may be not only carried on without great expences, but also ended within three months at fartheft.

XXXVI. Both Kings fhall take care, that judgment and sentence, in things taken at fea, be given according to the rules of juftice and equity, by perfons not fufpected or interested; and being once given by fuch judges as aforefaid, they fhall ftraitly charge and require their officers, and whom it fhall concern, to fee the fame put in due execution according to the form and tenor thereof.

XXXVII. If the ambaffadors of either King, or any other public minifters refiding with the other King, fhall happen to make complaint of any fuch fentence, that King to whom complaint fhall be made, fhall caufe the faid judgment and fentence to be re-heard and examined in his council, that it may appear whether all things requifite and neceffary have been performed according to the rules of this treaty, and with due caution: if the contrary fhall happen, it fhall be redressed, which is to be done at the fartheft within three months time.

Neither fhall it be lawful, either before the giving of the first sentence, or afterwards during the time of re-hearing, to unlade or fell and make away the goods in controversy, unless it happen to be done by consent of parties, and to prevent the perishing of the faid goods and merchandize.

XXXVIII. The faid Kings fhall have in each other's court their minifters, and in certain ports their confuls, for the better and more eafy communicating and propofing fuch things as they fhall think advantageous to the public intereft, or private concerns of any particular perfon.

XXXIX. No private injury fhall in any wife letten this treaty, nor fhall raise any difcord or hatred between the forefaid nations, but every man fhall anfwer for his own doings, and fhall be refponfible therefore;

therefore; nor fhall one man fuffer for that which another has offended in, by having recourfe to reprifals, or fuch like rigorous proceedings, unless juftice be denied or delayed longer than is fitting. In which cafe it fhall be lawful for that King, whofe fubject has received the injury, to proceed according to the rules and prescriptions of the law of nations, until reparation be made to the party injured; provided notwithftanding, that he have firft in due manner advertised the other King thereof.

XL. Alfo it is agreed, that if the Hollander, or any other nation whatfoever (the Swedish nation only excepted) hath already, or fhall hereafter obtain any better articles, agreements, exemptions, or privileges, than what are contained in this treaty, from the King of Denmark, that the fame and like privileges fhall be likewife granted to the King of Great Britain and his fubjects, effectually and fully, to all intents and purposes; and on the other fide, if the Hollander, or any other nation whatfoever, hath or fhall obtain from his Majefty of Great Britain, any better articles, agreements, exemptions, or privileges, than what are contained in this treaty, that the fame and like privileges fhall be granted to the King of Denmark and his fubjects alfo, in moft full and effectual manner.

XLI. It is alfo concluded, that former treaties and leagues, at any time heretofore made between the forefaid confederates or their predeceffors, Kings, as well for the kingdoms of Great Britain, &c. as for the hereditary kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, &c. refpectively, be not in the leaft reputed or taken to be broken and abolished by any agreement, covenants, or articles in the prefent treaty contained; but that the fame remain in full force, effect, and virtue, fo far as they are not contrary or repugnant to the prefent treaty, or any article therein contained.

XLII. Finally, it is covenanted, concluded, and agreed, that the forefaid Kings fhall fincerely and

bond

bona fide obferve all and fingular the articles contained and fet down in this treaty, and shall cause them to be obferved by their fubjects and people; nor fhall transgrefs the fame directly or indirectly, or fuffer the fame to be tranfgreffed by their fubjects or people, and shall ratify and confirm all and fingular the premises as before agreed, by letters patents fubfcribed with their hands, and fealed with their great feals, in good, fufficient, and effectual form, and fhall deliver the fame reciprocally within three months after the date of these prefents, or cause them to be delivered, in good faith and reality, and with effect.

Given at Copenhagen, the 12th day of July, 1670.

The following Explanation of the Third Article of the Treaty of Alliance and Commerce, which was concluded in 1670, between their late Majefties, Charles the Second, and Chriftian the Fifth, was made by a Convention, dated the 4th of July, 1780.

LES deux Souverains contractants s'engagent réciproquement, pour eux et pour leurs fucceffeurs, de ne point fournir aux ennemis de l'un ou de l'autre, en tems de guerre, aucun fecours, ni foldats, ni vaiffeaux, ni aucuns des effets et marchandises dites de contrebande; de défendre également à leurs Sujets de le faire; et de punir févérement, et comme des infracteurs de la paix, ceux qui oferoient contrevenir à leurs défenfes à cer égard. Mais, pour ne laiffer aucun doute fur ce qui doit être entendu par le terme de contrebande, on eft convenu, qu'on n'entend fous cette dénomination que les armes, tant à feu que d'autres fortes, avec leurs affortimens, comme canons, moufquets, mortiers, petards, bombes, grenades, cercles-poiffes, fauciffes, affuts, fourchettes, banderollieres, poudre, meches, falpêtre, balles, piques, épées, morions, cuiraffes, hallebardes, VOL. I. H

lances,

lances, javelines, chevaux, felles de cheval, fourreaux de pistolets, baudriers, et généralement tous autres affortimens fervant à l'ufage de la guerre, de même que le bois de conftruction, le goudron, ou poix réfine, le cuivre en feuille, les voiles, chanvres et cordages, et généralement tout ce qui fert directement à l'équippement des vaiffeaux; le fer non ouvragé, et les planches de fapin cependant exceptés.

Mais il eft expreffément déclaré, que, dans ce genre de marchandifes de contrebande, l'on ne comprend point le poiffon et la viande fraîche ou falée, les fromens, farines, bleds ou autres grains, les légumes, l'huile, le vin, et généralement tout ce qui fert à la nourriture et fuftentation de la vie; et ainfi toutes ces chofes pourront toujours fe vendre et tranfporter, comme les autres marchandises, même aux lieux tenus par un ennemi des deux Couronnes, pourvu qu'ils ne foient affiégés ou bloqués.

The

The HANSE TOWNS.

1435.

1578.

1673.

T

HERE were various treaties between England and the Hanfe Towns, from 1435 to 1578, when their peculiar privi leges, within this kingdom, were entirely abrogated by Queen Elizabeth.

Rym. Fæd. vol. x. p. 627-57-666. vol. xi. p. 217-645-729-739780-793.

The city of Hamburgh's inftrument, 12 Jan. obliging itself to pay 35,000l. as compenfation for the lofs of certain English fhips in the river Elbe.

1706. 11 Oct.

J711.

Pap. Off. R. 1.

The treaty of commerce with Dantzic.
Pap. Off. R. 4.

Board of Trade, Q: 14.

The convention with Hamburgh, about

31 Jan. the herring trade.

19

1728. 8 Feb.

1731.

Pap. Off. R. 5.

Board of Trade, O. 128.

The convention with Hamburgh, about the herring trade.

Pap. Off. R. 6.

Board of Trade, P. 165.

The convention with the city of Bremen,

17 Oct. touching the commerce of herrings.

Pap. Off. R. 7.
Board of Trade, V. 88.