Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.

Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.

Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.

Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Michigan.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.

Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.

Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.

Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.

Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.

Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C. B., London.

Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.
Prof. H. Marnali, University of Budapest.

Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.

Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.

Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.

Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Prof. F. York Powell, Oxford University.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.

Dr. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.

Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.

Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Vienna.

Prof. W. L. Fleming, University of West Virginia.
Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.

The state of society and literature at this period, 3. The press-the poets, 3.

The outbreak of war, 4. First engagements; the battle of Edgehill, 7. The king

repulsed at Turnham Green, 8. Macaulay's estimate of Hampden, 12. Gloucester

and Newbury, 13. The Solemn League and Covenant with Scotland, 17. Growing

importance of Cromwell, 18. Gardiner's estimate of Pym, 19. Religious fanaticism,

20. The Irish "Cessation" and the Scotch invasion, 20. The Mongrel Parliament at

Oxford, 21. Marston Moor, Lostwithiel, and Newbury, 24. Parliamentary rigour,

26. The Self-Denying Ordinance and the new model, 26. Religious bigotries and

Laud's execution, 27. The warring creeds and intolerance, 30. Peace negotiations

at Uxbridge, 32. The victories of Montrose in Scotland, 33. The new model army,

and Naseby, 34. The king's letters and insincerity, 37. The mission of Glamorgan

in Ireland, 40. The king surrenders to the Scots, 42. Charles a captive in England,

44.

CHAPTER II

THE LAST YEARS OF CHARLES I (1646-1649 A.D.)

. 46

The army versus parliament, 48. Rise of the agitators, 50. The army abducts

the king, 51. The expulsion of the eleven members, 52. Riots in London, 55. The

Heads of the Proposals, 56. Rendezvous at Ware; mutiny suppressed, 59. The king

escapes from Hampton Court, 60. The vote of non-addresses and the "second civil

war,"
"62. The Scotch invasion and the battle of Preston, 65. Treaty of Newport and

anti-royalist feeling, 68. Pride's Purge, 69. The king taken to Windsor, 71. The

king before the high court, 73. Guizot's account of Charles' execution, 75. Various

estimates of the event: Clarendon; Milton; Guizot; Knight, 79. John Lingard, 81.

S. R. Gardiner, 81. Lord Macaulay, 82.

CHAPTER III

THE VICTORIOUS COMMONWEALTH (1649–1651 A.D.)

84

Guizot's comparison of the English and the French revolutions, 84. The organ-
ization of the English Republic, 88. Executions and mutinies, 92. Scotland and
Charles II; the fate of Montrose, 93. Cromwell in Ireland, 96. Cromwell massacres

PAGE

Further

the prisoners, 97. Cromwell's own account of the Irish massacres, 98.

atrocities in Ireland, 99. The battle of Dunbar, 101. Charles II's "start" and his

coronation, 105. The battle of Worcester and the flight of Charles, 108.

Final conquest of Scotland and Ireland, 116. Cruelties of the Irish settlement,

117. The subjugation of Scotland, 120. Transactions with Portugal and Spain, 122.

Relations with Holland; the Navigation Act, 123. Naval battle of Blake and Tromp,

125. Cromwell's growing ambition, 128. Cromwell dissolves the Long Parliament,

April 20th, 1653, 130. Review of the Long Parliament, 132. The new council of

state appointed, 135. Cromwell calls a new parliament, 136. Guizot's account of the

"Little" or ""

Barebones" Parliament, 137. The Instrument of Government makes

Cromwell protector, 142. Hallam on Cromwell's usurpation, 143.

Scotland subdued and incorporated, 146. Final battles of the Dutch War, 147.

