"Genesee Farmer," 98.

Genesee Valley canal, 185.

George's Banks, cod fishery of, 881; halibut fishery of, 382.
Georgetown and Pittsburg canal, 188.

Georgia, colonial exports of, 137; railroad system of, 205;
silk culture in, 893.

Gibbs, James E. A. See Willcox & Gibbs.
Gilding metals, various modes of, 872.
Girard, Stephen, 139.

Glass, importance and uses of, 898; history of, 399; statistics
of, 400; materials of, 400; process of manufacturing, 401;
crown, 401; cylinder, 402; window, consumption and
imports of, 403; plate, 403; grinding and polishing, 403;
silvering, 404; bending, 404, flint, 404; colored, 405;
enamelled, 405; soluble, 405, bottle, &c., 405.
Gloucester, Mass., the mackerel business of, 883.
Gloves, skins for, 818; kinds and manufacture of, 826.
Glucose or grape sugar, 180.

Gold, discovery of, in California, 154; effect of, on the price
of labor, 107; as an article of export, 157.

Gold's steam-heating apparatus, 265.

Goodale and Marsh's steam excavator, 264.

Goodyear, Charles, invention of vulcanized rubber by, 410.
Government reads, 177.

Governor, the, of steam engines, 233,

Grain, trade in. at Chicago, &c., 76.

Granite for building, 859.

Grapes in California, immense growth of, 83.

Grass and hay crop, importance of the, at the North, 79.
Grasses first cultivated in New England, 20; progress in the
cultivation of, 80.

Grass seed, production of, 79.

Gravel roads, 176.

Gray, William. the ships of, 189.
Grazing in Texas, 102.

Great Britain, inadequate home production in, 71; trade
with, after the revolution, 138; comparative area of 157;
corn and pork exported to, 158; commercial advantages
of, 161; sources of the cotton of, 275, 277; progress of
manufactures in. 290.

Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad, 209.

Hanson, Timothy, propagator of timothy grass, 80.

Hargreaves' spinning jenny, 108, 275.

Harrow, improvements in the, 82.

Hat bodies, process of manufacturing, 349.

Hats, woollen, manufacture of, 805-6; early manufacture of,
348; superiority of American, 849; Improvements in
making, 849.

Hay, importance of, at the North, 79; progress in the pro-
duction of, 80; statistics of, 80; advantages and disad-
vantages of 80; geographical distribution of, 81; im-
proved quality of. 81.

Heating by steam, 265,
"Hell-gate" passage, 179.

Hemp, culture of, 89; at the West, 90.
Herd, discoverer of timothy grass, 80.

Herefords, improved by Tomkins, 40; imported into Ken-
tucky by Henry Clay, 48; characteristics of, 40; other
importations of, 49.

Herring fishery, the, mode of conducting. 881.

Herring, Silas C., manufacturer of fire-proof safes, 897.

Hiawatha, legend of, 68.

Hides, sources and statistics of, 817; kinds of, 817-18; prep
aration of, for tanning, 818, 320, 821; growing cost of, 828.
Hinckley and Drury, locomotive builders, 246.

Hittinger, Cook & Co.'s portable engine, 255; hoisting en-
gine, 256.

Hobbs, A. C., lock-maker, 897, 898.

Hogs, illustrations of, 61, 62; first importations of, 63; first
attempts at improving, 64; most profitable at the West,
64; proper mode of breeding, 64; mode of killing and
dressing at Cincinnati, 65; packing, 66; products of, 66;
statistics of, 66, 67.

Hoisting engines, 256.

Holland, S., on the mode of ascertaining horse-power, 228.
Holly on the caloric engine, 271.

Holly, of Seneca Falis, rotary engine of 252-8; pump of,
260, 263.

Homes and asylums for the aged and infirm, 454.
Honey, production of, 90.

Hops, culture of, 88; improvements in the management of,
88: inspection and classification of, 89; fluctuations in
price of, 89; statistics and geographical distribution
of, $9.

Hopper, Isaac T., prison associations organized by, 440.
Horizontal steam engines, 252.
Horrocks, loom patented by, 276.
Horse railroads in cities, 223.

