Boards, 412; County Supervision, 413; Town and District Administration, 413; City Administration, 413; Certifi- cating Teachers, 414; Public-land En- dowments of Common Schools, 414; The Educational Grant of Lands, 415; Funds Provided by the State, 416; School Income, 416; Local Taxes, 416; Miscellaneous, 416; Modes of Distrib- uting Funds, 416; Free Schools, 417. ELECTORAL PLAN, THE, FAILURE OF, 261; 260-264.-Party Government, Nomination by Consent, 261; Nom- ination by Congressional Caucus, 262; Nomination by State Legislatures, 262; Nomination by National Conven- tions, 262; The Caucus System, 262; Effect of the Caucus System, 263; Steps in Election of President and Vice-President, 263; Irregularities in Elections, 264.
ELECTIONS, See "Suffrage." EXECUTIVES, THE STATE, 384-387.- Vesting the Executive Power, 384; Elections, Terms, and Salaries, 384; Duties of the Governor, 384; Execu- tive Departments, 385; Governor's Relations to Heads of Departments, 386; Lieutenant-Governor, 386. EXECUTIVE POWER, THE, VESTING OF, 248-250.-Need of a National Execu- tive, 248; An Independent Executive 248; A Single Executive, 249; Style and Title of Executive, 249; Length of Term and Re-eligibility, 250. GOVERNMENT, THE AMERICAN, NA- TURE OF, 418-422.-The United States a Federal Republic, 418; Features of Federal States, 418; Origin of Fed- eral States, 418; Advantages of Fed- eral States, 419; Disadvantages, 419; Dual Constitution of the United States, 419; Relations of two Systems, 420; Relative Prominence of the two Jurisdictions, 420; Nature of the Na- tional Government, 421; Complexity of the System, 421. GOVERNMENTS, THE NATIONAL AND STATE, 117-124.-Priority of the States, 118; First Division of Powers, 119; Second Division of Powers, 119; In- herent and Delegated Powers, 120; the Constitution a Grant of Powers, 120; Phraseology of National and
State Constitutions, 120; Implied Powers, 121; Powers Delegated, Pro- hibited, Reserved, 121; Concurrent Powers, 122; Constitutional Pre- sumptions, 123; Method of Study,
HOUSES, THE SEPARATE, POWERS OF, 176-181.- The Houses, Judges, etc., 176; Contests in House of Representa- tives, 176; Quorums, 177; Counting a Quorum, 177; Power to Compel At- tendance, 177; A Call of the House, 178; Power to Make Rules, etc., 178; Punishment and Expulsion, 179; Modes of Voting, 179; Dilatory Mo- tions, 180; Adjournment, 180; Power to Punish for Contempt, 180. GOVERNMENT, LOCAL, 397-408. - The Town System, 398; Continuity of New England Life, 398; the New England Town, 398; Town Meeting, 398; Town Officers, 399; the County, 399; the County System, 399; Ex- tent of, 399; the County, 400; the Township, 401; the Mixed System, 401; Two Types, 401; the County, 402; the Township, 402; Blending of Elements in the West, 403; Penn- sylvania Type in the West, 403; New York Type in the West, 404; Changes of Type, 404; Relative Merits of the Several Systems, 404; Municipal Gov- ernment, Need of, 405; City and State, 405; the City Constitution, 406; the City Legislature, 406; the City Executive, 406; City Departments, 406; City Judiciary, 407; Municipal Reform, 407; France and the United States, 407; Local Government and Centralization, 408.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, THE COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION OF, 147-154. Representative's Term, 147; Representatives Elected by the Peo- ple, 147; Original Qualifications of Representatives, 148; Apportionment in Federal Convention, 149; Ratios and apportionments, 150; Each State to have One, 150; Representation and Suffrage, 151; Vacancies, 151; the Speaker, etc., 151; Amendment XIV., 152; Origin of Three-fifths Rule, 152; Effects of the Rule, 153; Amend- ments XIII., XIV., 153; the Census, 153; Indians Not Taxed, 153.
