Boards, 412; County Supervision, 413;
Town and District Administration,
413; City Administration, 413; Certifi-
cating Teachers, 414; Public-land En-
dowments of Common Schools, 414;
The Educational Grant of Lands, 415;
Funds Provided by the State, 416;
School Income, 416; Local Taxes, 416;
Miscellaneous, 416; Modes of Distrib-
uting Funds, 416; Free Schools, 417.
ELECTORAL PLAN, THE, FAILURE OF,
261;
260-264.-Party Government,
Nomination by Consent, 261; Nom-
ination by Congressional Caucus, 262;
Nomination by State Legislatures,
262; Nomination by National Conven-
tions, 262; The Caucus System, 262;
Effect of the Caucus System, 263;
Steps in Election of President and
Vice-President, 263; Irregularities in
Elections, 264.
ELECTIONS, See "Suffrage."
EXECUTIVES, THE STATE, 384-387.-
Vesting the Executive Power, 384;
Elections, Terms, and Salaries, 384;
Duties of the Governor, 384; Execu-
tive Departments, 385; Governor's
Relations to Heads of Departments,
386; Lieutenant-Governor, 386.
EXECUTIVE POWER, THE, VESTING OF,
248-250.-Need of a National Execu-
tive, 248; An Independent Executive
248; A Single Executive, 249; Style
and Title of Executive, 249; Length
of Term and Re-eligibility, 250.
GOVERNMENT, THE AMERICAN, NA-
TURE OF, 418-422.-The United States
a Federal Republic, 418; Features of
Federal States, 418; Origin of Fed-
eral States, 418; Advantages of Fed-
eral States, 419; Disadvantages, 419;
Dual Constitution of the United
States, 419; Relations of two Systems,
420; Relative Prominence of the two
Jurisdictions, 420; Nature of the Na-
tional Government, 421; Complexity
of the System, 421.
GOVERNMENTS, THE NATIONAL AND
STATE, 117-124.-Priority of the States,
118; First Division of Powers, 119;
Second Division of Powers, 119; In-
herent and Delegated Powers, 120;
the Constitution a Grant of Powers,
120; Phraseology of National and
State Constitutions, 120; Implied
Powers, 121; Powers Delegated, Pro-
hibited, Reserved, 121; Concurrent
Powers, 122; Constitutional Pre-
sumptions, 123; Method of Study,
HOUSES, THE SEPARATE, POWERS OF,
176-181.- The Houses, Judges, etc.,
176; Contests in House of Representa-
tives, 176; Quorums, 177; Counting a
Quorum, 177; Power to Compel At-
tendance, 177; A Call of the House,
178; Power to Make Rules, etc., 178;
Punishment and Expulsion, 179;
Modes of Voting, 179; Dilatory Mo-
tions, 180; Adjournment, 180; Power
to Punish for Contempt, 180.
GOVERNMENT, LOCAL, 397-408. - The
Town System, 398; Continuity of
New England Life, 398; the New
England Town, 398; Town Meeting,
398; Town Officers, 399; the County,
399; the County System, 399; Ex-
tent of, 399; the County, 400; the
Township, 401; the Mixed System,
401; Two Types, 401; the County,
402; the Township, 402; Blending
of Elements in the West, 403; Penn-
sylvania Type in the West, 403; New
York Type in the West, 404; Changes
of Type, 404; Relative Merits of the
Several Systems, 404; Municipal Gov-
ernment, Need of, 405; City and
State, 405; the City Constitution, 406;
the City Legislature, 406; the City
Executive, 406; City Departments,
406; City Judiciary, 407; Municipal
Reform, 407; France and the United
States, 407; Local Government and
Centralization, 408.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, THE
COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION OF,
147-154. Representative's Term, 147;
Representatives Elected by the Peo-
ple, 147; Original Qualifications of
Representatives, 148; Apportionment
in Federal Convention, 149; Ratios
and apportionments, 150; Each State
to have One, 150; Representation
and Suffrage, 151; Vacancies, 151;
the Speaker, etc., 151; Amendment
XIV., 152; Origin of Three-fifths Rule,
152; Effects of the Rule, 153; Amend-
ments XIII., XIV., 153; the Census,
153; Indians Not Taxed, 153.