Horse-power of steam engines, how obtained, 228.
Horses, improvement of, in half a century, 52; first imports-
tions of, 58; increase in speed of, 58; favorite varieties
of, for the road, 54; at the South, 54; statistics of, 54;
kinds used by the early colonists at the West, 75.
Horticultural societies. 81.

Horticulture, works on, 84.

Hose, rubber, manufacture of, 411.
Hosiery and fancy knit work. 308.

Hospitals in the United States, 449; in New York, Boston,
and Philadelphia, table of, 450.

Hospitals for the insane, 440; convention of superintendents
of, 442; cost and accommodations of, 443; table of, 444.
Houses, materials of, 855; building of, and speculation in,
857.

Hovey's "Magazine of Horticulture," 84.

Howard. E., originator of American watch-making, 870.
Howe, Elias, Jr., invention of the sewing machine by, 414;
proceedings of, 419; income of, 421; manufactory of, 429.
Howe, John J., pin machines of, 390.
Hudson river, navigation of, 234; steamboats on, past and
present, 240.

Hudson river steamboat, picture of, 194.
Hudson's Bay Company, 843.

Humanitarian and corrective institutions, 435.
Hull, Jonathan, 240, 243.

Hussey's reaping machine, 35.

Ice, uses of, 886; the trade in, 887; mode of cutting and
storing, 888; wastage of, 889.

Ice-houses, construction of, 888.

Ichaboe, the, and other guano islands, 100.

Illinois, settlement of, by the French, 74; by revolutionary
soldiers, 75; rapid agricultural development of 75; man-
ufacture of agricultural implements in, 76; public im-
provements of, 189.

Illinois Central railroad, history of, 205; working of, 206;
land department of, 207.

Imports and exports, table of, 1790-1807, 140; 1808-1820, 142;
after the war of 1812, 143; table of, 1821-1830, 145; 1881-
1840, 147; of certain articles, 148; 1841-1850, 153; 1851-
1860, 156; for 70 years, 157.

India, cotton imported from, 117; exports and imports of cot-
ton and cotton goods. 155; muslins of, 274; American ice
in, 887, 869. (See East Indies.)
Indiana, internal improvements of, 189.
Indian corn. See Corn, Indian.

Indians, agriculture of the, 21; their astonishment at sight of
a plough, 22.

India-rubber, source, uses, and manufacture of, 406; illustra-
tions of, 407-8; vulcanized, how made, 410; articles made
of, 411; imports and exports of, 412; growth of the man-
ufacture of, 412.

Infants, institutions for the care of, 454.
Innovation, fear of, in farming, 23.
Insane, the, former treatinent of, 440; first efforts for the
amelioration of, 441; hospitals for, in the United States,
441, 444 (table); improvements in the treatment of, 443.
Insanity, American works on, 442.
Interest, made high by cheap lands, 108.
Ireland, Indian corn introduced into, 153; famine in, 164;
prison system of, 438.

Iron, imported, compared with that of Pennsylvania, 105,
Iron-clad war-steamers, 338

Ironsides, the, 338.

Isherwood, Chief Engineer, steam experiments of, 272.
Italy, importation of rags from, 292.

"Jacketing," 269.

Jackson, Patrick 8., 281; Lowell originated by, 282.
Jails, county, 438; defects of, 439.

James, William T., 246.

James I,, "Counterblast to Tobacco," 85.

James River Cotton Mill, 284.

James River and Kanawha Company, 190.

James Steam Mills, engines used in, 258.

Jay, treaty concluded by, 189.

J. C. Cary, the, steam fire engine, 244.
Jenks, ring spindle of, 286.

Jenny, Devon cow, portrait of, 44.

Jerome, Chauncy, manufacture of clocks by, 369.

Jerome Manufacturing Company, 870.

Jersey cows, value of, as milkers, 50; diffusion of, 50.

J. G. Storm, the, steam fire engine, 244.

Johnson and Morey, sewing machine of, 414.
Jones, H. C., burglar-proof lock of, 897.
"Journal of Prison Discipline," 440.

Keel boats on the Ohio, 165,

Kentucky, importation of short-horns into, 47; their improve-
ment there, 48; Herefords imported into, by Henry Clay,
48; thorough-bred horses in, 54; blue grass, 80.