IMPEACHMENTS, 170-175.-An Impeach- ment Defined, 170; Steps to be Taken, 170; Trial Court, 171; Mode of Trial, 172; Judgment, 172; Limitation of the Power, 173; Grounds of Impeach- ment, 173; Two-thirds Vote, 174; Im- peachment Cases, 174; the Blount and Belknap Cases, 175. JUDICIAL POWER, THE, VESTING OF, 292-295.-Period of the Confeder- ation, 292; Judiciary Act of 1789, 293; Provisions of the Judiciary Act, 293; Present Organization of Original Courts, 293; the Circuits, etc., 294; Judges' Tenure of Office, 295; Com- pensation of the Judges, 295. JUDICIAL POWER, THE, EXTENT OF, 297-300.-Cases, 297; Law and Equity, 297; the Constitution, Laws, and Treaties, 298; Classes of Cases, 298; Chisholm v. Georgia, 299; Amend- ment XI., 300. JUDICIARY, THE. See "Law, Constitu- tional."
JURY, TRIAL BY, 306-311.-Place of Trial,307; Right to a Speedy Trial, 308; the Grand Jury, 308; Presentment and Indictment, 308; Jeopardy of Life or Limb, 309; No Man Compelled to be a Witness Against Himself, 309; Tak- ing Private Property for Public Use, 309; the Common Law, 309; Due Process of Law, 310; Amendment VIII., 310; Limitations of Foregoing Provisions, 310.
JUDICIARIES, THE STATE, 388-391.- Vesting the Judicial Power, 388; The Justice's Court, 388; County Court, 388; Probate Court, 389; Superior Court, 389; Supreme Court, 389; Court of Appeals, 389; Appointment of Judges, 390; Tenure of Judges, 390; Officers of Courts, 390; Jurisdiction 390; Trial by Jury, 391. LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL, 3:8-322.- The Government, Constitu- tional, 318; Constitutional Decisions, 319; Meaning of Unconstitutional, 319; Exercise of the Power, 319; Case Must Arise, 320; Political Power of the Judiciary, 320; the Courts and Development of the Constitution, 321; the National Judiciary, 321. LAWS, ENACTING OF, 187-193.-Contro- versy over Clause in Relation to Rey-
enue Bills, 187; Origination of Money Bills, 188; Reason of the Rule in the United States, 189; Reason for the Veto Power, 189; Effects of a Refusal to Sign, 190; the Veto in Convention, 190; Bills, Orders, and Resolutions, 191; Presidential Vetoes, 191; Limita- tions of the Veto, 192; the Commit- tee System, 192.
LEGISLATIVE POWER, THE VESTING OF, 144-146.-Congress Bicameral, 144; Names of the Legislature and the Houses, 144; True Theory of Repre- sentation, 145; Right of Instruction,
LEGISLATURES, THE STATE, 378-383.— Names, 378; Names of Two Houses, 378; Terms of Senators and Repre- sentatives, 378; Pay of Senators and Representatives, 379; Number of Members, 379; Apportionment, 379; Representative Population, 380; Dis- tricting the States, 380; Legislative Sessions, 381; Length of Sessions, 381; Powers of Separate Houses, 381; Legislative Powers, 381; Legislative Powers Reserved, 382; Modes of Leg- islation, 382; Enacting Laws, 383. OFFICE, ELIGIBILITY TO. See frage." POLITICS, THE Science of, 9-24.-Man a Social Being, 9; Society Defined, 10; Rights and Duties, 10; Social Progress, 10; Office of Government, 11; Government Coercive, 11; Poli- tics Defined, 11; the State, 12; the Nation, 12; the State and the Gov- ernment, 13; Sovereignty, 14; Histor- ical Theory of State, 14; Patriarchal Societies, 15; Theory of Contract, 15; Refutation of Theory of Contract, 16; Theological Theory of State, 16; Aris- totle's Division of Government, 17; Monarchy, 17; Democracy, 17; Aris- tocracy, 17; Mixed Governments, 17; Immediate and Representative Gov- ernments, 18; Representative Gov- ernment, 18; the Republic, 18; Cen- tralized and Dual Governments, 19; Forms of Dual Governments, 19; Fed- eral Government, 19; Advantages of Centralized and Dual Governments, 20; Civil Government, 20; Civil and Political Rights, 20; Civil and Politi- cal Liberty, 21 Kinds of Constitu-
tions, 21; Constitutions of the People, 22; Constitutions of the Government, 22; Constitutional Governments, 22; Written Constitutions, 22; Unwritten Constitutions, 23; Advantages of the Two Kinds of Constitutions, 23; Im- proving Government by Evolution, 23; by Revolution, 23. PRESIDENT, THE,
QUALIFICATIONS AND REMOVAL OF, 265-268.—Qualifi- cations of the President, 265; the Vice-President, 265; Removal of the President, etc., 266; the Presidential Succession, 266; Objections to Old Rule, 267; Salaries, 268; President's Inauguration, 268. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT, ELECTION OF, 251-256.-Mode of Elec- tion, 251; Convention's First Decis- ion, 251; Objections to Election by Congress, 252; Objections to Popular Election, 252; Electoral Plan, 252; Plans of Appointing Electors, 253; First Mode of Procedure, 253; Three First Presidential Elections, 254; Election of 1800, 254; Amendment XII., 254; Election of 1825, 256; Elec- tion of 1876, 256; the Electoral Com- mission, 257; Law of 1887, 257; the Vice-President, 257; Days Fixed, 258; Table, etc., 259.
