1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
1. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
1. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State or the members of the Legislature thereof; is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
I. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil, or military, under the United States, or under (any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But
Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
1. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
1. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
AMENDMENTS, 340-342.-Need of the
Power, 340; Steps in Making an
Amendment, 341; Limitations of the
Power of Amendment, 341; Form of
Amendments, 342.
.AMENDMENTS I.-X., 352-356.
AMENDMENT XI. See "Judicial Power,
AMENDMENT XII. See "President and
Vice-President, Election of."
AMENDMENTS, XIII.-XV.,-See "Slav-
ery."
AMERICA INDEPENDENT,52-63.-Growth
of the Colonies, 52; Population, 53;
Wealth and Commerce, 53; Indepen-
dence Declared, 53; Cause and Occa-
sion of the War, 54; Idea of Nation-
ality, 54; England in 1603, 55; The
English Revolution of 1642, 55; Politi-
cal Character of the Colonists, 55;
The Growth of Free Sentiments, 56;
The English Revolution of 1688, 56;
Later Course of Events in England,
56; The Way Prepared for Separa-
tion, 57; American Theory of Colo-
nial Dependence, 57; British Theory,
58; Colonial System, 59; Navigation
Acts, 59; Moral Interests of the Colo-
nies Disregarded, 60; Compromise
Theory, 60; Close of the French and
Indian War, 61; British Theory put
into Execution, 61; No Taxation
Without Representation, 62; Mr.
Burke on Causes of American Dis-
content, 62; English and American
Liberty, 63.
BILL OF RIGHTS, THE, 352-356.-Ten
Amendments Made, 352; No State
Church, etc., 352; Sedition Law, 353;
Right to Bear Arms, 353; No Billeting
of Soldiers, 354; Freedom from
Searches, etc., 354; Enumeration of
Rights, 354; Powers not Delegated,
355; Amendments I.-X., a Bill of
Rights, 355; Application of the
Amendments, 355.
COLONIES, THE THIRTEEN ENGLISH,
PLANTED, 25-35.-Right of Discovery,
25; First Division of North America,
26; London and Plymouth Compa-
nies, 26; Colonies Planted by Com-
panies, 27; Colonies Planted by Pro-
prietors, 27; Voluntary Colonies, 28;
Agency of the Home Government,
28; Classes of Colonists, 29; Ideas of
English Colonists, 29; Rights of
Englishmen, 30; Virginia, 31; Mary-
land, 31; The Carolinas, 31; Georgia,
32; Plymouth Company, 32; Plym-
outh, 32; Plymouth Compact, 32;
Massachusetts, 33; Connecticut, 33;
Rhode Island, 33; New Hampshire,
34; New York, 34; New Jersey, 34;
Pennsylvania, 35; Delaware, 35.
COLONIES, THE, HOW GOVERNED, 36-
51.-Three Classes, 36; Common Poli-
tical Features, 37; Puritan Ileas, 38;
First New England Towns, 38; Influ-
ence of Physical Conditions, 38; Edu-
cation and Schools, 39; Old New
England Town, 39; Influence of the
System, 39; Early Virginia Life, 40;
Virginia Parish, 41; Virginia County,
41; Taxation, 41; Southern States
42; Influence of the System, 42:
Middle Colonies, 42; Local Govern-
ment in New York, 43; in Pennsyl-
vania, 43; Framework of the Central
Governments, 43; Powers of the Cen-
tral Governments, 44; Civil and Re-
ligious Rights, 44; Political Rights,
45; the Elective Franchise, 45; the
Saxon Township, 46; the Hundred,
47; the Shire or County, 48; the
Kingdom of England, 48; the Eng-
lish System Free, 49; Likeness of
the Colonies to England, 49; New
Modes of Government Rejected, 50;
Dual System, 50; the Governments
Growths, 50; English Colonies Com-
pared with New Spain and New
France, 50.
CONFEDERATION, THE, 77-86.- Source
of its Powers, 77; Name and Nature
of New Governments; Confederate
Congress, 78; Powers of Confedera-
tion, 79; Commands to the States,
79; Continental and Confederate
Governments, 80; Organization, 80;
Executive Departments, 80; Defects
of the Goverment, 81; the Question
of 1786, 81; Weakness in the War,
82; State of the Government, 82;
Dissolution of Congress Threatened,
83; State of the Country, 83; Causes
of Situation, 84; Attempts to
Strengthen Government, 84; Causes
of Failures, 84; Loss of Favorable
Opportunity, 85; Future Political
Parties in Embryo, 85.
