greater part of the people of this part of the country, are but illy calculated to judge of the propriety and neceffity of this war. Seated as we are, in the lap of cafe and fecurity, we are unconscious of the effects of the ftorm that howls without. Men can generally reafon with the moft philofophic calmnefs on the misfortunes of others-But to judge fairly of the neceffity of thefe expeditions, we fhould place ourselves in the fituation of our countrymen whofe fettlements border on the Indian country. Let us then for a moment convey ourfelves to our frontiers, and fuppofe ourfelves the inhabitants of a peaceful hamlet-Let us imagine ourselves the happy parents of a numerous family-Let us call up to our minds thofe ideas which we may fuppofe to fill the bofom of an affectionate parent, while viewing his family around him, and ere he retires to reft, planning fchemes for their future advancement, and pleafing himself with the idea, that their tender cares and attentions are to gild his hours in the evening of his life-Let us imagine ourfelves thefe parents, and that we have retired to reft with hearts overflowing with affection to 'our family, and with gratitude to heaven who hath given us those bleffings-Let us imagine our peaceful flumbers to be broken by the horrid yell of the favages; that but a moment is left us to fly naked from our habitations; and let us hear the agonizing cries of our expiring wives and children, who have fallen a facrifice to those barba rians, whose undistinguished flaughter regards neither fex nor age-To complete the fcene, let the coming morn prefent to us our once happy cot, the abode of peace and innocence, now a fmouldering heap of ruins, and the mangled corfes of our family ftrewed around, making death more horrible. While our blood ruas cold at the bare reprefentation of fuch a fcene to the mind, if we reflect that fuch tragedies are by no means unfrequent, we shall not wonder that the furvivors and fpectators of fuch fcenes fhould feel every pasfion of the foul aroufed to vengeance; and we fhould furely hold that government highly reprehenfible, that did not extend the arm of fociety to protect its inhabitants from the outrages of those barbarians whom force alone can bind. But, however various our fentiments may be refpecting the expediency of this war, there is no humane bofom but will lament, no generous heart but will revere those brave men who have fallen on this occafion. In the difcharge of the firft, the most facred of duties-in obedience to the call of their country, they facrificed their lives. To their memories, therefore, the crown of honour is due.-If we but for a moment paint to our minds the domeftic forrows which the death of those brave men has occafioned, there is no heart poffeffed of any fenfibility, but muft melt with tenderness at the recollection of their fate. By their deaths, widows and orphans, deprived of their protecting care, are left to ftruggle with an unfeeling worldBy their fall, the most tender, the moft endearing ties of the human heart, have been burst asunder; for, "There faithful Friendship 'midst the battle fell, "And Love-true love in bitter anguist died." To the feeling mind, there is perhaps no circumftance which gives fuch tender and generous emotions, as the contemplation of a brave man dying in the fervice of his countryStruck with the greatness of the facrifice, the mind, with an enthusiasm of affection, crowns his character with every virtue that can adorn humanity, and with the Poet exclaims, « "Tis not in war alone the brave excel, "To valor, ev'ry virtue is allied." This fentiment of veneration for heroic worth, has prevailed through every age of the world-It is this which is the incitement to thofe glorious deeds which "charm mankind through the deep periods of revolving time"And to this reward our gallant countrymen are juftly entitled. Though victory did not crown their endeavours, yet, could valor have attained it, it would have been theirs. By their glorious deaths, they have fealed the profeffions which in their lives they made, that they had devoted themselves to the fervice of their country. In her fervice they have gallantly facrificed their livesin tender remembrance by their adAnd long fhall that facrifice be held miring and grateful countrymen. "What tho' no fculptur'd urns appear "To mark their duft, yet Virtue's tear "The hallow'd earth shall lave; "The wand'ring Patriot there fhall figh, "There Sorrow cloud the Conqu'ror's eye, "That Valor could not fave.” M. Account of feveral