IMPEACHMENTS, 170-175.-An Impeach-
ment Defined, 170; Steps to be Taken,
170; Trial Court, 171; Mode of Trial,
172; Judgment, 172; Limitation of
the Power, 173; Grounds of Impeach-
ment, 173; Two-thirds Vote, 174; Im-
peachment Cases, 174; the Blount
and Belknap Cases, 175.
JUDICIAL POWER, THE, VESTING OF,
292-295.-Period of the Confeder-
ation, 292; Judiciary Act of 1789, 293;
Provisions of the Judiciary Act, 293;
Present Organization of Original
Courts, 293; the Circuits, etc., 294;
Judges' Tenure of Office, 295; Com-
pensation of the Judges, 295.
JUDICIAL POWER, THE, EXTENT OF,
297-300.-Cases, 297; Law and Equity,
297; the Constitution, Laws, and
Treaties, 298; Classes of Cases, 298;
Chisholm v. Georgia, 299; Amend-
ment XI., 300.
JUDICIARY, THE. See "Law, Constitu-
tional."
JURY, TRIAL BY, 306-311.-Place of
Trial,307; Right to a Speedy Trial, 308;
the Grand Jury, 308; Presentment and
Indictment, 308; Jeopardy of Life or
Limb, 309; No Man Compelled to be
a Witness Against Himself, 309; Tak-
ing Private Property for Public Use,
309;
the Common Law, 309; Due
Process of Law, 310; Amendment
VIII., 310; Limitations of Foregoing
Provisions, 310.
JUDICIARIES, THE STATE, 388-391.-
Vesting the Judicial Power, 388; The
Justice's Court, 388; County Court,
388; Probate Court, 389; Superior
Court, 389; Supreme Court, 389;
Court of Appeals, 389; Appointment
of Judges, 390; Tenure of Judges, 390;
Officers of Courts, 390; Jurisdiction
390; Trial by Jury, 391.
LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL, 3:8-322.- The
Government, Constitu-
tional, 318; Constitutional Decisions,
319; Meaning of Unconstitutional,
319; Exercise of the Power, 319;
Case Must Arise, 320; Political Power
of the Judiciary, 320; the Courts and
Development of the Constitution,
321; the National Judiciary, 321.
LAWS, ENACTING OF, 187-193.-Contro-
versy over Clause in Relation to Rey-
enue Bills, 187; Origination of Money
Bills, 188; Reason of the Rule in the
United States, 189; Reason for the
Veto Power, 189; Effects of a Refusal
to Sign, 190; the Veto in Convention,
190; Bills, Orders, and Resolutions,
191; Presidential Vetoes, 191; Limita-
tions of the Veto, 192; the Commit-
tee System, 192.
LEGISLATIVE POWER, THE VESTING OF,
144-146.-Congress Bicameral, 144;
Names of the Legislature and the
Houses, 144; True Theory of Repre-
sentation, 145; Right of Instruction,
LEGISLATURES, THE STATE, 378-383.—
Names, 378; Names of Two Houses,
378; Terms of Senators and Repre-
sentatives, 378; Pay of Senators and
Representatives, 379; Number of
Members, 379; Apportionment, 379;
Representative Population, 380; Dis-
tricting the States, 380; Legislative
Sessions, 381; Length of Sessions,
381; Powers of Separate Houses, 381;
Legislative Powers, 381; Legislative
Powers Reserved, 382; Modes of Leg-
islation, 382; Enacting Laws, 383.
OFFICE, ELIGIBILITY TO. See
frage."