CONGRESS, THE CONTINENTAL, 73-76.—
Source of its Powers, 73; No Written
Constitution, 73; Constitution of Con-
gress, 74; Powers Exercised, 74;
Articles of Confederation, 75.
CONGRESS, THE GENERAL POWERS OF,
194-237.-Necessity of Power of Tax-
ation, 194; Kinds of Taxes, 195; Direct
Taxes, 195; Duties, Imposts, and Ex-
cises, 196; Internal Revenue, 197;
Income Taxes, 197; Question of Con-
struction, 198; Extent of National
Authority in Relation to Loans, Coins,
and Currency, 199; Power to Borrow
Money, 199; National Bonds, 199;
Treasury Notes, 199; Legal Tender
Act, 200; Constitutionality of Act,
200; Are Treasury Notes Real
Taxability
Money? 201;
of Na-
tional Bonds, Notes, etc., 201; Re-
sumption of Specie Payments, 202;
Coinage in the Articles of Confedera-
tion, 202; Establishment of a Mone-
tary System, 203; Regulating Value of
Money, 203; Fineness and Weight
of Coins, 203; Change of Ratio, 204;
Demonetization of Silver, 204; Silver
Act of 1878, 205; Silver Act of 1890,
205; Repealing Act of 1893, 205; the
Mints, 206; Gold and Silver Certifi-
cates, 206; Banks of the United
States, 207; State Banks, 207; First
Fiscal Agents of the Government,
208; the Independent Treasury, 209;
Creation of the National Banking
System, 209; Features of
tional Banks, 209; Power to Regulate
Commerce, 211; Embargo and Non-
importation Acts, 212; Inter-State
Commerce Commission, 212; Anti-
Trust Act, 213; Original Package
Decision, 213; Navigation and Ton-
nage, 214: Police Power of the States
214;
Naturalization Defined, 215;
State Control, 215; Naturalization
Laws, 216; Process of Naturalization,
216; States May Confer Political
Rights, 217; Bankruptcies, 217; Uni-
formity of Weights aud Measures,
218; Counterfeiting, Need of Power
to Punish, 219; Counterfeiting De-
fined, 220; Punishment of, 220;
General Post Office, 221; Kinds of,
221; Miscellaneous Provisions, 221;
Clause Regulating Copyrights and
Patent Rights, 222; Reasons for the
Clause, 222; Law of Copyright, 222;
Steps to be Taken, 223; International,
223; Patent Rights, 224; Piracies and
Felonies, 225; Power to Declare
War, 226; Use of Power, 226; Letters
of Marque and Reprisal, 226; Clauses
Regulating Army and Navy, 227;
the Two Years' Provision, 227; Army
and Navy, 228; Rules and Regula-
tions, 228; Laws Concerning Militia,
229; Militia Called Into Service, 230;
District of Columbia, 230; Power to
Establish a Capital, 230; District of
Columbia Ceded, 231; Government of
District, 231; Forts, Magazines, etc.,
232; Doctrine of Implied Powers, 232;
the Theory Carried Into Practice,
233; Two Schools of Construction,
233; Limitations of the Two Schools,
233; Questions Involving Construc-
Political
tion, 234; Movement of
Thought, 235.
CONGRESSMEN, ELECTIONS OF, 164-169.
-State Control, 164; Limit of State
Control, 164; National Legislation,
165; Districting the States, 166; Rep-
resentatives at Large, 167; Election
of Senators, 167; Number of Sessions,
168.
CONSTITUTION, THE, FRAMED, 100-105.
-First Compromise, 100; Effects of
Compromise, 101; Second Compro-
mise, 101; Third Compromise, 101;
Stages of Progress, 102; Signing and
Adjournment, 103; Three Compro-
mises, 103; Second Convention Pro-
posed, 103; Spirit of Convention, 104;
Records and Reports, 104.
CONSTITUTION, THE, RATIFICATION OF,
106-113.-Constitution sent to Con-
gress, 106; Action of Congress, 106;
Reception of Constitution 107;
Friends of Constitution, 108; Its Ene-
mies, 108; Arguments against Consti-
tution, 108; No Bill of Rights, 109;
State Conventions Called, 109; Condi-
tional Ratification Proposed, 110;
First Ratifications, 110; Massachu-
setts Plan, 110; Remaining Ratifica-
tions, 110; Washington and Ratifica-
tion, ; Patrick Henry, 111; Fore-
shadowings of Political Parties, 112;
Course of History reviewed, 112.
