Marriage

203 NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT

(E) Fellow Servants.

3 (N.Y.App.Div.) Validly contracted be-
tween residents of foreign jurisdiction cannot 185(4) (N.Y.) Master liable for negligence
be annulled for nonage.-Simmons v. Simmons, of fellow servant constructing scaffold.-Ma-
leeny v. Standard Shipbuilding Corporation, 237
N. Y. 250, 142 N. E. 602.

215.

Validly contracted in foreign jurisdiction by
residents thereof cannot be annulled in New
York. Id.

(G) Contributory Negligence of Servant.
14 (N.Y.Sup.) Status determined by law at
date of marriage.-Atkinson v. Atkinson, 372.235(7) (N.Y.App.Div.) Duty of lineman to
25(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Duty of clerk to issue inspect pole.-Murphy v. Rochester Telephone
marriage license on affidavits of parties, stating Co., 669.
statutory age, purely ministerial.-Kellogg v.
Kellogg, 757.

30 (N.Y.Sup.) Liability of clergyman or
magistrate, if parties incompetent, stated.-
Kellogg v. Kellogg, 757.

36 (N.Y.Sup.) That infant misrepresented
age in signing application for license held not to
deprive her of right to annulment.-Kellogg V.
Kellogg, 757.

IV. LIABILITIES FOR INJURIES TO THIRD
PERSONS.

(A) Acts or Omissions of Servant.
302(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) No hard and fast
rule to determine whether servant is engaged
in master's business.-Bryan v. Bunis, 634.

302 (2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Deviation does not
necessarily relieve master from liability.-Bry-
an v. Bunis, 634.

50(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Finding petitioner
was decedent's common-law widow held against 302 (3) (N.Y.App.Div.) Janitor's assault
weight of evidence. In re Auerbach's Estate, on tenant held not within employment.-Hall v.
211.
Smathers, 721.

54 (N.Y.App.Div.) Statute rendering void-302 (6) (N.Y.App.Div.) Master not liable
able marriage void not retroactive.-Atkinson for negligence of servant on "frolic."-Bryan
v. Bunis, 634.

v. Atkinson, 49.

54 (N.Y.Sup.) Statute rendering voidable
marriage void not given retroactive effect.
Atkinson v. Atkinson, 372.

54 (N.Y.Sup.) Between parties of nonage
voidable and not void.-Kellogg v. Kellogg, 757.
57 (N.Y.Sup.) Distinction between actions
for "annulment" and "divorce" stated.-Kellogg
v. Kellogg, 757.

Truck driver by going home to noonday meal,
held not to have abandoned employer's work
as matter of law.-Id.

302 (6) (N.Y.App.Div.) Master not liable
for servant's acts in own behalf.-Hall v.
Smathers, 721.

VI. WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACTS.
58(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Annulment distin-
guished from divorce.-Simmons v. Simmons, (A) Nature and Grounds of Master's Lia-
bility.
215.

58(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Nonage alone insufficient 349 (N.Y.) Compensation for loss of foot
basis for annulment.-Lazarczyk v. Lazarczyk, governed by law in force at time of injury.-
291.
Neglia v. Zimmerman, 237 N. Y. 131, 142 N.
58(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Matters to be considered E. 442.
in exercising discretion as to annulling mar-349
riage for nonage stated.-Foley v. Foley, 674.
Unconsummated marriage annulled for non-
age, in view of circumstances.-Id.

(N.Y.App.Div.) Compensation Law
amendment as to loss of eye held not retroac-
tive.-Arnold v. S. R. Mfg. Co., 546.

354 (N.Y.App.Div.) Injured employé may
60 (7) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held insufficient elect, under Compensation Law, to sue third
to require annulment for nonage.-Lazarczyk parties.-Murphy v. Rochester Telephone Co.,
669.
Lazarczyk, 291.

V.

60(7) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held sufficient
to warrant annulment for wife's nonage.-Kel-
logg v. Kellogg, 757.

62 (N.Y.Sup.) On annulment for nonage,
order for support and maintenance of wife and
child held warranted.-Kellogg v. Kellogg, 757.
Failure of statute to provide for alimony in
actions for annulment of marriage does not de-
prive equity courts of the original powers.-Id.
Right to alimony presupposes legal contract
of marriage.-Id.