"Kettle-bottoms" (vessels), 163.

Kip-skins, definition and sources of, 318.
Knives, manufacture of, 840, 841.

Knowles, John, first sewing machine invented by, 413.

Labor, high wages of, 103; at the South, cheapness of, 119;
comparison of free and slave, 120.

Laclede, St. Louis founded by, 848.
Lake cities, 166.

Lake region, area of the, 101

Lakes, the great, steamers and tonnage on, 166; ship-building
on, 167; navigation of, 186; tonnage on, 187; first steam-
boat on, 239; fisheries of, 385.
Lamb-skins, uses of, 318; treatment of, 820.
Lancaster gun, the, 384.

Land, how cleared by the Indians, 21; exhaustive cropping
of the, 22; effect of the cheapness of, upon wages and
interest, 103; speculation in, 147-8, 187; public sales and
grants of, 157, 207.

Land grants to railroads, 207.

Lard, preparation and disposition of, 66; exports of, to Great
Britain, 1840-1858, 158.

Lardner, remarks of, on England's self-superiority, 234; on

the speed of locomotives, 249.

Lard oil, manufacture and uses of, 67.

Latta's steam car for cities, 251; steam fire engines, 259.

Leather, 816; tables of manufactures of, 316, 326; kinds of,

818; treatment of, after tanning, 319.

Leather splitting machines, 323.

Lee & Larned's steam fire engines, 244, 259.

Lunatics. See Insane.

Lynn, shoe manufacture of, 324.

Macadam roads, 176.

Machinery, benefits of, 269.

Machines, exportation of, prohibited by England, 281,
Mackerel fishery, the, mode of conducting, 883.

McLean Asylum, the, 441, 449.

Magic lock, the, 398.

Mail service of the United States, 174; contracts, 177.
Maine, account of lumbering in, 92-6; prison system of, 436.
Malthus, theory of, disproved, 36.

Manchester Company, the, cotton fabrics made by, 284.
Manning, William, patentee of the first successful mowing-
machine, 185.

Mansfield, Conn., silk culture in, 893.
Manufactures, comparatively small exports of, 107; Northern,
at the South, 122-3; colonial, home restriction of. 183;
rise of, 144; in New England, 146; progress of, 1820-1880,
147; competition of home and foreign, 154; annual value
of, 157; exports of, 1807-1859, 158; increase of, 159; use
of steam in, 268; systematizing of, 361.

Manure, early neglect of, 23; artificial, 100; the taking of
bony fish for, $85.

Maple sugar and molasses, production of, 180.
Marble for building, 859.

Marietta, Ohio, brig built at, 165,
Marten, stone, fur of the, 347.
Maryland, cotton mills in, 285.

Mason, Captain John, Danish cattle imported by, 87.
Mason, William, locomotive builder, 246.

Mason & Hamlin's organ harmonium, &c., 434.
Massachusetts, Agricultural Society of, 1792, 25; introduction
of cattle into, 37; introduction of horses into, 58; of
sheep, 59; wool-growing unprofitable in, 60; production
of fruit in, 82; law for the inspection of hops in, 89; rail-
road system of, 196; cotton manufacture in, 284; table of
woollen manufactures of, 312; boot and shoe manufac-
ture of, 324; mackerel fishery of, 383; the ice business
of, 887; silk bounty of, 394; prison system of, 438; Gen-
eral Hospital of, 449.

Matanzas, the, propeller, 240.
Manch Chunk railroad, 192.

Maumee river, fisheries of the, 385.
Maysville road veto, 177.
McCormick's reapers, 85, 36.
Melodeon, the, 433.

Memphis and Charleston railroad, 208.
Mercantile agency, statistics of the, 159.

Lenses, manufacture of, 405.

crease of, 59.

Merrimac and Monitor, encounter of the, 338.

Libraries, township and district, 99.

Liebig on manuring, 100.

Lillie's safes, 397.

Lime, building, qualities and sources of, 358.

Liverpool and Manchester railway, 192.

Live stock, number and value of, in 1850, 1860, and 1866, 102.
(See Cattle Stock.)

