Another bill which caused great excitement was one which removed the seat of government from Chillicothe to Cincinnati. The vote on this was much the same as on the former measure. It was a Federal measure and one which St. Clair especially favored. The inhabitants of Chillicothe were very indignant. A mob took possession of the town for two nights under the leadership of Baldwin, an enemy of the governor. The indignation of the mob was directed especially against those who had been outspoken in their desire for the removal of the capital to Cincinnati. They forced the door of the house in which the governor was staying, but did him no personal violence.

After passing thirty laws, the legislature adjourned on January 23, 1802, to meet at Cincinnati on the fourth Monday of November. The discontented minority in the House of Representatives took the matter of the removal of the seat of government to Congress, where the action of the Territorial legislature was reversed by a vote of eightyone to five.

Through the efforts of Harrison, the Territorial delegate, Indiana was set off from the remainder of the Northwest Territory as a separate government. The act became a law May 7, 1800, and provided that "From and after the fourth day of July next, all that part of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies westward of a line beginning at the Ohio opposite the mouth of the Kentucky and running thence to Fort Recovery and thence north until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and Canada, shall for the purpose of temporary government constitute a separate territory to be called Indiana Territory." This separation implied little change in the government of the Territory.

William Henry Harrison was appointed governor of the new Territory, and on his arrival in January, 1801, he called a meeting of the judges, but only a few laws were passed because the laws of the old Northwest Territory were considered in force in Indiana. It was not considered

necessary to reenact these laws, but the Indiana Territory, for convenience in administration, was regarded as a division of the old Territory. At this time Indiana was very thinly settled and the population comprised French settlements which were older than many of the prosperous cities of the east. These French towns were small and unprogressive, but many Americans had settled in them. This large French element in Indiana made the government a difficult problem. The French inhabitants cared little about the questions at issue in the colonies, but desired to be let alone in the enjoyment of their old laws and institutions. There was much fear on their part that their slaves would be taken from them, and as a result many of them left and went across the river into Spanish territory where slavery was allowed. They did not understand that the slavery clause was introduced to prohibit the importation and increase of slavery and not the prohibition of that which already existed.

We may notice briefly the disposal of the remaining sections of the Northwest Territory, reserving a fuller consideration for the chapters dealing with the admission of the several States.

After Indiana had been separated from the original Northwest Territory, Michigan was the next to follow. It was created a separate Territory in 1805 and was made up of that part of the original Territory bounded on the south by the Ohio line, on the north and east by the international boundary, and on the west by a line extending from the southern extreme of Lake Michigan through the middle of the lake to its northern part and thence north to the international boundary line. The government continued under the Ordinance of 1787 with Detroit as the capital. This Territory was greatly increased in 1818, when Illinois was admitted as a State. By its Enabling Act the northern boundary of Illinois became forty-two degrees thirty minutes north, and all the land north which had been a part of Illinois Territory now became a part of Michigan Territory. In 1834 this was further increased by the addition of the lands west

of the Mississippi as far as Missouri and White Earth Rivers, north to the international boundary, and south to the new State of Missouri. It was admitted as a State, with its present boundaries, in 1837. The population was small in the early history of the Territory, and on account of its distance from the east and the greater attractions of the more southern section, the emigration to it continued small for many years. In 1810 there was a population of only eight thousand four hundred. It entered upon the second stage in 1823. In 1832 the tide of emigration moved toward Michigan, and Detroit, because of its fine location, became more and more a trading centre. The ease of access and communication between the different parts of the peninsula through the advent of steam navigation gave it prosperity and a rapid increase in population. In 1830 its people numbered twenty-eight thousand, and four years later they had increased to eighty-seven thousand.

Four years after the separation of Michigan from the Indiana Territory, western immigration had brought in large numbers to the old French section, and it was erected into the separate Territory of Illinois. Its eastern line was the Wabash to Vincennes and then due north to the international boundary, which line formed its northern limits. The Mississippi marked its western and the Ohio its southern boundaries. Its population was about ten thousand and the people desired a separate government, because of the great distance from the seat of territorial authority, and the consequent lack of strength in the enforcement of the laws in the Illinois country. While additional expense would thus be brought upon the national government, this would be more than made up by the increased value of public lands. The Territory entered upon its second stage in 1812, and was admitted as a State in 1818, with its northern boundary line forty-two degrees thirty minutes north, extending from Lake Michigan to Mississippi River. This was a much more northern line than the one contemplated in the Ordinance, but it was changed

in order to give the people access to the great lakes and the east, instead of turning them to Mississippi River and making them commercially dependent on that river alone.

The last Territory to be organized was Wisconsin, and because it was what was left after the others were formed it was subjected to many changes of boundary and government. Originally a part of the Northwest Territory, on the first division it was included in Indiana; then with the separation of Indiana and Illinois, it became a part of the latter. Its next change, when Illinois became a State, was an incorporation into Michigan Territory, and when that became a State, the remainder was set off as Wisconsin Territory. Wisconsin was admitted into the Union in 1848.