364 (N.Y.App.Div.) Injuries to city em-
ployee held compensable.-Hughes v. City of
Buffalo, 391.

compens-
375(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Injuries
able, though arising from duties faultily per-
formed.-Gibson v. New Crown Market, 355.
to trolley
375 (2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Injury
car conductor, going from home to office to re-
port day's receipts, held compensable as "aris-
ing out of and in course of employment."-
Wilber v. Fonda. J. & G. R. Co., 336.

64 (N.Y.Sup.) Where complaint for annul-375(2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Injury to butcher
ment dismissed, court cannot compel husband
to support child.-Lazarczyk v. Lazarczyk, 291.

on way to market after obtaining order held
compensable, as "arising out of and in course
of employment."-Gibson v. New Crown Mar-
ket, 355.

Rule under Compensation Law as to injury
of inside worker going to work inapplicable to
outside worker.-Id.

375(2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Injury to plant
worker journeying to or from work not com-
pensatable; "course of employment."-Traynor
v. City of Buffalo, 590.

Injury to nonplant worker on street, if jour-
neying on master's errand, held one "arising
out of and in the course of his employment."
-Id.

Injury to city park employee, returning
home after having turned off water, held com-
pensatable as "in course of employment.”—Id.

INDEX-DIGEST

Municipal Corporations

For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER

385 (114) (N.Y.App.Div.) Loss of binoc-64 (N.Y.App.Div.) Order striking out simiular vision held not compensatable as total lar counterclaim in action involving different is"loss of eye" prior to 1920.-Arnold v. S. R. sues not res judicata.-Central-Mott CorporaMfg. Co., 546. tion v. Vagnier. 101.

388 (N.Y.App.Div.) Citizen's widow remarrying British subject held entitled to full compensation.-Gorman v. Forty-Second St., M. & St. N. Ave. Ry. Co., 632.

(C) Proceedings.

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.

See Schools and School Districts; Street Rail-
roads; Towns.

II. GOVERNMENTAL POWERS AND FUNC-
TIONS IN GENERAL.

405(4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Finding heart disease result of injuries to compensation claim-63(1) (N.Y.Mun.Ct.) Owners held entitled held not warranted.-Ryan V. Vandam Warehouse Co., 447.

ant

I. REQUISITES AND VALIDITY. (A) Nature and Essentials of Conveyances as Security.

30 (N.Y.) Delivery of deeds for preparation of mortgage held insufficient to establish equitable mortgage. Sleeth v. Sampson, 237 N.

Y. 69, 142 N. E. 355.

to contest questions determined by subordinate
board.-Lazarowitz v. Kazan, 610.

III. LEGISLATIVE CONTROL OF MUNICI-
PAL ACTS. RIGHTS, AND
LIABILITIES.

con

79 (N.Y.App.Div.) Charter controls flicting General City Law.-City of Glens Falls v. Chapin, 385.

V. OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYÉS.
(A) Municipal Officers in General.
163 (N.Y.App.Div.) Expenditures of assist-
ant district attorney in successfully defending
himself against criminal charges held not for
"city purpose."-Kilroe v. Craig, 71.

Charter provision, specifying claims allowable, excludes attorney's claims for reimbursement of expenditures.-Id.

174 (N.Y.Co.Ct.) Building inspector held charged with no duty, so as to be liable for building's collapse.-People v. Gaydica, 243. (B) Municipal Departments and Officers

Thereof.

183 (4) (N.Y.Sup.) Marshal not entitled to sue on check for amount exceeding legal fees.

V. ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE OR DEBT.-Auerbach v. Hesse, 436.
270 (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held sufficient to
show bond not assigned.-Goldman v. Rhoades,

548.

VII. PAYMENT OR PERFORMANCE OF
CONDITION, RELEASE, AND

SATISFACTION.

298 (3) (N.Y.Sup.) Mortgagee not bound by payment for a forged assignment.-Kaminski v. Swider, 893.

319(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held sufficient to show bond not paid.-Goldman v. Rhoades, 548.