Livingston, Chancellor, introducer of the grass-fed hog, 64;
monopoly of the Lower Mississippi trade claimed by, 181;
opposed railroads, 197; associated with Fulton, 239.
Loaf sugar, how made, 392.

Locks, burglar-proof, 397-8.

Locks, canal, 185; inclined planes substituted for, 186.
Locomotive, the first, picture of, 194; coal-burning, invention
of, 203; the first successful American, 205; premium for,
246.
Locomotive engines, principles of, 196; history of, 248; ex-
periments with, 244; the first in the United States, 245;
manufactures and exportation of, 246; difference between
English and American, 249; cost, proper construction,
and speed of, 249; running expenses of, 250.
Logging operations in Maine, 92-6; at Green Bay, 96.
Long and Norris, locomotive builders, 246.

Long Dock, the, at Jersey City, 202.

Long shawls for men's use, 80S.

Looms, hand and power, picture of, 278. (See Power loom.)
Loper propeller, the, 167.

Louisiana, sugar cane cultivated in, 127.

Mexican war, the, 164.

Mexico, ancient use of cotton in, 274.
Miami canal, 188.

Michigan, railroads of, 208.

Michigan, lake, first steamer on, 166.

Michigan, U. S. steamer, experiments upon, 272.
Middlesex canal, 178.

Milk, yield of, by an Ayrshire cow, 50; value of Jerseys
for, 50.

Miller, E. L., builder of the first successful American locomo‐
tive, 205,

Mills, flour and grist, 272;
Minié rifle, the, 328.
Mink fur, 347.

Minnesota, railroad system of, 207.

Mississippi, the, flat boats and steamers on, 181–8; navigation
of, 234.
Mississippi railroad, the, 208.
Mississippi valley, &c., area of, 102.
Missouri, railroads of, 209.
Mobile, hospitals of, 452.

Mobile and Ohio railroad, 207.
Mohawk and Hudson railroad, 197, 245.

Mohawk Valley railroad, picture of the first locomotive

on, 194.

Mordecai, Major, experiments of, on velocity of shot, 337.
Morgan horses, origin and character of, 54.
Morocco leather, 318; tanning of, 320.
Morris and Essex canal, 190.

Morris, Gouverneur, the Erie canal projected by, 178; report
of, upon connecting the lakes and the Hudson, 184.
Morrison's steam crane, 265.

Morus multicaulis speculation, the, 90, 894,

Mould-board, the, improvements in, 30, 31; Jefferson's treatise
on, 31.

Mowatt, John E., towboat business established by, 241, 243.
Mower, Excelsior, picture of, 33.

Mowing machines, 85; utility and economy of, 36.
Mulberry, culture of and speculation in the, 393-4.

Mule spinner, the, 275; pieture of, 279.

Mummy cloths, material of, 275; used to make paper, 293.
Mungo, manufacture and uses of, 315.

Nap, the, of cloth, how formed, 308.

Narcotics, kinds used in different countries, 85.
Nasmyth, J., on Colt's revolver factory, 381.

Native cattle, not a race or breed, 41; improvement of, 42;
at the West, 47.

Naval gunnery, changes in, 337, 338.

Naval power of the United States, 143.

Paper, importance and first manufacture of, 291; materials
for, 292-8; machinery for, 295; sizes of, 296; process of
making, 296; hand-made, 297; census statistics of, 298.
Paper-hangings, manufacture of, 298.
Paper-soled shoes, 326.

Navigation act, the, 145.

safety-valve, 267.

Parkersburg branch railroad, 204.

South, 119-21.

Nelson, short-horn bull, 48.

Newark, carriage-making at, 362.

Newbold, Charles, first patentee of a cast-iron plough, 81.
Newell's burglar-proof locks, 397.

New England, early farming in, 19; by the Indians, 21; the
cattle in, 19, 20; introduction of cattle into, 37; decline of
sheep-raising in, 59, 60; why wheat is not a prominent
crop in, 78: rye profitable in, 78; fisheries and colonial
trade of, 135; emigration from, to the West, 188; railroads
in, 196-7; locomotive shops in, 246; cotton manufactures
in, 281; factory operatives in, 282; fisheries of, 378.
"New England Farmer," 98.