POLITICS, THE Science of, 9-24.-Man
a Social Being, 9; Society Defined,
10; Rights and Duties, 10; Social
Progress, 10; Office of Government,
11; Government Coercive, 11; Poli-
tics Defined, 11; the State, 12; the
Nation, 12; the State and the Gov-
ernment, 13; Sovereignty, 14; Histor-
ical Theory of State, 14; Patriarchal
Societies, 15; Theory of Contract, 15;
Refutation of Theory of Contract, 16;
Theological Theory of State, 16; Aris-
totle's Division of Government, 17;
Monarchy, 17; Democracy, 17; Aris-
tocracy, 17; Mixed Governments, 17;
Immediate and Representative Gov-
ernments, 18; Representative Gov-
ernment, 18; the Republic, 18; Cen-
tralized and Dual Governments, 19;
Forms of Dual Governments, 19; Fed-
eral Government, 19; Advantages of
Centralized and Dual Governments,
20; Civil Government, 20; Civil and
Political Rights, 20; Civil and Politi-
cal Liberty, 21 Kinds of Constitu-
tions, 21; Constitutions of the People,
22; Constitutions of the Government,
22; Constitutional Governments, 22;
Written Constitutions, 22; Unwritten
Constitutions, 23; Advantages of the
Two Kinds of Constitutions, 23; Im-
proving Government by Evolution,
23; by Revolution, 23.
PRESIDENT, THE,
QUALIFICATIONS
AND REMOVAL OF, 265-268.—Qualifi-
cations of the President, 265; the
Vice-President, 265; Removal of the
President, etc., 266; the Presidential
Succession, 266; Objections to Old
Rule, 267; Salaries, 268; President's
Inauguration, 268.
PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT,
ELECTION OF, 251-256.-Mode of Elec-
tion, 251; Convention's First Decis-
ion, 251; Objections to Election by
Congress, 252; Objections to Popular
Election, 252; Electoral Plan, 252;
Plans of Appointing Electors, 253;
First Mode of Procedure, 253; Three
First Presidential Elections, 254;
Election of 1800, 254; Amendment
XII., 254; Election of 1825, 256; Elec-
tion of 1876, 256; the Electoral Com-
mission, 257; Law of 1887, 257; the
Vice-President, 257; Days Fixed, 258;
Table, etc., 259.
PRESIDENT, THE, POWERS AND DUTIES
OF, 269-283.-The President Com-
mander-in-Chief of Army and Navy,
269; Reprieves and Pardons, 269; the
Treaty-making Power, 270; Steps in
Making a Treaty, 270; Congress and
the Treaty Power, 271; Jay's Treaty,
272; Scope of Treaty-making Power,
272; Relation of a Treaty to the
Constitution and Laws, 273; Officers
of the United States, 273; Classes of
Officers, 274; Employes of the Gov-
ernment, 274; Vesting Appointing
Power, 274; Nomination and Confir-
mation, 275; Courtesy of the Senate,
275; Power of Removal, 276; remov-
als from Office, 276; the Spoils Sys-
tem, 277; Civil Service Reform, 277;
Tenure of Office Act of 1867, 278;
Present Rule of Removals, 278; Pub-
lic Ministers, 279; the Army and
Navy, 279; Consuls, 280; President's
Relation to Foreign Affairs, 280; the
President's Message, 281; Special
Sessions, 281; Reception of Ministers,
282; Right of Dismissal, 282; Presi-
dent to Execute the Laws and Com-
mission Officers, 283.
RATIFICATION, 350-351.-Article VII.,
350; Reasons for, 350; Status of States
not Ratifying, 350.
RECONSTRUCTION.
REPRESENTATIVES, APPORTIONMENT
UNDER THE CONSTITUTION, 155-
159.- Meaning of the Rule, 155;
Method of, 1793-1843, 155; Attempt to
Change the Rule in 1832, 156; Method
of 1843, 156; Method of 1853-1863, 157;
Ninth and Tenth Censuses, 157; Elev-
enth Census, 157; Tables, etc., 158, 159.
SENATE, THE, COMPOSITION AND OR-
GANIZATION OF, 160-163.-Number,
Election, and Term, of Senators, 160;
Classes of Senators, 161; Senate a
Permanent Body, 161; Senator's
Qualifications, 162; Vice-President's
Vote, 162; Officers of the Senate, 163.
SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES,
RIGHTS OF, 182-186.-Members of
Congress to be Paid, 182; National
Payment, 182; Compensation left to
Congress, 183; Retroactive Compen-
sation, 183; Exemption from Arrest,
184; Not to be Questioned, 184; Rea-
son of the Rule, 185.
SLAVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION, 357-
368.-Slavery, North and South, 357;
Free and Slave States, 357; the Mis-
souri Compromise, 357; the Admis-
sion of Texas, 357; the Mexican An-
nexations and Wilmot Proviso, 358;
Compromise of 1850, 358; North
and South, 359; Repeal of Missouri
Compromise, 359; Position of Parties
in 1856, 359; Dred Scott Decision, 359;
Presidential Election of 1860, 360;
Emancipation Proclamation, 360;
Amendment XIII., 361; Amendment
XIV., 362; Citizenship Defined, 363;
Due Process of Law, 363; Reason for
the Apportionment Clause, 364; Ob-
ject of Section Three, 365; Object of
Section Four, 366; Amendment XV.,
366; Effect of Amendments XIII-XV.,
366; Civil Rights Act, 367; Amend-
ments Proposed but not Ratified, 368.
STATES, THE, LIMITATIONS OF, 243-
247.-General Reasons, 243; Reasons
for Prohibitions, 243; Bills of Credit,
243; Obligation of a Contract, 244;
Dartmouth College Case, 244; No
Prohibition on Congress, 245; Statute
of Limitations, 245; Inspection Laws,
245; Limits of this Power, 246; Ton-
nage Duties, 246; State Troops,
Ships of War, etc., 246; the States
not Sovereign, 247.
STATES, THE, NATIONAL GUARANTEES
TO, 336-339.-The States Republican,
336; Congress to Decide, 336; Inva-
sion and Domestic Violence, 337; Pro-
cedure in Cases of Violence, 337; Rea-
sons for Distinction, 337; Direct Re-
lation of National Authority to Do-
mestic Violence, 338.
STATES, THE, RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF,
323-326.-Public Acts, Records, etc.,
323; Privileges and Immunities, 323;
a Citizen Defined, 324; Fugitives
from Justice, 324; Surrendering Fu-
gitives from Justice, 325; Fugitives
from Service, 325.
STATES, NEW, 327-335.-Western Land
Claims, 327; Western Sessions, 328;
Division of Old States, 329; Admis-
sion of New States, 329; Territorial
Growth, 330; Territory and Terri-
tories, 330; Ordinance of 1787, 330;
the Northwest Territory, 331; Types
of Territorial Government, 331; Pro-
hibition of Slavery in the Northwest,
332; Status of a Territory, 332; New
States, list of, 333; West Virginia, 334.
STATES, THE, RELATIONS OF, TO THE
UNION, 369-371.- National Constitu-
tion Half a Political System, 369; the
Union Dependent upon the States,
369; Proper State Sphere, 370; Rela-
tions of Citizen to the Two Jurisdic-
tions, 370.
SUFFRAGE, 392-396.-How fixed, 392;
Common Rule of Suffrage, 392; Citi-
zenship, 392; Residence, 392; Race,
393; Education, 393; Registration,
393; Religion, 393; Various Disqualifi-
cations, 394; Woman's Suffrage, 394;
Cumulative Voting, 394; Modes of
Voting, 395; Holding Office, 395; Re-
ligious Tests, 395.
TERRITORIAL SYSTEM, THE. See
"States, New."
TREASON, 312--317.-The Crime of, 312;
Abuses of the Punishment of, 312;
Levying War, 313; Giving an Enemy
Aid and Comfort, 313; Modes of Con-
viction, 314; the Punishment De-
clared, 314; the Common Law Punish-
ment, 315; Attainder of Treason, 315;
Power of Congress over Attainder,
315; Meaning of Limitation, 316;
Treason Against a State, 316.
UNION, THE, FORMATION OF, 64-72.—
Relations of the Colonies, 64; the
United States, 65; Colonies Reorgan-
ized as States, 65; the First Consti-
tutions, 66; Source of New Constitu-
tions, 66; Models of New Constitu-
tions, 67; Transition from Colony to
State, 67; the Union, 68; the Ameri-
can State, 69; Consolidation of Colo-
nies, 69; United Colonies of New Eng-
land, 69; Penn's Plan of Union, 69;
Wars with French and Indians, 70;
Albany Congress of 1754, 70; Stamp
Act Congress, 70; Congress of 1774,
71; Congress of 1775, 71; Continental
Congress, 71; the Union Established,
72; New Political Vocabulary, 72.