X. FORECLOSURE BY ACTION.
(G) Injunction and Receiver.

184(2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Police commissiontory life of which expired before vacancy ocer cannot make appointment from list, statucurred.-Brown v. Craig, 788.

194 (N.Y.App.Div.) Determination of fire commissioners as to location of hydrant controlling. People ex rel. Arthur v. Huntington Water Works Co., 808.

VI. PROPERTY.

225(4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Resolution authorizing sale of buildings, passed by sinking fund commission in absence of comptroller, held illegal.-Craig y. Commissioners of Sinking Fund of City of New York, 236.

VII. CONTRACTS IN GENERAL.

467(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Modifying agree-233 (N.Y.App.Div.) Notice terminating ment permitting appointment of receiver held not to affect subsequent grantee.-Finch v. Ray, 560.

467(3) (N.Y.App.Div.) Receiver not appointed where no reasonable ground is shown. -Finch v. Ray, 560.

of

tenancy may be given only by comptroller or
collector of revenue. Craig v. Commissioners
of Sinking Fund of City of New York, 236.
X. POLICE POWER AND REGULATIONS.
(A) Delegation, Extent, and Exercise of
Power.

468(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Appointment receiver in mortgage foreclosure proceeding 591 (N.Y.Sup.) Ordinance requiring permit held not authorized.-Finch v. Ray, 560. from board not invalid as delegating authority. Inadequate protection of infant's interest-Lees v. Cohoes Motor Car Co., 65.

held not ground for appointment.-Id.

468 (3) (N.Y.App.Div.) Rule stated as to when appointment of receiver justified.—Finch v. Ray, 560.

(K) Deficiency and Personal Liability. 556 (N.Y.Sup.) Covenant to pay held sufficient to support deficiency judgment.-Goldman v. Rhoades, 548.

to

621 (N.Y.Co.Ct.) Contractor entitled disagree with requests of examiner of plans.People v. Gaydica, 243.

625 (N.Y.Sup.) Ordinance prohibiting erection of gasoline storage tank within 1,000 feet of dwelling held invalid.-Lees v. Cohoes Motor Car Co., 65.

Police regulations must not be unreasonable nor discriminatory.-Id.

Municipal Corporations

203 NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT

(B) Violations and Enforcement of Regu- |

lations.

642 (4) (N.Y.Sp.Sess.) Defendant demanding trial under ordinance cannot complain of error in concluding trial, though unsubpoenaed witnesses were not present.-People v. Fein, 600.

925 (N.Y.Sup.) Village bonds may call for annual or semiannual payments.-Anderson v. Village of Potsdam, 220.

XIV. CLAIMS AGAINST CORPORATION.

1000(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Action not maintainable as taxpayer's action when amount of assessment not alleged.-Lees v. Cohoes Motor Car Co., 65.

XI. USE AND REGULATION OF PUBLIC PLACES, PROPERTY, AND, WORKS. (A) Streets and Other Public Ways. 646 (N.Y.App.Div.) Methods of acquiring See Banks and Banking, 270. easements in streets stated.-Nichols Copper

Co. v. Connolly, 839.

648 (N.Y.App.Div.) User essential_to_es

NATIONAL BANKS.

NAVIGABLE WATERS.

tablish street by prescription.-Nichols Cop- See Canals.

per Co. v. Connolly. 839.

654 (N.Y.App.Div.) Evidence held insuffi

1. RIGHTS OF PUBLIC.

cient to show highway by prescription.-Nichols (3) (N.Y.App.Div.) Navigability of stream Copper Co. v. Connolly, 839. dependent on capacity for transportation.Cmm 700 (N.Y.Sp.Sess.) prohibiting Waterford Electric Light, Heat & Power Co. v. street sale of tickets strictly construed.-Peo- State, 858. ple v. Cohen, 604.

Statute

(3) (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) River susceptible of use Sign in front of store window announcing for navigation; "navigable."-Finch, Pruyn & sale of tickets for boxing exhibition held not Co. v. State, 165. violation of Penal Law; "other means." Id. (5) (N.Y.Ct.CI.) River used to float logs 703 (1) (N.Y.Sp.Sess.) Taxi Bonding Law held navigable.-Finch, Pruyn & Co. v. State, held a valid exercise of police power.-People 165. v. Martin, 480.