Strata of Earth and Shells, on the Banks of York-River, in Virginia. By the Hon. BENJAMIN LINCOLN, Efq; F.A.A. HAT this earth, fince its for- fhells, of various kinds, about three Tmation, has met with great feet thick, with very little fand, or changes, and that the fhores, now covered with the tallest cedars and moft luxuriant plants, were once washed by the ocean, none can deny. The land between James-river and York-river, in Virginia, is very level; its furface being about forty feet above high-water mark. It appears to have arrived to its prefent height at different periods, far diftant each from the other, by means of the ocean: for, near York-to-wn, where the banks are perpendicular, you firft fee a ftratum of earth, about five feet high, intermixed with fmall fhells, which has the appearance of a mixture of clay and fand. On that lies, horizontally, a stratum of white fhells, the cockle, the clam, and others, an inch or two thick; then a body of earth, fimilar to that first mentioned, eighteen inches thick: and on that lies another thin body of small shells, then a third body of earth, about the fame thickness as the laft; and on that lies another body of white earth, mixed with them. On these lies a body of oyfter-fhells, about fix feet thick; then a body of earth to the furface. The oyster-fhells are fo united by a very strong cement, that they fall only when undermined, and then in large bodies, from one to twenty tons weight. They have the appearance of large rocks on the fhores, and are wafted by the frequent washing of the fea. All these different ftrata seem to be perfectly horizontal. After riding about feven miles from York-town, near the center between the two rivers, I discovered, at a place from which a large body of earth had been removed to a mill-dam, nearly the fame appearance as in the bank firft mentioned. What they call their stone, with which they build in York-town, is nothing more than fhells, united by a strong cement, which feems to be petrified in a degree, but is apparently affected by the weather. Account Account of a fubterraneous Paffage, and the fudden Defcent of a very large Current of Water from a Mountain, near Carlisle; also of a remarkable large Spring, near Reading, in Pennfylvania. By the fame. N the 2d of Auguft, being at Carlisle, in the ftate of Pennfylvania, I went to view a fubterraneous paffage, which had its entrance near a river into a rock. I followed it about two hundred and fifty feet: to this distance it was, in general, from fix to seven feet high, and about the fame in width. At the end of two hundred and fifty feet it divided into three branches. As they were fmaller, and more difficult to follow, and finding myfelf exceedingly chilled, (which coft me one of the fickest nights I ever suffered) I gave up the purfuit, though I had proceeded but about half the distance, as I was informed by Col. Butler, who had been near the end. It appeared to me that it was a water-course, as the rocks were worn smooth, and indented in the manner they ufually are by a long running of water over them. The appearance over head was curious; fome parts were fmooth like the fides; other parts reprefented various figures, formed by the water which had penetrated through the pores of the rock, and was now petrified and petrifying on its furface. The bottom was apparently earth and fmall ftones. About three years fince, the people in the vicinity of this town, who lived near the mountain which is about ten miles from the village, were alarmed by a current of water overflowing the banks of the river. The caufe they could not inveftigate, as there had been, the night before, but a small rain: however, they foon found the first effects of the water appeared within about twenty feet of the top of the mountain. Whether it burst forth from the mountain, or was a column of water from the clouds, has not yet been ascertained. The courfe in which it ran down the mountain was dry the next morning. On my return to Philadelphia, in A FABLE for SUGAR EATERS. THE BEE AND THE NEGRO. 