1. Early Italian associations; the pagus, vicus, gens, 1.

city of Rome, 2. Foreign influences on Roman life, 3.

Growth of the

THE ELEMENTS OF THE POPULATION-PATRICIANS, PLEBEIANS,

CLIENTS

2. Origin of the Patricians, 4; of the Plebeians, 5. Clientship, 7.

ROMAN FAMILY ORGANISATION

3. The gens, 9. The familia, 18. The nexus, 24.

mission of property and forms of testament, 26.

deminutio, 32.

THE CITIZENS AND THE POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS OF THE STATE

4. The populus Romanus, 33. Rights of the citizen, 35. Auspicium, 36.

The tribes, 40. The army, 41. The curiae, 41.

THE MONARCHICAL CONSTITUTION

5. Relation of the king to the people, 42. Titles and insignia of the king,

44. Mode of appointment of the king, 45. Religious character of the

monarchy, 51. The rule of fas, 52. Civil powers of the king, 57. The

Senate of the monarchy, 58. Consilia of the king, 61. Delegates of

the king, 61. Jurisdiction of the monarchy, 62.

SECT.

THE SERVIAN CONSTITUTION

6. Social changes that led to the Servian reform, 65. The Servian tribes,

66. Registration for military purposes; the new organisation of the

army, 68.
The census, 69. Transference of political rights to the new

assembly of the centuries, 75. The close of the monarchy, 76.

CHAPTER II

THE GROWTH OF THE REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION

Appoint-

Institution of consuls and limitation of the imperium, 78.

ment of quaestors, 80. The Senate of the early Republic, 81. Creation

of the dictatorship, 84. Government of the patrician aristocracy, 85.

Rights of the plebeians, 87. Social struggles of the plebs, 89. Creation

of the tribunate, 93. The powers of the tribuni plebis, 94. The con-

cilium plebis, 96. The aediles of the plebs, 97. The sacrosanctitas of

the plebeian magistrates, 99. The concilium plebis meets by tribes,

100. Creation of a comitia tributa, 102. Agitation for the publication

of a code, 102. The Twelve Tables, 104. Attempt at despotism made

by the decemvirs, 107. The Valerio-Horatian laws, 108. Intermarriage

permitted between the orders, 111. Institution of tribuni militum

consulari potestate, 112. Institution of the censorship, 115. Struggle

for the consulship, 118. The Licinio-Sextian laws, 119. Institution

of the praetorship and the curule aedileship, 120. Admission of the

plebeians to office, 122; and to the religious colleges, 123. / Rights

secured to the plebs by the leges Publiliae and the lex Hortensia, 124.

Results of the tendencies of plebeian emancipation, 127.
The new

nobility, 129. Continued distinction between the orders, 131.

CHAPTER III

THE CLASSES OF THE POPULATION AND THE THEORY OF THE

CONSTITUTION IN THE DEVELOPED REPUBLIC

THE CLASSES OF THE POPULATION

1. Modes of acquiring citizenship, 132.

Ingenuitas, 135. Rights and duties

conception of capitis deminutio, 138.

140. The condition of the slave, 141.

Modes of enfranchisement, 134.

of the citizen, 136. Developed

Changes in the Roman family,

The freedmen, 144.

THE THEORY OF THE CONSTITUTION

2. Complexity of the constitution, 146.

Theory of the state as revealed in

the interregnum, 147. Separate existence of the plebs, 149.

The

SECT.

weakening of the magistracy and the resulting ascendancy of the
Senate, 150.

CHAPTER IV

THE MAGISTRACY

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAGISTRACY

1. Imperium and potestas, 152. Administrative powers of the magistrates,

152. Military powers, 153. The right to triumph, 156. Powers

exercised in connexion with the people, 158. The contio and the

comitia, 159. Right of acting with the plebs, 161. The right of con-

sulting the Senate, 161. (General powers of the magistrates; the

auspicia, 162. The coercitio, 167. Conflict between the powers of the

magistrates; the obnuntiatio, 172. The right of prohibition, 173.

The intercessio, 176. The civil and criminal responsibility of magis-

trates, 181. The qualifications for office, 183. The formalities of

candidature and election, 187. The insignia of office, 191.

2. The dictator, 191.

THE INDIVIDUAL MAGISTRACIES

The praetors, 202.

censors, 216.

trates, 234.

The

The

The magister equitum, 195. The consuls, 196.