705 (5) (N.Y.App.Div.) Care required of automobile driver to avoid collision stated. Burd v. Bleischer, 754.

XII. TORTS.

(C) Defects or Obstructions in Streets and
Other Public Ways.
768(4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Sidewalk and curb
held not negligently maintained.-De Pledge v.
City of New York, 428.

812(2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Compliance with statute as to notice of claim and intention to sue city condition precedent.-Van Den Bergh v. City of New York, 127.

C812(7) (N.Y.App.Div.) Notice of intention to sue city for personal injury stating nonexisting place held insufficient.-Van Den Bergh v. City of New York, 127.

Defective notice of intention to sue city for personal injury held not cured by testimony before comptroller.-Id.

Defective notice of intention to sue may not be cured by requiring city to search for place. -Id.

XIII. FISCAL MANAGEMENT. PUBLIC
DEBT, SECURITIES, AND TAXATION.
(A) Power to Incur Indebtedness and Ex-

penditures.

860 (N.Y.App.Div.) Board of estimate and apportionment cannot allow invalid claims against city of New York, unless city received benefit.-Kilroe v. Craig, 71.

Statutory authority necessary to authorize expenditures for city purpose.-Id.

(6) (N.Y.App.Div.) Navigability of Hudson river.-Waterford Electric Light, Heat & Power Co. v. State, 858.

Hudson river navigable to Glens Falls.-Id. m2 (N.Y.App.Div.) State may release governmental power over navigable waters.-Waterford Electric Light, Heat & Power Co. v. State, 858.

4 (N.Y.App.Div.) No ownership in waters. Waterford Electric Light, Heat & Power Co. v. State, 858.

22(1) (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Maintenance of dam held to present necessary elements of easement by prescription, if obtainable against state-Finch, Pruyn & Co. v. State, 165.

34 (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Owner of dam maintained for 40 years held entitled to damages from state for diversion of water.-Finch, Pruyn & Co. v. State, 165.

Owner of dam held at least licensee, and entitled to damages for state's diversion of water. -Id.

Measure of damages to millowner for diversion of water.-Id.

II. LANDS UNDER WATER.

36(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Bed of Hudson_river owned by people.-Waterford Electric Light, Heat & Power Co. v. State, 858.

owner

36(1) (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Governmental ship of stream different from private ownership of bed.-Finch, Pruyn & Co. v. State, 165. Bed of Hudson river at and above Glens Falls not part of forest preserve.-Id. may adopt 37(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) States rules, relating to ownership of lands forming beds and banks.-Waterford Electric Light,

(C) Bonds and Other Securities and Sink-Heat & Power Co. v. State, 858. ing Funds.

907 (N.Y.Sup.) Village law requiring payment of bonds in annual installments liberally construed.-Anderson v. Village of Potsdam, 220.

918(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Resolution submitting question of issue of village bonds in accordance with spirit of statute sufficient.-Anderson v. Village of Potsdam, 220.

Resolution proposing to meet cost of water supply by bonds and money on hand held not objectionable, as embracing two propositions.

--Id.

37(1) (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Easement in bed of navigable stream may be acquired by prescription.-Finch, Pruyn & Co. v. State, 165. state conveys 37(4) (N.Y.) Grant from merely to shore of navigable lake.-Stewart v. Turney, 237 N. Y. 117, 142 N. E. 437. Grantee from state of lot on Cayuga Lake held to take to low-water mark.-Id.

owners

37(4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Riparian own to thread of stream.-Waterford Electric Light, Heat & Power Co. v. State, 858.

Grant to corporation to erect dam across Hudson river held valid.-Id.

INDEX-DIGEST

For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER

State exercises double character in granting
lands under Hudson river.-Id.

37(4) (N.Y.Ct.CI.) Grant bounded by Hud-

Nuisance

NEW TRIAL

II. GROUNDS.

son river held not to convey to middle of (D) Disqualification or Misconduct of or
stream.-Finch, Pruyn & Co. v. State, 165.

Affecting Jury.

37(4) (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Release for valuable 44 (4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Juror's view of scene'
consideration held to convey state's interest to and conversation with witness held ground for
low-water mark.-Rockaway Pac. Corporation new trial.-Morrow v. Dotts, 382.
v. State, 279.

