313 Noel, Hon. and Rev. Baptist, M.A. 294 Norwich, ex-Bishop of. (See Hinds) 210 Piccolomini, Maria 314 295 Phillips, John, M.A., LL.D. O'Shaughnessy, Sir William B. Outram, General Sir James Overstone, Lord Owen, Richard, F.R.S. Oxenford, John Oxford, Bishop of . 300 Portugal, King of. (See Pedro V.) 309 301 Potter, Louis Joseph 302 Pouillet, Claude S. M. 319 . 319 . 320 320 9 320 320 Pakington, Sir John, G. C.B.. . 303 Prince Consort. (See Albert, Prince) 304 Prussia, King of. (See Fredk. Wm.) 165 Pulszky, Ferencz . 304 Pulszky, Madame Ferencz Palgrave, Sir Francis, K. H., F.R. S. 305 Pusey, Edward Bouverie, D.D. Peel, The Right Hon. Jonathan Peel, Sir Robert, Bart. Pélissier, Marshal, Duc de Malakof 310 Pelouze, Théophile Jules Reboul, Jean 311 Redding, Cyrus Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, M.P. 339 Somerville, Mrs. Mary. Rudersdorff, Madame Ruhmkorff, N. . 356 . 356 338 Smith, Thomas Southwood, M.D. 356 357 . 357 PAGE Sweden, King of. (See Charles XV.) 94 Veuillot, Louis Syme, James, M.D. Taglioni, Marie Tait, Right Rev. Archibald Taunton, Right Hon. Lord Taylor, Alfred Swaine, M.D. Taylor, Bayard Taylor, Isaac Taylor, Isidore, Baron Taylor, Tom Tenerani, Pietro 363 Viardot, Pauline Garcia Victor Emmanuel II., K. of Sardinia 383 364 Villemain, Abel 365 Tennent, Sir James E., M. P. 365 Waagen, Gustave Friedrich 365 Wagner, Richard 366 Wagner, Rudolph 367 Wales, Prince of. (See Albert Edwd.) 10 369 Ward, Edward Matthew, R. A. Thesiger, Sir Fred. (See Chelmsford) 95 Warren, Samuel Thierry, Alexandre Thierry, Amédée . 369 Watt, James Henry 387 370 Watts, Alaric Alexander 371 371 371 Thirlwall, Rt. Rev. Connop, D.D. Wensleydale, Baron Wheatstone, Charles, F.R.S.. 373 Whewell, Rev. William, D.D. 389 373 Whiteside, Right Hon. James, M.P. 392 373 Whitworth, Joseph 374 Wilberforce, Right Rev. Samuel 393 394 Tite, William, M.P., F.R.S. Tupper, Martin Farquhar, D.C. L. 377 Windham, Major-General C., C.B. 397 COTEMPORARY BIOGRAPHY. AAL ABB AALI PASHA, MEHEMIT EMIN, a the Conferences of Vienna, he returned Turkish statesman and legislative re- to Turkey to become Grand Vizier : an former, was born at Constantinople office which he held when a commission in 1815. At the age of fifteen he was was appointed, over which he presided, admitted to the Translation Office of to draw up, in concert with the representhe Porte, on the recommendation of tatives of the Western Powers, those Reschid Pasha, the enlightened Turkish measures favourable to the Christian Reformer, who had the year before acted population of the Turkish Empire which as Secretary to the Turkish Plenipoten- were confirmed in 1856. As Plenipotentiaries at Adrianople. In 1834 Aali Pasha tiary of the Porte to the Paris Conferwas appointed Second-class Secretary to ences, he took an active part in the the Embassy of Ahmed Fethi Pasha to deliberations, and signed the treaty of Vienna, where he spent two years. He peace of 1856. In November, 1856, he visited Russia before returning to Con- resigned the office of Grand Vizier, and stantinople, making no stay, however, was succeeded by his old patron Reschid in the empire of the Czar. In November Pasha, Three weeks after, he entered 1837, he became Chief Interpreter to the the council as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Divan, and in 1838 Chargé d'Affaires which post, however, he resigned imto London, in which post he remained mediately on the death of Reschid in till the following year. In 1841 he was January, 1858. He was then re-invested appointed Ambassador to England, re- with the functions of Grand Vizier, in taining that office until 1844. With the which he has manifested a sincere desire elevation of Reschid Pasha to be Grand to reform Turkish abuses. From "A Vizier, Aali rose to be Foreign Minister, Biography of Aali Pasha," published in and participated in all the political for- Turkish by Fatin Effendi, it appears tunes, good and bad, of his patron from that the former enjoys a high reputa1846 to 1852. In 1852 he became Grand tion among his countrymen for poetical Vizier, and held the office for a few ability. A small, modest-looking man, months, when he retired for some time no one would conclude from his