PRESIDENT, THE, POWERS AND DUTIES OF, 269-283.-The President Com- mander-in-Chief of Army and Navy, 269; Reprieves and Pardons, 269; the Treaty-making Power, 270; Steps in Making a Treaty, 270; Congress and the Treaty Power, 271; Jay's Treaty, 272; Scope of Treaty-making Power, 272; Relation of a Treaty to the Constitution and Laws, 273; Officers of the United States, 273; Classes of Officers, 274; Employes of the Gov- ernment, 274; Vesting Appointing Power, 274; Nomination and Confir- mation, 275; Courtesy of the Senate, 275; Power of Removal, 276; remov- als from Office, 276; the Spoils Sys- tem, 277; Civil Service Reform, 277; Tenure of Office Act of 1867, 278; Present Rule of Removals, 278; Pub- lic Ministers, 279; the Army and Navy, 279; Consuls, 280; President's Relation to Foreign Affairs, 280; the President's Message, 281; Special
Sessions, 281; Reception of Ministers, 282; Right of Dismissal, 282; Presi- dent to Execute the Laws and Com- mission Officers, 283. RATIFICATION, 350-351.-Article VII., 350; Reasons for, 350; Status of States not Ratifying, 350. RECONSTRUCTION.
REPRESENTATIVES, APPORTIONMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION, 155- 159.- Meaning of the Rule, 155; Method of, 1793-1843, 155; Attempt to Change the Rule in 1832, 156; Method of 1843, 156; Method of 1853-1863, 157; Ninth and Tenth Censuses, 157; Elev- enth Census, 157; Tables, etc., 158, 159. SENATE, THE, COMPOSITION AND OR- GANIZATION OF, 160-163.-Number, Election, and Term, of Senators, 160; Classes of Senators, 161; Senate a Permanent Body, 161; Senator's Qualifications, 162; Vice-President's Vote, 162; Officers of the Senate, 163. SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES, RIGHTS OF, 182-186.-Members of Congress to be Paid, 182; National Payment, 182; Compensation left to Congress, 183; Retroactive Compen- sation, 183; Exemption from Arrest, 184; Not to be Questioned, 184; Rea- son of the Rule, 185.
SLAVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION, 357- 368.-Slavery, North and South, 357; Free and Slave States, 357; the Mis- souri Compromise, 357; the Admis- sion of Texas, 357; the Mexican An- nexations and Wilmot Proviso, 358; Compromise of 1850, 358; North and South, 359; Repeal of Missouri Compromise, 359; Position of Parties in 1856, 359; Dred Scott Decision, 359; Presidential Election of 1860, 360; Emancipation Proclamation, 360; Amendment XIII., 361; Amendment XIV., 362; Citizenship Defined, 363; Due Process of Law, 363; Reason for the Apportionment Clause, 364; Ob- ject of Section Three, 365; Object of Section Four, 366; Amendment XV., 366; Effect of Amendments XIII-XV., 366; Civil Rights Act, 367; Amend- ments Proposed but not Ratified, 368. STATES, THE, LIMITATIONS OF, 243-
247.-General Reasons, 243; Reasons
for Prohibitions, 243; Bills of Credit, 243; Obligation of a Contract, 244; Dartmouth College Case, 244; No Prohibition on Congress, 245; Statute of Limitations, 245; Inspection Laws, 245; Limits of this Power, 246; Ton- nage Duties, 246; State Troops, Ships of War, etc., 246; the States not Sovereign, 247.