CONSTITUTION, THE, GOES INTO OPER-
ATION, 114-116.-Second Resolution
of the Convention, 114; Action of
Congress, 115; Appointment of Presi-
dential Electors, 115; First Meeting
of New Congress, 115; Washington
Inaugurated, 116.
CONSTITUTION, THE, NATURE OF, 125-
130.-View of National Party, 126;
View of State Party, 126; The Pream-
ble, 127; Elements of Preamble, 127;
Source of Constitution, 128; Influence
of Words and Theories, 129; Consti-
tutions a Growth, 130.
CONSTITUTION, THE, SOURCES OF, 131-
136.-Fiat Theory of, 131; Organic
Theory of, 132; Relations of two Con-
stitutions, 132; Powers of Govern-
ment, 133; Departments of Govern-
ment, 133; Relations of the Three De-
partments, 134; Influence of State
Constitutions, 134.
CONSTITUTION, THE, AN OUTLINE OF,
137-143.-Parts of the Constitution,
137; Article I., 10 Sections, 137; Ar-
ticle II., 4 Sections, 139; Article III.,
3 Sections, 139; Article IV., 4 Sections,
140; Article V., 140; Article VI., 140;
Article VII., 141; Amendments I.-X.,
141; Amendment XI., 141; Amendment
XII., 141; Amendment XIII., 2 Sec-
tions, 141; Amendment XIV., 5 Sec-
tions, 142; Amendment XV., 2 Sec-
tions, 142; Objects of Review, 142.
CONSTITUTIONS, THE STATE, 372-377.-
The first Constitutions, 372; the Later
Constitutions, 373; Amendments, 374;
Constitutional Conventions, 374; Lim-
itations of the State Governments,
374; Scope of the Present Inquiry,
375; Three Departments, 375; As-
sumptions of the Constitution, 375;
Bills of Rights, 376; Fluctuations of
State Constitutional Law, 376,
CONVENTION, THE FEDERAL, CALLED,
87-90.-Conference at Alexandria, 87;
Virginia Resolution, 88; Convention
at Annapolis, 88; Action of Congress;
89; Action of the States, 90.
CONVENTION, THE, WORK BEFORE, 91-
99.-Meeting and Organization, 91;
Groups of Questions, 91; Relations of
Questions, 92; Nature of Government,
92; National Party, 93; State Party,93;
The Fundamental Question, 93; Rep-
resentation of Property, 94; Supplies
for Treasury, 94; Framework of Gov-
ernment, 95; Powers of Government,
95; Control of Commerce, 95; Slavery
in the Convention, 96; Conflicts of In-
terests, 96; Virginia Plan, 96; Jersey
Plan, 97; Reaffirmation of Virginia
Plan, 97; Character of the Conven-
tion, 98; Words "Strong" and
"Weak," 98; Composition of Large-
State Party, 98; Slavery in Colonies,
COURTS, THE SEVERAL, JURISDICTION
OF, 301-305.-Kinds of jurisdiction, 301;
Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court, 301; Appellate Jurisdiction, 302;
Circuit Courts, 303; Circuit Courts of
Appeals, 303; District Courts, 304;
Court of Claims, 304; Courts of the
Federal District and the Territories,
304; Concurrent Jurisdiction of State
and National Courts, 305.
DEPARTMENTS, THE EXECUTIVE, 284-
291.-Creation of such Departments
Assumed, 284; Department of State,
284; Department of the Treasury,
285; Bureaus in the Treasury Depart-
ment, 285; Department of War, 286;
Department of Justice, 286; Post
Office Department, 287; Department
of the Navy, 287; Department of the
Interior, 288; Department of Agri-
culture, 288; The Cabinet, 289; Exe-
cutive Responsibility, 289; Articles I.
and II., 290.
EDUCATION, STATE, 409-417.-No Na-
tional School System, 409; The State
Systems, 409; Common Schools, 409;
High Schools, 410; Normal Schools,
410; State Universities, 410; Agricultur-
al and Mechanical Colleges, 411; Em-
ployment of the State Machinery, 411;
State Boards of Education, 411: State
Educational Executive, 412; County
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