Marine Pollution: Diagnosis and TherapyWhen, in 1966, the Gennan Research Society directed the attention of oceanographers in the Federal Republic of Ger many to problems of marine pollution, I was not enthusiastic. Emphasis on this problem area meant that other important research plans had to be postponed. But the lectures at the Third International Oceanographic Congress, September 1970, in Tokyo, and at the FAO Conference on Marine Pollution and its Effects on Living Resources and Fishing, December 1970, in Rome, convinced me that research on problems of marine pollution is a social obligation, and that the oceanographer has to take a stand. I issued public warnings about the continuing use of pesticides and had to defend myself against protests by the fishing industry and many colleagues who were, in Novem ber 1970, unaware of the extent of the threat. Thus, I was required by my profession to acquire an overview of the prob lems of ocean pollution. In 1971 I only needed to familiarize myself with some one hundred bibliographical items. In the interim, the flood of data has risen dramatically, and in the year 1975, no fewer than 868 publications under the heading of "Marine Pollution" were reported (Table 1). It is, therefore, more and more diffi cult to distinguish new results of scientific research from the many repetitions and variations, and I fear that from year to year my efforts to illustrate the actual status of the problem at a given moment will be subject to more gaps. |
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Page 69
... Ships The wealthy countries of the world produce , exclusive of kitchen leftovers , 1.6 kg of garbage per capita per day . There are human beings on passenger ships on the world's oceans for 17 million per capita days , and they produce ...
... Ships The wealthy countries of the world produce , exclusive of kitchen leftovers , 1.6 kg of garbage per capita per day . There are human beings on passenger ships on the world's oceans for 17 million per capita days , and they produce ...
Page 186
... ships above a certain size which are closer than 12 nautical miles to the land are not per- mitted to let unpurified sewage overboard . If they are not equipped with small sewage treatment plants of their own , they have to discharge ...
... ships above a certain size which are closer than 12 nautical miles to the land are not per- mitted to let unpurified sewage overboard . If they are not equipped with small sewage treatment plants of their own , they have to discharge ...
Page 188
... ships can dispose of their waste oil after an oil change and will not , as it is still done widely , leave it in the sea . In addition , the installation of separa- tors on ships which free the bilge water from leakage oil is required ...
... ships can dispose of their waste oil after an oil change and will not , as it is still done widely , leave it in the sea . In addition , the installation of separa- tors on ships which free the bilge water from leakage oil is required ...
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accumulate algae Amoco Cadiz amounts animals approximately Atlantic atmosphere average bacteria Baltic Sea beaches biodegradable birds bottom cadmium Chap chemical chlorinated hydrocarbons coast coastal areas components compounds concentration factor concentrations of mercury contains crude oil DDT concentrations dieldrin dispersants dry weight dumped eggs Escherichia coli Estuary eutrophication fall-out fauna Federal Republic figures fish harmful substances heavy metals Helgoland high concentrations higher increase industry km² larvae layer liver marine environment marine organisms marine pollution mercury concentrations mg/kg mg/kg of mercury mg/l million Minamata mussels natural North Sea nuclear nutrients ocean water oil accident oil pollution oil spill organic substances oxygen PCB's petroleum phytoplankton plankton poisonous production quantities radioactive regions Republic of Germany River samples seals seawater sediment ships species surface water Table tanker temperature tion tissues trace elements treatment plants tritium weight basis Weser zinc µg/l