commanders shall be returned with seven guns, and of lieutenants commanding with five guns.

ART. 67. Officers of the army of the United States may be received in the same manner as is prescribed for officers of the navy of corresponding rank, when they visit the vessel of the senior navy officer in any port of the United States.

ART. 68. Upon the anniversary of the declaration of the independence of the United States, at the hoisting of the colors in the morning, all the vessels of the navy shall, when in port, be dressed, and so continue until the colors are hauled down at sunset, if the state of the weather and other circumstances will allow it. At meridian a salute shall be fired from every vessel in commission mounting over six guns, to consist of one gun for each State in the Union.

ART. 69. On the 22d day of February, being the anniversary of the birthday of Washington, a salute of one gun for each State in the Union shall be fired at meridian, from every vessel of the navy in commission mounting over six guns.

ART. 70. Ministers plenipotentiary of the United States, when they embark on board any vessel of war, to proceed on a foreign mission, or shall visit a vessel in a foreign port, shall be received in the same manner as an admiral commanding in chief.

ART. 71. Chargés des affaires, embarking for a foreign mission, or visiting a vessel of war in a foreign port, shall be received in the same manner as a rear admiral not commanding in chief, a consul general in the same manner as a captain commanding a squadron, but not in chief, and consuls in the same manner as captains.

ART. 72. Foreigners of distinction, not being naval officers in command, may, when they shall visit vessels of the United States, be saluted with a number of guns corresponding with their rank or quality, upon their leaving the vessel.

ART. 73. When naval or military officers of a foreign nation shall visit a vessel of the United States, they may be received with the same honors as officers of the United States of the same rank.

ART. 74. Forts or castles of the United States are not to be saluted by United States vessels of war.

ART. 75. The foregoing regulations in this chapter shall extend to navy yards, as far as they can be made to apply.

ART. 76. Salutes between vessels of war of different nations are considered national and not personal salutes. When a foreign vessel of war shall salute a vessel of the United States, her salute shall be returned, gun for gun.

ART. 77. Vessels of the United States may salute the vessels of war of other nations in foreign ports, on receiving an assurance of receiving gun for gun. But they shall never first salute any foreign vessel of war within the jurisdiction of the United States. If at anchor, one or more sails shall be loosed when a vessel is saluted.

ART. 78. Vessels of the United States may, upon their arrival in a foreign port, salute the place, upon receiving an assurance that their salute shall be immediately returned, gun for gun. The sails shall be furled when a port or place is saluted.

ART. 79. Vessels of the United States may fire salutes when in foreign ports, upon the celebration of any national anniversary of the

country to which the port belongs, or when the national anniversary of another country, in amity with the United States, shall be celebrated by the vessels of war of such country, which are lying in the same port.

ART. 80. Commanding officers of any fleet, squadron, or vessel, will, after anchoring in any foreign port, make the first visit to the commanding naval officer of the nation to which the port belongs, and to the authorities of the place, provided the usual'offers of civilities shall have been first made to them.

ART. 81. Whenever foreign vessels of war, of a nation in amity with the United States, shall arrive in a port of the United States where there is a vessel of the navy, or navy yard, the commanding officer shall send on board to offer any assistance which the foreign vessel may require; but he shall not himself visit the foreign officer till that officer shall have first visited him.

ART. 82. Vessels of war of the United States are never to lower their sails or flags in any part of the world to any foreign ship or ships, unless such foreign ships shall have first lowered, or shall at the same time lower their sails and flag to the vessels of the United States.

ART. 83. Upon the death of the President, or of an ex-President of the United States, the commanding officer of navy yards and of vessels in commission will cause minute guns to be fired on the day following the receipt of official intelligence, commencing at noon, and firing one gun for each State in the Union, and will display their colors at half mast during the day. Officers are to wear crape on the left arm for one month.

ART. 84. When the commander of a fleet, squadron, division, or vessel, shall die during his command, the colors, flags, and pendants of all the vessels present shall, when at sea, be hoisted half mast during the performance of the funeral service; and when in port, from the time of his decease until the funeral service shall be completed. At sea, when the body shall be committed to the deep, and in port, when it leaves the vessel to proceed on shore, the vessel in which he had been embarked shall fire as many minute guns as shall be equal to the number designated as the salute for officers of his rank and command.