Relations with France and Spain, 150. The first Protectorate Parliament, 151. Crom-

well overawes the parliament, 153. Cromwell dissolves the parliament, 157. Royalist

conspiracies and Cromwell's despotism, 158. Foreign affairs and naval expeditions,

160. The second Protectorate Parliament, 162. Cromwell would be king, 165. Crom-

well refuses the title and is inaugurated protector, 167. Victory and death of Blake,

169. Cromwell calls and dissolves his fourth parliament, 171. The battle of the

Dunes capture of Dunkirk, 173. Cromwell's many distresses and death (Septem-

ber 3rd, 1658), 174. Various estimates of Cromwell; his dissimulation: Lingard,

178. The opinion of a contemporary royalist, Lord Clarendon, 180. A German es-

timate of Cromwell's influence on Europe (Von Ranke), 181. Cromwell as the

typical Englishman (S. R. Gurdiner), 182. A modern depreciation (John Morley),

182. Lord Macaulay's comparison of Cromwell with Cæsar and Napoleon, 183.

Carlyle's eulogium, 187.

Richard Cromwell and his unruly parliament, 195. The discontent in the army,

197. The recall of the Long Parliament: the Rump (May 7th, 1659), 199. The re-

tirement of the Cromwells, 200. The commonwealth restored, 201. Booth's rising

and the Wallingford House petitions, 202. General Monk takes the reins, 203. End

of the Rump Parliament, March 16th, 1660, 208. Lambert's insurrection and the Free

Parliament, 209. Charles' Declaration from Breda, and the amnesty, 211. Com-

merce and literature of the republican period, 215. Prose writers, 217. The poets,

218. William Harvey, 219. Guizot on the Restoration, 220.

CHAPTER VII

THE RESTORATION OF THE STUARTS (1660–1668 A.D.) .

PAGE

. 222

Macaulay's picture of the times and of the new king. 222. Abolition of tenures

by knight service and disbanding of the army, 223. Disputes between the round-

heads and cavaliers renewed, 224. Religious dissension, 225. Unpopularity of the

Puritans, 227. Character of Charles II, 230. Characters of the duke of York and

earl of Clarendon, 233. The Convention Parliament, 234. The Bill of Indemnity;

the regicides, 235. Revenge on the corpses of Cromwell and Blake, 237. The restora-

tion of Episcopacy, 238. The parliament of 1661 and the Act of Uniformity, 238.

The execution of Sir Harry Vane, 240. The affairs of Scotland and Ireland, 241.

The profligacy of Charles: his marriage, 242. The sale of Dunkirk to the French,

244. Religious persecutions: the Conventicle Act and repeal of the Triennial Act,

244. War with the Dutch, 245. The plague, 248. The, great London fire of 1666,

253. Wren's plan for rebuilding the city, 256. The fall of Clarendon, 262. Buck-

ingham and the cabal ministry, 264. The triple alliance, 266. Macaulay's contrast

of England and France at that period, 266.

CHAPTER VIII

THE LATTER PART OF CHARLES II'S REIGN (1668-1685 A.D.)

. 269

The king and the duke of York become Catholics, 270. The secret Treaty of

Dover and the French alliance, 272. The accession of Nell Gwyn; Coventry Act,

273. The stop of the exchequer; the Declaration of Indulgence; the Dutch War, 275.

Parliament bests the king; the Test Act, 277. The fall of the cabal (1674 A.D.); new

opposition to the king, 279. The country party: the Non-Resistance Bill fails, 281.

Charles II accepts a pension from Louis XIV, 282. William III of Orange visits

England and marries the princess Mary, 284. Intrigues of the French and venality

of the English, 285. Titus Oates and the alleged "Popish Plot," 287. Sir William

Temple's plan of government, 291. The character of Halifax, 293. The Habeas

Corpus Act, 294. The Exclusion Bill and the duke of Monmouth, 294. Violence of

factions; whig and tory, 297. The second Short Parliament fails to pass the Exclu-

sion Bill (1680-1681 A.D.), 298. The Oxford Parliament of 1681, 299. The tory reac-

tion and persecution of the whigs, 300. The Ryehouse Plot: the death of Shaftes-

bury, Russell, and others, 303. Seizure of charters and other violations of the

constitution, 304. The death of Charles II (February 6th, 1685), 309. Buckle's

weighing of the good and evil of the reign, 312.

Population; taxation, 317. The military system, 319. The navy, 321. Charge

of civil government, 324. State of agriculture, 325. Mineral wealth of the country,

327. The country gentlemen; the clergy, 328. Growth of the towns, 333. The city,

Condition of the streets, 337. Lighting of London, 338. Difficulty of travel-

335.