appearfrom public life. In 1854, however, he ance that he possessed such energy and obtained the post of Governor-General firmness of purpose as he has manifested of Broussa, and in October of the same in diplomatic negociations. year was recalled to Constantinople, ABBOTT, REV. JACOB, an American where he again became Minister of Fo-author, and Congregational minister, was reign Affairs, and filled various other born at Hallowell, in the State of Maine, offices. After representing the Porte at in 1803. He graduated at Bowdoin B "The College in 1820, and became a Congrega- | having already appeared, and tional minister. In 1825 he commenced History of Italy" being on the eve of the publication of a series of moral and publication. religious works, with which his name ABD-EL-KADER was born in the has now become identified, of which neighbourhood of Mascara, in 1807. He "The Young Christian," "The Corner was educated with his three brothers in Stone," "The Way to do Good," and the Guetna, a sort of seminary kept in his illustrated "Histories," are the best the house of his father; the latter being known. He has written besides a great a Saint, who claimed descent from the number of juvenile works, which have Prophet. He early distinguished himhad a wide circulation, especially in self by his learning and eloquence. An America. Among these are the "Rollo attempt of the Dey of Algiers to assassiBooks," the "Lucy Books," and the nate him induced him to seek an asylum "Jonas Books;" the "Franconian Sto- | in Egypt, whence he did not return till ries," "Marco Polo's Adventures," "Sto- after the French conquest. His father, ries of the Rainbow," " The Florence who had taken the lead in an insurrecSeries," and "Harper's Story Books," tion of the Arab tribes near Oran, each of these forming a series in an incre- handed over his power to his son, who dible number of volumes. These works in 1832 attacked the city at the head of are all intended for the use of the young, 10,000 mounted Arabs. They thought and have attained to great popularity, that the Turkish power being overthrown owing to the clearness and simplicity by the French at Algiers, they might of the author's style, and the talent he achieve their independence. He was possesses of infusing interest into his opposed, however, by General Boyer, narratives; many of his works have who defended Oran with French troops, been reprinted in this country and repulsing the Arab leader after a terrible translated into various languages. engagement. Nevertheless his influence ABBOTT, REV. JOHN, S. C., an Ame- continued to increase with the wild rican author, Congregational minister, tribes of Barbary. In 1834 General Des and brother of the Rev. Jacob Abbott, Michels entered into a treaty with him, was born in 1805 at Brunswick, in the whereby the Chelif became the bounState of Maine. He graduated at Bow-dary between the French and native doin College in 1825, and at the Theolo- possessions. The result of this arrangegical Seminary in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1829, where he was trained as a Congregational minister. His principal works are "Kings and Queens; or, Life in a Palace," The Mother at Home," "The Child at Home," "The History of Napoleon Bonaparte," "The History of the French Revolution, as viewed in the light of Republican Institutions," and Memoirs of "Marie Antoinette," "Joséphine," "MadameRoland," "Henry IV.," "Cortes," "Hind Philip, Chief of Narragansett Indians." He is at present writing the Histories of the Monarchies of Continental Europe, those relating to "The Empires of Austria and Russia" ment was, that a sort of small monarchy was formed for him with Mascara for his capital, where he had ample leisure to prepare for a wide-spread resistance. The time came when he thought he might venture on a new attack. He crossed the Chelif, took possession of Medeah, and at the head of 20,000 mounted Arabs drove back the French from the course of the Macta. General Bugeaud was the first French commander who was successful in checking the resistance of the native population, and in breaking the prestige of Abd-el-Kader, who was of course looked upon by his countrymen as a prophet as well as a |