New Hampshire, importations of Danish cattle into, 37, 38.
New Haven, the oyster business of, 385.

New Haven Clock Company, 870.

Patersons, the, of Baltimore, 189, 140.

Patterson, Mr., of Baltimore, breeder of Devons, 49.
Patton stock of cattle, 47.

Paul's patent for carding cotton, 108.

Pauperism, treatment of, 445; increase of, from Immigration,
446; in New York, table of, 451.
Peach trees in California, $3.

Peaches, perfection of, at the South, 82.
Pear orchards in Mississippi and Georgia, 82; in Massachu-
setts, 83.

Pear trees, profit of, 83; in California, 83.
Pease and beans, production and exports of, 79.
Peel, Robert, calico printing by, 276
Peltry, 847. (See Fürs.)
Penitentiaries, city, 439.
Penknives, blades of, 340.

New Jersey Central railroad, 202.

New Orleans, hospitals of, 452.

New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern railroad, 208,
Newspapers, quantity of paper required for, 298.

New York, Agricultural Society of, 1791, 25; introduction of
cattle into, 87; of horses, 53; of sheep, 59; four-fifths of
the taxes of, paid by agriculture, 77; road system of, 175;
canals of, 184; railroads of, 197; table of woollen manu-
factures of, 312; tanneries in, 317; leather manufactures
of, 326; number and value of dwellings in, 354; amount
of building materials used in, 360; carriage-making in,
362; prison system of, 436.

New York city, great fire of 1835 in, 148; shipping at, 1850-
1865, 168; omnibuses and horse railroads in, 223; cloth-
ing trade of, 309; leather trade of, 817; fur trade of, 346;
the hat business in, 349; Prison Association of, 439-40;
relief of the poor in, 448; hospitals of, 449, 450 (table);
pauperism in, 451 (table); dispensaries of, 452, 458 (table);
other institutions of, 454-5.

New York Central railroad, 200.

"New York Farmer," 98.

"New York Herald," engines used by, 269.

Norris locomotive engine works, 246.

Norris, Lee, India-rubber invention of, 409.

North and South, no competition between, 121.

North Carolina, colonial exports of, 136.

North River boats, 180.

Pennsylvania, railroads and canals of, 188-9; line of improve-
ments of, 202; coal transportation of, 219-20; cotton mills
in, 284; silk production of, 893; glass manufacture of,
400; prison system of, 435; insane hospitals of, 441, 442
(note).
Pennsylvania railroad, 208; curves and high grade of, 280.
Penobscot, logging boom on the, 94.
Perkins, Jacob, 277, 301.
Permutation locks, 397.
Perry, the fleet of, 166.
Petersham cloths, 306.

Petersham Morgan, horse, portrait of, 55.
Philadelphia, locomotive works of, 246; benefit of the sta-
tionary engine to, 271; boot and shoe manufacture of
824; dwellings in, 355; carriage-making in, 362; silk
manufacture in, 395; Prison Society of, 439-40; hospitals
of, 441, 449; dispensaries of, 452.

Plano, the, American manufactures of and improvements in
433.

Pickering, Col. Timothy, breeder of the Woburn hog, 64.
Pierce, of Troy, air-tube patent of, 256.

Pinel, Philip, reform of the treatment of lunatics by, 441.
Pine lumber, classification of, 94.

Pine woods hog, picture of, 61.

Pins, manufacture of, 389; American improvements in, 890,

Pistols, revolving, 881; breech-loading, 333,

Pittsburg, glass manufacture of, 899.

Pittsburg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago railroad, 208.

Plank roads, 176.

Plaster of Paris, use of, for safes, 396.

Plating, processes of, 372.

Plough, astonishment of the Indians at first sight of a, 92.
"Plough, Loom, and Anvil," 98.

Ploughs, early scarcity and inefficiency of, 27; description of
various kinds, 27-30; immense saving from the improve-
ment of, 30; cast-iron, invention and manufacture of, 81;
patents for, 31; steam, 263-4.

Plum trees in California, 83.
Plush, silk, for hats, 850,
Pomological Society, American, 82.

Poor, relief of the, systems of, 445; comparative statistics of
447 (table); associations for, 446, 418.