(F) Verdiet or Findings Contrary to Law
or Evidence.

III. RIPARIAN AND LITTORAL RIGHTS.
39(2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Riparian owner 73 (N.Y.) Special verdict could be set aside
owns undeveloped power of waterfall.-Water- as against weight of evidence.-Greenpoint Nat.
ford Electric Light, Heat & Power Co. v. State, Bank of Brooklyn v. Gilbert, 237 N. Ÿ. 19, 142
858.
N. E. 338.
Cam44 (3) (N.Y.Ct.CI.) Rockaway peninsula
held extended by accretion.-Rockaway Pac.
Corporation v. State, 279.

NEGLIGENCE.

See Master and Servant, 101-302; Munici-
pal Corporations, 768-812; Railroads,
307-358; Street Railroads,

(H) Newly Discovered Evidence.
100 (N.Y.Sup.) So-called newly discovered
evidence held not to require new trial.-Kur-
shan v. Heitner, 435.

102 (3) (N.Y.App.Div.) Motion based on
theory of newly discovered evidence held prop-
erly denied.-People v. Prime, 538.
112-117.102 (9) (N.Y.App.Div.) Applicant must pre-
sent proper excuse for failing to discover evi-
dence sooner.-People v. Prime, 538.

1. ACTS OR OMISSIONS CONSTITUTING
NEGLIGENCE.

(A) Personal Conduct in General.

15 (N.Y.App.Div.) Joint owners of tele-
phone pole jointly and severally liable for con-
current negligence.-Murphy V. Rochester
Telephone Co., 669.

108(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Should

be more
than even chance of different result to author-
ize granting new trial for newly discovered
evidence.-People v. Prime, 538.

NONSUIT.

15 (N.Y.App.Div.) Concurrent negligence See Dismissal and Nonsuit.
of another no defense.-Burd v. Bleischer, 754.
Either wrongdoer liable for injury.-Id.

NOTES.

(B) Dangerous Substances, Machinery, See Bills and Notes.

and Other Instrumentalities.

27 (N.Y.App.Div.) Manufacturer of hair
dye held liable for injuries.-Cahill v. Inecto,
Inc., 1.

II. PROXIMATE CAUSE OF INJURY.

56(1) (N.Y.Co.Ct.) Act must be proximate
cause of injury.-People v. Gaydica, 243.

60 (N.Y.App.Div.) Limit of liability for
spread of fire stated.-Moore v. Van Beuren &
New York Bill-Posting Co., 305.

NOVATION.

6 (N.Y.Sup.) Agreement to substitute
plaintiff bank as owner of draft held novation,
binding on bank; "assigned."-Bank of the
United States v. Irving Nat. Bank, 906.

NUISANCE.

1. PRIVATE NUISANCES.

Spread of fire held remote result of negli- (A) Nature of Injury, and Liability There-
gence, precluding recovery.-Id.

for..

61(1) (N.Y.Co.Ct.) Defendant's negli-7 (N.Y.App.Div.) Falling of telephone wires
gence need not be sole cause of injury.-Peo- some evidence of nuisance.-Wilks v. New York
ple v. Gaydica, 243.
Telephone Co., 665.

III. CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE.
(C) Imputed Negligence.

93 (2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Automobile driver,
whose negligence contributed to wife's fatal in-
jury in collision, may recover from driver,
whose negligence also proximately caused in-
jury.-Burd v. Bleischer, 754.

IV. ACTIONS.

(B) Evidence.

121(1) (N.Y.Sur.) Not assumed, in ab-
sence of proof-In re Toukatley's Estate, 175.
122(1) (N.Y.) Burden of proving contribu-
tory negligence on defendant.-Horton v. New
York Cent. R. Co., 237 N. Y. 38, 142 N. E. 345.
134(4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Finding of negli-
gence in setting fire sustained.-Moore v. Van
Beuren & New York Bill-Posting Co., 305.

NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS.
See Bills and Notes.

9 (N.Y.App.Div.) Telephone company, con-
veying property, liable for continuation of nuis-
ance.-Wilks v. New York Telephone Co., 665.
Persons participating in nuisance jointly and
severally liable.-Id.