ART. 85. When a lieutenant in actual service shall die, the colors of the vessel to which he had belonged shall be hoisted half mast during the performance of the funeral service when at sea, and, when in port, from the time the body leaves the vessel until the funeral service shall be completed. The full guard of the ship shall fire three vollies of musketry when the body is committed to the deep, or when it leaves the ship for the shore.

ART. 86. Upon the death of any warrant officer, the colors of the vessel to which he may have belonged at the time of his death, shall be hoisted half mast during the performance of the funeral service at sea, and, when in port, from the time the body leaves the ship until it reaches the shore, and the guard shall fire two vollies of musketry.

ART. 87. The funeral honors to be rendered to officers on service having assimilated rank with sea officers, shall be the same as is prescribed for sea officers of their respective ranks.

ART. 88. No military honors shall be paid, except between the ris ing and setting of the sun.

CHAPTER IV.

GENERAL REGULATIONS.

ART. 89. All officers are to be constant in their attention to their duties, never absenting themselves therefrom without the consent of their commanding officer, nor remaining out of the vessel to which they belong during the night, after the watch is set, without express permission to that effect from their commander.

ART. 90. All persons in the navy shall conduct themselves with perfect respect to their superiors, and show every proper attention to those under their orders, having due regard to their situation, and should invariably set an example of morality, regularity, and attention to duty.

ART. 91. If any officer shall consider himself to be oppressed by his superior, or observe any misconduct in him, he is not, on that account, to fail in his respect to him, but he is to represent, through the prescribed channels, [in the chapter upon Correspondence,] such oppression or misconduct, to the captain of the ship, the commander of the fleet or squadron, or to the Secretary of the Navy, as the circumstances of the case may require.

ART. 92. If any person belonging to the navy shall know of any fraud, collusion, or improper conduct in any agent, contractor, or other person employed in matters connected with the naval service, he shall report the same in writing, through the prescribed channel, to the proper officer, or to the Navy Department. But he must, in all cases, specify the particular acts of misconduct or collusion, and state the means of proving the same; and he will be held strictly accountable for any groundless or vexatious charge he may exhibit.

ART. 93. No person in the navy shall use any language that may tend to render officers or others dissatisfied with any service in which they may be engaged, or which may diminish their confidence in, or respect for, their superiors in command, or which may, in any manner, weaken that subordination which is essential to the security and usefulness of the navy; and it shall be the duty of any officer, who may hear such language, to reprove and suppress it in all inferiors, and to report them to the proper officer, if they disregard such interference.

ART. 94. No deviation is to be made from the directions which the navy commissioners may give, relatively to the construction, arrangement, armament, or equipment of vessels, without their previous sanction. Should cases of absolute necessity occur for a change, the alteration and the effects produced by it are to be reported to the navy commissioners as soon thereafter as practicable.

ART. 95. Every officer is strictly enjoined to avoid all unnecessary expenditure of public moneys or stores, and, as far as may be in his power, to prevent the same in others, and to encourage the strictest economy that may be consistent with the interests of the service; and all persons in the navy will be held answerable for any unnecessary or improper expense which they may direct or authorize.

ART. 96. No article of public stores is ever to be appropriated to the private use of any person, without the consent of the Navy Department, except in cases of distress, and by the order of the senior officer in command, who shall give the earliest information to the department of the circumstances, and shall be careful to take the best security which the

nature of the case will admit, so that the articles or their value may be refunded to the United States.

ART. 97. The United States are, in all cases, to receive credit for the actual proceeds of all bills of exchange. When practicable, the rate of exchange, at the time and place where the bill was negotiated, should be certified by the consul of the United States, or by three respectable merchants. The Secretary of the Navy must be immediately advised of every draft drawn, and the amount chargeable to each particular item of appropriation.

ART. 98. All persons employed in the navy, or for naval purposes, are strictly prohibited from having any concern or interest in purchasing or contracting for supplies of any kind for the navy, or in any works appertaining to it. Neither shall they receive any emolument or gratuity of any kind from any contractor or other person furnishing supplies, either directly or indirectly, on account of such purchases, contracts, or works.