The aediles, 208. The quaestors, 212.

plebeian magistrates, 233. The minor magis-

CHAPTER V

THE PEOPLE AND ITS POWERS

Legislation, 238. Form of a lex, 242. Control of external matters,

243. Elective powers, 245. Judicial powers, 245. Rescission of

sentences by the people, 248. Remission of outlawry and amnesty,

249. Grounds of invalidity of popular acts, 249. The different comitia ;

the comitia curiata, 250. The comitia centuriata and its reorganisa-

tion, 252. The comitia tributa, 253. The concilium plebis, 253.

Elections to the religious colleges, 254. Formalities observed in the

meetings of the assemblies, 255.

CHAPTER VI

THE SENATE

Reasons for the growth of the Senate's power, 261.

Method of appoint-

ment of senators, 263. External distinctions of senators, 265. Reforms

of Sulla, 266.

Rules of initiative and debate in the Senate, 267. The

SECT.

senatus consultum and senatus auctoritas, 272.

Powers of the Senate;

its probouleutic authority, 273. Suspension of magistrates, 275.

Quasi-legislative power, 275. Power of exempting from laws, 276.

Revising power, 276. Influence on jurisdiction, 277. Appointment

of special commissions, 278. Declaration of martial law, 279. Police

control, 282. Control of foreign policy, 282. Control of finance, 286.

Control of religion, 287.

CHAPTER VII

THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF ROME AND THE

INCORPORATION OF ITALY

Difference between the Greek and Italian conceptions of international

law, 289. International customs of Rome, 290. International relations

with foreign states, 292. The jus gentium, 294. The federation of

Latium, 295. Extension of the league and change in its character,

296. The organisation of Italy; cives and socii, 299. Proposals to

extend the franchise, 310. Settlement after the social war, 312. In:

corporation of Cisalpine Gaul, 314.

CHAPTER VIII

THE ORGANISATION AND GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCES

Origin of provincial government, 316. The conception of a provincia,

317. Free and allied cities, 317. Stipendiariae civitates; the lex

provinciae, 318. Taxation, 319. The governor and his staff, 322.

The spheres of administration, 324. Jurisdiction, 325. The provincial

edict, 326. General estimate of provincial government, 328.

CHAPTER IX

THE REVOLUTION AND THE TRANSITION TO THE PRINCIPATE

Objects of the party of reform, 331. Elements in the party of reform,

332. The balance of parties; the equites, 333. The issue of the

struggle, 334. The sole rule of Caesar, 336. The Triumvirate and the

establishment of the Principate, 338.

CHAPTER X

THE PRINCIPATE

THE POWERS OF THE PRINCEPS

1. The chief bases of the Princeps' authority; the proconsulare imperium
and the tribunicia potestas; nature of the imperium, 341.

Powers

SECT.

connected with the imperium, 344. Powers connected with the tri-

bunicia potestas, 346. The Princeps as consul, 347; as censor, 347.

Extraordinary rights conferred on the Princeps, 348. Dispensation

from laws, 350. The Princeps as head of the state religion, 350.

TITLES, INSIGNIA, AND HONOURS OF THE PRINCEPS

2. Appellatives and titles, 351. Insignia, 355.

domus Caesaris, 356. Amici and comites, 357.

Other honours, 355. The

CREATION, TRANSMISSION, AND ABROGATION OF THE PRINCIPATE

3. Election of a Princeps, 358. Designation of a successor, 360. Hereditary

succession, 362. Deposition of a Princeps, 362.

Recognition of a

reign, 363.

THE OTHER POWERS IN THE STATE-THE MAGISTRACY, THE

COMITIA, AND THE SENATE

4. The magistracy, 363. The individual magistrates, 367. The comitia

371. The Senate, 373.

THE CHIEF DEPARTMENTS OF THE STATE; THE DUAL CONTROL

OF SENATE AND PRINCEPS

5. The dyarchy, 377.

Quasi-legislative

Jurisdiction, 381.

of appeal, 382.

diction, 386.

pardon, 391.

Legislation; legislative power of the comitia, 377.

power of the Senate, 377; of the Princeps, 378.

Division of civil jurisdiction, 382.

The appeal from the provinces, 385.

The criminal courts of appeal, 390.

The civil courts

Criminal juris-

The power of

The dyarchy in administration, 393; in finance, 394; in

the control of cultus, 397; in the control of coinage, 397. The extent

to which the dyarchy was a reality, 397.

THE SENATORIAL AND THE EQUESTRIAN NOBILITY

6. The senatorial order, 399. The equestrian order, 402.

THE FUNCTIONARIES OF THE PRINCEPS

7. The praefects, 406. Praefectus urbi, 406. Praefectus praetorio, 409.

Praefectus annonae, 411. Praefectus vigilum, 412. The curators, 413.

The procurators, 414. Personal assistants; the imperial secretariate

418. The imperial consilium, 420.