7HY doft thou heave thefe long fea. They could not diftinguish Wigs faid a bee, perch- each other's moan, amidst the general ed on the clammy knot of a fugar cane, to the Negro who was ftripping it. "I am fparely fed, and my hand is feeble; the day is fultry; I am naked, fore with ftripes; the mufquitoes haunt me, and my talk is long. The overfeer draws nigh with his thong, and I await more lafhes." "Thou art greatly to be pitied." "Once I dwelt on the banks of the Senegal, I had then no master. An hour of toil in the cool breeze of dawn provided me with food. At noon I flept in the shady grove. At night I danced with my companions. I chose from among them the pearl tooth Nayanomi. Then I built a hut among palm trees, which I would climb with eager fpeed to fling upon her lap the golden date. I lurked for the fky bird with my arrows, and tangled in her hair the gaudy plumage. I fenced our maize field with thorny acacias, and circled a rice meadow with dykes. But thefe labours are fweet, they were all for Nayanomi. At length a fhip anchored on our coaft. The warmen's whoop fhrilled. Towns burned as they drew nigh: fetters clattered after them. Jonga and Nayanomi were feized. They were not chained together to pafs the howl of defpair. They were not fold to one owner. I hear not the ruftling of the canes that Nayanomi is fated to tend." "Thou art greatly to be pitied." "Twelve years, it is faid that we all die. Methinks I could yet work hard, if in twelve years I might earn the ranfom of Nayanomi. "And wherefore art thou made to work?" "That the whites may obtain a fweet drug for their friends beyond the fea." "I too make a sweet drug, and the white men beyond the fea might feed upon it. Mine is a life of pleasure. I love to wave my wings in the funfhine, to wander from flower to flower, riding in hoards of nectar; basking in fragrance, and humming the fong of content. When it rains, I find fhelter in my cell, and plafter its walls with an odoriferious ember. The white men are welcome to my work instead of thine; why will they not take it ?" "I know not. Perhaps the fetiches whom the whites worship, have joy in evil, and love the Negro's groans. They are mightier fetiches than ours! we must sub.nit." For the NEW-YORK MAGAZINE. Hoc habet animus argumentum, fuæ divinitatis quod mum divina debetat. SEN. 10 Remarks on the Chriftian Religion. buman literature. This remark has Socrates, Plato, Epictetus, and feveral others, have thought and written fo well, that their memories deferve to be highly refpected :-But what nobler and more inimitable morals-how much more extenfive, and yet adapted to all abilities, have defcended to us in the divine collections! It is greatly to be lamented, that the ftudy of the holy fcriptures is fo little relifhed, I had almost faid, fo much despised, in comparison of the pagan writers. In the fchools, to open an acquaintance with the politeft of the claffics, is undoubtedly a commendable outfet; but to be taught a greater admiration of them than of the prophets and infpired writers, is an extreme, and one that is more than ordinarily criminal. How common is it to hear perfons expreffing their utmoft fondness for the former, whilst the laft is feldom mentioned, or mentigned with much indifference! There are fublime fentiments in the Greek and Latin authors; but there is fomething too, which I cannot forbear to take notice of, that their characters were seldom suitable; one proof of which affertion we may borrow from Plutarch's life of Cato even that Cato who was famous for the rigid ftubbornnefs of his morality. -It is faid, that when his domeftics were worn out with hard labour, or grown past it, thro' increase of age, he would dismiss them, and show no But there are infinitely fublimer sentiments in the facred writings; and the lives of their infpired authors fhine illuftrious examples of their doctrine.-How becoming a dignified foul are the following reflections! The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away. Bleffed be the name of the Lord.' What! fhall we ' receive good at the hand of God, and fhall we not receive evil ?'— How happy would it be for mankind, if they would confent to, and regulate their practice by the glorious commands of our Redeemer, to do nothing but as we would be done by ;' to exercise our benignity even towards thofe who hate and who perfecute us! This propofition is contemned by too many, tho' we have it fo ftrongly recommended, not only by the words, but by the example of HIM who died for our falvation.Befides, a return of good offices for injuries is, indeed, the moft rational revenge; for by such a conduct we triumph over, confound and disgrace a malicious enemy; while by a contrary management, we feem to justify as well as inflame him. There are a beautiful variety of inftructions in holy writ, which can never be paralleled: they manifeft their heavenly original. If we make them our delight, they will alleviate all earthly calamity, and furnish an infallible remedy for every accident that |