UNION, THE, LIMITATIONS OF, 236-242.
-Reasons for such Limitations, 236;
the Slave Trade, 236; Habeas Corpus
in England, 237; Operation of
the Writ, 237; Cases of Suspension,
238; Who Shall Suspend? 238; Mili-
tary Arrests in Civil War, 238; the
Milligan Case, 239; a Bill of Attain-
der, 239; Ex-Post Facto Laws, 240;
Export Duties, 240; Preferences as to
Ports, 241; Entering and Clear-
ing, 241; Congress Controls the
Treasury, 241; Titles of Nobility and
Presents, 242.
UNION, THE, SUPREMACY OF, 343-345.—
Validity of the Public Debt, 343;
Weak Point in a Federal System, 343;
the Supreme Law, 344; State Judges
Bound, 344; Oath Prescribed, 344;
Limit of the National Supremacy,
345; No Religious Test, 345.
UNION, THE, THEORIES OF, 346-349.-
State Sovereignty, 346; Secession of
Eleven States, 346; the National
Theory, 347; Status of Seceding States
during the Rebellion, 348; Supreme
Court View, 348; Antagonistic Theo-
ries, 349.
WAR, THE CIVIL. See "Union, The,
Theories of."
AMERICAN STATESMEN. - Hamilton,
Jefferson, Madison, John Adams,
John Marshall, Samuel Adams, Pat-
rick Henry, Gouverneur Morris,
Washington, Franklin, and Jay.
ANDREWS, I. W.-Manual of the Con-
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ANNALS OF CONGRESS.
ANSON, Sir W. R.-The Law and Cus-
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ARISTOTLE.-The Politics.
ATLANTIC MONTHLY, THE, April, 1894.
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BAGEHOT, WALTER.-The English Con-
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BANCROFT, GEORGE.-History of the
United States; History of the Con-
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BENTON, T. H.-Abridgment of the De-
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BISHOP, C. F.-History of Elections in
the American Colonies.
BOONE, R. H.-Education in the United
BORGEAUD, CHARLES. - Adoption and
Amendment of Constitutions in
Europe and America.
BOURINOT, J. G.-A Manual of the
Constitutional History of Canada
from the Earliest Period to the year
1888, including the British North
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BROWN, ALEXANDER.-The Genesis of
the United States.
BRYCE, RT. HON. JAMES.-The Ameri
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(The Contemporary Review, July, 1893.
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BUREAU OF EDUCATION. - Report of
Commissioner for 1868.
BURGESS, J. W.-Political Science and
Constitutional Law.
BURKE, EDMUND.-Speech on Taxation
of America; Speech on Conciliation
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CALHOUN, J. C.-Works of.
CAMPBELL, DOUGLAS.-The Puritan in
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CHALMERS, GEORGE.-Political Annals
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COINAGE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES,
1792-1894.-Fourth edition, prepared
under the direction of the Committee
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COMPAYRE, GABRIEL.
Practical Pedagogy.
COMPENDIUM OF THE UNITED STATES
CENSUS, THE, 1870.
CONGRESSIONAL DEBATES.-Annals of
Congress and Congressional Record,
inclusive.
CONKLING, A. R.-City Government in
the United States.
COOLEY, T. M.-Constitutional Limita-
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Law; Comparative Merits of Written
and Prescriptive Constitutions.
COXE, BRINTON. — Judicial Power and
Unconstitutional Legislation.
CRAIK, HENRY, THE ENGLISH CITI-
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Rights and Responsibilities..
CREEHORE, C. F.- The Teaching of
Civics in the Schools; The Founda-
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CUNNINGHAM, C. D.-The Swiss Con-
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CURRIER, C. F. A.-Constitution and
Organic Laws of France from 1875 to
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