ART. 99. Every person, whose signature is necessary for the passing of any other person's accounts, shall, before relinquishing his command, or leaving his station, sign all such as may be necessary for that purpose,.. upon being satisfied of their accuracy.

ART. 100. When the sun sets after 6 o'clock, the watch shall be set at 9 o'clock; and when it sets before 6 o'clock, it shall be set at 8 o'clock in the evening.

ART. 101. All lights and fires, excepting those necessary for the service of the vessel, or specially allowed by the commanding officer, shall be extinguished at the setting of the watch, and excepting the lights used by the commissioned and warrant officers, which shall be extinguished at 10 p. m., unless sooner directed by the commanding officer.

ART. 102. In the execution of criminal process issued by civil authorities, officers are required to furnish active assistance, when necessary, within their commands.

ART. 103. The commander of a fleet, squadron, or single ship, acting alone, shall, before leaving a port at which he may have received supplies, the bills for which require his approval, notify the persons who may have furnished the same to attend, at some specified time, with their accounts, so that none may be left without receiving his inspection and approval, should they be correct. The approval of the accounts must bear the date of the time of the approval, and the sum for which the account is approved must be written in words at length, not given in figures.

ART. 104. Within the United States, men are not to be transferred from vessels of one squadron or station, to vessels of another squadron or station, without the consent of the Secretary of the Navy, nor from one vessel to another of the same squadron, unless required for the public interests, or as authorized by the 174th article of chapter IX-" Command-ers of Vessels.”

ART. 105. No person in the navy is to be discharged before the expiration of his term of service, without the orders or permission of the Secretary of the Navy, or of the commander in chief of a fleet or squadron upon a foreign station.

ART. 106. When any person shall be transferred from one vessel, navy yard, or station, to another, the commander of the vessel, navy yard, or

station, from which they may be sent, shall take care that they are accompanied by a correct statement of their respective accounts, showing the date of their original entry into the service, the time when their service expires, their rating, the amount they may have received, and the amount still due to them; which statement shall be forwarded to the commander of the vessel, navy yard, or station, to which they may be sent, to be by him handed to the purser.

ART. 107. Gambling is strictly prohibited on board the vessels of the navy, and in navy yards.

ART. 108. Notwithstanding there are particular duties prescribed for different officers on board vessels by these regulations, yet it is not intended to limit their duties to those which are thus specified; but they are promptly to obey all orders which they may receive from their commanding officers, who will take care that every officer performs all his duties in a proper manner.

CHAPTER.V.

THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF A FLEET OR SQUADRON.

ART. 109. When an officer shall be appointed to the command of a fleet or squadron, he may, so soon as a vessel shall be appointed to receive him, or shall be placed under his command, hoist his proper flag, or distinguishing pendant, in such vessel, and wear it until his suspension, removal, or return to the United States.

ART. 110. The commander in chief of a fleet or squadron shall, as early as possible, inform himself of the state and condition of the vessels, and with the qualifications and character of the commanders and other officers, which are placed under his command, so that he may be able to select, for particular services, those best qualified to perform them.

ART. 111. He shall use every exertion to equip his fleet or squadron as expeditiously as possible, and make frequent reports to the Navy Department of his progress.

ART. 112. He shall, at all times, keep the fleet or squadron in the most perfect condition for service that may be practicable, and shall employ, for that purpose, the artificers and others belonging to the vessels under his command, in aid of such other means as may be deemed ne

cessary.

ART. 113. Immediately before sailing for foreign service, he must cause reports to be made to the navy commissioners, of the length of time for which the fleet is provided with provisions and stores; and he must, thereafter, give them such information as shall enable them to forward supplies in time to prevent the necessity of disadvantageous purchases abroad.

ART. 114. He shall order no alteration in navy yards, or vessels, without the consent of the navy commissioners, unless in cases of pressing emergency, of which he shall give them the earliest information.

ART. 115. He shall exercise no authority in a navy yard, unless it should have been placed under his direction by the Secretary of the Navy.