Marine Pollution: Diagnosis and TherapyWhen, in 1966, the Gennan Research Society directed the attention of oceanographers in the Federal Republic of Ger many to problems of marine pollution, I was not enthusiastic. Emphasis on this problem area meant that other important research plans had to be postponed. But the lectures at the Third International Oceanographic Congress, September 1970, in Tokyo, and at the FAO Conference on Marine Pollution and its Effects on Living Resources and Fishing, December 1970, in Rome, convinced me that research on problems of marine pollution is a social obligation, and that the oceanographer has to take a stand. I issued public warnings about the continuing use of pesticides and had to defend myself against protests by the fishing industry and many colleagues who were, in Novem ber 1970, unaware of the extent of the threat. Thus, I was required by my profession to acquire an overview of the prob lems of ocean pollution. In 1971 I only needed to familiarize myself with some one hundred bibliographical items. In the interim, the flood of data has risen dramatically, and in the year 1975, no fewer than 868 publications under the heading of "Marine Pollution" were reported (Table 1). It is, therefore, more and more diffi cult to distinguish new results of scientific research from the many repetitions and variations, and I fear that from year to year my efforts to illustrate the actual status of the problem at a given moment will be subject to more gaps. |
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Page 17
... Rivers bring about 15 % , 800,000 t of nitrogen and 70,000 t of phosphorus per year . Nutrient input from rivers has increased very much over the past decades . The River Rhine , in 1932 , brought approximately 3000 t of phosphorus to ...
... Rivers bring about 15 % , 800,000 t of nitrogen and 70,000 t of phosphorus per year . Nutrient input from rivers has increased very much over the past decades . The River Rhine , in 1932 , brought approximately 3000 t of phosphorus to ...
Page 42
... River Rhine annually transported more than 90 t of mer- cury to the North Sea , partly dissolved in the river water , partly bound to suspended particles ( Table 8 ) . This amount is probably more than 20 times higher than the natural ...
... River Rhine annually transported more than 90 t of mer- cury to the North Sea , partly dissolved in the river water , partly bound to suspended particles ( Table 8 ) . This amount is probably more than 20 times higher than the natural ...
Page 218
... river and estuary 9 , 12 , 66 , 148 , 152 tin ( Sn ) 69 , 185 titanium dioxide pigment industry wastes 57 , 62 , 63 toluene 72 , 75 , 81 , 88 , 89 Torrey Canyon 85 , 92 , 95 , 98-99 tope see shark 27-28 toxaphene 167 toxicity 120-125 ...
... river and estuary 9 , 12 , 66 , 148 , 152 tin ( Sn ) 69 , 185 titanium dioxide pigment industry wastes 57 , 62 , 63 toluene 72 , 75 , 81 , 88 , 89 Torrey Canyon 85 , 92 , 95 , 98-99 tope see shark 27-28 toxaphene 167 toxicity 120-125 ...
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accumulate algae Amoco Cadiz amounts animals approximately Atlantic atmosphere average bacteria Baltic Sea beaches biodegradable birds bottom cadmium Chap chemical chlorinated hydrocarbons coast coastal areas components compounds concentration factor concentrations of mercury contains crude oil DDT concentrations dieldrin dispersants dry weight dumped eggs Escherichia coli Estuary eutrophication fall-out fauna Federal Republic figures fish harmful substances heavy metals Helgoland high concentrations higher increase industry km² larvae layer liver marine environment marine organisms marine pollution mercury concentrations mg/kg mg/kg of mercury mg/l million Minamata mussels natural North Sea nuclear nutrients ocean water oil accident oil pollution oil spill organic substances oxygen PCB's petroleum phytoplankton plankton poisonous production quantities radioactive regions Republic of Germany River samples seals seawater sediment ships species surface water Table tanker temperature tion tissues trace elements treatment plants tritium weight basis Weser zinc µg/l