(C) Abatement and Injunction.

32 (N.Y.Sup.) Complaint held insufficient
for injunctive relief against erection of gaso-
line tank.-Lees v. Cohoes Motor Car Co., 65.

(D) Actions for Damages.

43 (N.Y.App.Div.) Contributory negligence
in coming in contact with electric wire, con-
stituting nuisance, held not in issue.-Wilks v.
New York Telephone Co., 665.

53 (N.Y.App.Div.) Whether installation of
telephone wires constituted nuisance question
of fact.-Wilks v. New York Telephone Co.,
665.

55 (N.Y.App.Div.) Verdict determining li-
ability of telephone companies for personal in-
juries by electric wires constituting nuisance
held inconsistent.-Wilks v. New York Tele-
phone Co., 665.

I. OFFENSES AND RESPONSIBILITY
THEREFOR.

(N.Y.Sup.) Willful and false swearing as to age in application for license is perjury.— Kellogg v. Kellogg, 757.

10 (N.Y.Sup.) Curative statute inapplicable. -People ex rel. Greene v. Swasey, 22.

11(3) (N.Y.Sup.) False voucher for article sold to state held not to support charge of perjury. People ex rel. Greene v. Swasey, 22. II. PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENT.

100(2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Salary of district superintendent may be diminished or abolished during term.-Cossart v. Board of Supervisors 31 (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held sufficient to of Otsego County, 55.

For parties on appeal and review of rulings as to parties, see Appeal and Error.

destroy assumption arising from apparently regular verification.-People ex rel. Greene v. Swasey, 22.

33(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Independent of jurat, proof of taking of oath necessary.-People ex rel. Greene v. Swasey, 22.

PERPETUITIES.

For parties to particular proceedings or in-8 (6) (N.Y.App.Div.) Charitable corporation struments, see also the various specific top

ics.

PARTNERSHIP.

III. MUTUAL RIGHTS, DUTIES, AND LIA-
BILITIES OF PARTNERS.

(B) Individual Transactions.

to be formed held entitled to income of trust from testatrix's death.-Maynard v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 83.

PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 15 (N.Y.App.Div.) Finding of malpractice unwarranted.-Mandelbaum v. Weil, 289, of mal96 (N.Y.Sup.) Partners, secretly purchas-18(9) (N.Y.App.Div.) Question ing reversionary interest in premises leased by practice held for jury.-Alteresko v. Phillips, firm, must account.-Maas v. Goldman, 524.

VII. DISSOLUTION, SETTLEMENT, AND

ACCOUNTING.

198.

PLEADING.

For pleadings in particular actions or proceedings, see also the various specific topics.

(B) Rights, Powers, and Liabilities after For review of rulings relating to pleadings, see Appeal and Error.

Dissolution.

291 (N.Y.Sup.) Recording bill of sale and I. FORM AND ALLEGATIONS IN GENERAL. mortgage held not constructive notice of disso-8 (5) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegation that plaintiff is lution. Braun v. Bellini, 109.

PATENTS.

X. TITLE, CONVEYANCES, AND CON-
TRACTS.

(C) Licenses and Contracts.
214 (N.Y.Sur.) Payments after time set
for determining validity of patents held to
waive breach.-In re Muser's Estate, 619.

218(3) (N.Y.Sur.) Notice of "suspension" of royalties under agreement held not to terminate licensee's liability.-In re Muser's Estate, 619.

Judgment determining invalidity of patents held not to exempt licensee, continuing to manufacture, from payment of royalties.-Id.

entitled to recover sum demanded held conclusion of law.-Saalberg v. Cellofilm Corporation, 104.

8(7) (N.Y.) Allegation that insurer's contract impliedly included duty to inform insured of offer to settle held conclusion of law. -Streat Coal Co. v. Frankfort General Ins. Co., 237 N. Y. 60, 142 N. E. 352.

II. DECLARATION, COMPLAINT, PETI-
TION, OR STATEMENT.

52 (2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Several physicians negligently setting bone may be joined, but the causes should be separately stated and numbered.-Sherlock v. Manwaren, 709.

52(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Separate causes of action should be separately stated and numbered.