STATES, THE, NATIONAL GUARANTEES TO, 336-339.-The States Republican, 336; Congress to Decide, 336; Inva- sion and Domestic Violence, 337; Pro- cedure in Cases of Violence, 337; Rea- sons for Distinction, 337; Direct Re- lation of National Authority to Do- mestic Violence, 338.
STATES, THE, RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF, 323-326.-Public Acts, Records, etc., 323; Privileges and Immunities, 323; a Citizen Defined, 324; Fugitives from Justice, 324; Surrendering Fu- gitives from Justice, 325; Fugitives from Service, 325.
STATES, NEW, 327-335.-Western Land Claims, 327; Western Sessions, 328; Division of Old States, 329; Admis- sion of New States, 329; Territorial Growth, 330; Territory and Terri- tories, 330; Ordinance of 1787, 330; the Northwest Territory, 331; Types of Territorial Government, 331; Pro- hibition of Slavery in the Northwest, 332; Status of a Territory, 332; New States, list of, 333; West Virginia, 334. STATES, THE, RELATIONS OF, TO THE UNION, 369-371.- National Constitu- tion Half a Political System, 369; the Union Dependent upon the States, 369; Proper State Sphere, 370; Rela- tions of Citizen to the Two Jurisdic- tions, 370.
SUFFRAGE, 392-396.-How fixed, 392; Common Rule of Suffrage, 392; Citi- zenship, 392; Residence, 392; Race, 393; Education, 393; Registration, 393; Religion, 393; Various Disqualifi- cations, 394; Woman's Suffrage, 394; Cumulative Voting, 394; Modes of Voting, 395; Holding Office, 395; Re- ligious Tests, 395. TERRITORIAL SYSTEM, THE. See "States, New."
TREASON, 312--317.-The Crime of, 312; Abuses of the Punishment of, 312;
Levying War, 313; Giving an Enemy Aid and Comfort, 313; Modes of Con- viction, 314; the Punishment De- clared, 314; the Common Law Punish- ment, 315; Attainder of Treason, 315; Power of Congress over Attainder, 315; Meaning of Limitation, 316; Treason Against a State, 316. UNION, THE, FORMATION OF, 64-72.— Relations of the Colonies, 64; the United States, 65; Colonies Reorgan- ized as States, 65; the First Consti- tutions, 66; Source of New Constitu- tions, 66; Models of New Constitu- tions, 67; Transition from Colony to State, 67; the Union, 68; the Ameri- can State, 69; Consolidation of Colo- nies, 69; United Colonies of New Eng- land, 69; Penn's Plan of Union, 69; Wars with French and Indians, 70; Albany Congress of 1754, 70; Stamp Act Congress, 70; Congress of 1774, 71; Congress of 1775, 71; Continental Congress, 71; the Union Established, 72; New Political Vocabulary, 72. UNION, THE, LIMITATIONS OF, 236-242. -Reasons for such Limitations, 236; the Slave Trade, 236; Habeas Corpus in England, 237; Operation of the Writ, 237; Cases of Suspension, 238; Who Shall Suspend? 238; Mili- tary Arrests in Civil War, 238; the Milligan Case, 239; a Bill of Attain- der, 239; Ex-Post Facto Laws, 240; Export Duties, 240; Preferences as to Ports, 241; Entering and Clear- ing, 241; Congress Controls the Treasury, 241; Titles of Nobility and Presents, 242.
UNION, THE, SUPREMACY OF, 343-345.— Validity of the Public Debt, 343; Weak Point in a Federal System, 343; the Supreme Law, 344; State Judges Bound, 344; Oath Prescribed, 344; Limit of the National Supremacy, 345; No Religious Test, 345. UNION, THE, THEORIES OF, 346-349.- State Sovereignty, 346; Secession of Eleven States, 346; the National Theory, 347; Status of Seceding States during the Rebellion, 348; Supreme Court View, 348; Antagonistic Theo- ries, 349.
WAR, THE CIVIL. See "Union, The, Theories of."
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