Table No. IV. TURNPIKE ROADS. ALPHABETICAL list of the Turnpike Road Companies, which have received letters patent, showing the years in which the roads were severally commenced and completed, the length of each contemplated by its charter, the number of miles already completed, the amount of individual and state subscriptions to the capital stock, the cost of the road per mile including bridges, subscription price of the shares, the amount of the existing debts of the company, width of the road, materials of which composed, and depth of materials in the centre and at the sides respectively. Middletown was the sole mart for the small quantity of of grain that was brought down the Susquehanna in keel boats and canoes previous to and after the revolution ary war; for Middletown was the lowest point of navigation for these vessels, the Conewago falls preventing their further descent. The grain was ground into flour at Fry's mill, or stored up and sold to the millers of Lancaster county. In 1794 or '95 the first vessel in the shape of an ark, but very small in its dimensions, arrived at Harrisburg from Huntingdon, on the Juniata, and the Conewago falls were run by it with safety. About the time of the invention of the ark, the Conewago canal, at York Haven, was commenced, and on its completion in 1797, or 1798, keel boats were enabled to pass through it, and down the river to Columbia. The river trade at Middletown was by this almost at once destroyed, and Columbia having become the lowest point of navigation, increased with astonishing rapidity. The period was short, after arks passed the Conewago falls, until these vessels attempted the dangerous rapids below Columbia, and reached tide water. This, we think, must have been about the year 1798. It was not until the trade of the Susquehanna had thus reached tide water, that it became an object of solicitude to the mer chants of Baltimore, and as its importance became every year more evident, they engaged in the construction of the Maryland canal, which was designed to overcome as much of the rapids between Columbia and tide as were in the state of Maryland. And although frequent appropriations were made by Pennsylvania, to improve the navigation of the Susquehanna & its branches, above Columbia, no appropriation was made for the improvement of the river below that point, until the year 1823, Then, a commission, consisting of M'Meens, Hyde and Wilson, appointed by the Legislature to co-operate with the Maryland commissioners, in improving the navigation from Columbia to tide, and a liberal appropria tion made for this purpose. Previous to this, the navigation between Columbia and tide was extremely hazardous, and heavy losses were yearly sustained; and now the risque of running an ark between these points is considered next to nominal. The York Haven canal was originally a Philadelphia concern, but in 1819 it was disposed of to a Baltimore company, by which it is now held. The Baltimoreans had become alive to the importance of the river trade, and paid an enormous sum for the canal and grist mill that yet stands at York Haven. They erected besides a large stone mill, (burnt down three years since,) storehouses, &c. They purchased a great proportion of the wheat brought down the Susquehanna in keel boats, and these boats were supplied from their storehouses with salt, fish and plaister for the consumption of the Susquehanna and Juniata country.-Har. Chron. CATTLE SHOW. show most conclusively (what has been already remarked) the advantage to be derived from a cross of our large mares, with the full blooded horse. The whole number of horses, mares, and colts on the ground, was between 90 and 100. Mr. Walter Craig exhibited a fine Jenny and a very promising young Jack, which attracted much attention, none having been exhibited at any of our former exhiNotice of the one held on the 16th October, 1828, in Wash-bitions. As they were not entered for premium, they ington county, (Pa.) did not come immediately under the cognizance of the [From a friend, to whose enterprize and great judg-appropriate committee. ment that county is deeply indebted, we have received If we were in some measure disappointed in the exthe Washington Republican,” containing an account of hibition of horses, we were amply compensated by an a brilliant display of the industry and flourishing pros-examination of the pens and enclosures well filled with pects of his agricultural fellow citizens, on the day above about 100 head of mentioned. Of the show in general, not having room for the details, we may quote the very judicious review of the Committee appointed to make a general survey of the exhibition; and, for the present, the interesting report on the live weight of a number of cattle, tested by the scales. Horned Cattle, many of which would do honor to any exhibition in our country. It was admitted by every spectator, that in no depa: tment of Agricultural pursuit has so rapid and visible an improvement been attained. The beauty of form and extraordinary weight of young cattle excited universal admiration. It is perhaps The balance of the account by the reviewing com-worthy of remark (in order to show what may be done, mittee, with, perhaps, some striking items from the par- even by the introduction of one fine animal) that every ticular reports, will be given in our next. Bull on the ground, except two, were descendants of Mr. Reed's 'Nonsuch,' of the improved short horn breed. A considerable number of working oxen and fat cattle was exhibited, highly creditable to the county, and showing that they had not been neglected by their owners. The Merino Sheep, were not so numerous as we ex It gives us particular pleasure to see how emphatically the general committee testify, that "experience demonstrates more clearly, every year, the superiority of those crossed with the pure blooded horse of England, for every purpose except the road team, and even there (when size can be obtained,) their superiority is acknow-pected, but all of a superior quality; and whilst we comledged."] The committee, appointed to prepare a brief notice of the various objects of interest and utility which were exhibited at the late annual show, beg leave to report, That not having been previously charged with the duty now imposed upon them, their examinations were not so particular and minute as to enable them now to present details which would be highly satisfactory. Many objects no doubt escaped their observation; nor can they on any, pretend to be so full in their descriptions as in other circumstances would be desirable. One thing they think was obvious, not only to themselves, but to the great concourse of male and female spectators who were assembled, viz: the increased and increasing importance of such societies, which, sanctioned by law, and supported by public opinion and encouragement, are calculated to draw forth the abundant resources of wealth and prosperity with which nature has stored our happy country, and which the ingenuity and industry of our citizens are fully capable of improving to the utmost advantage. The truth of this remark will be sustained (we think) by the experience of those who have been in the habit of attending our annual exhibitions. The last show, although in some respects perhaps, not surpassing those previous, yet in the aggregate it is conceived, indicated a progressive movement. Your committee were much gratified in noticing a number of horses, combining the desirable qualities of figure, strength,and action, nor can we let this opportunity pass without calling the attention of our farmers to the importance of improving the breed of this highly useful animal. Experience demonstrates more clearly every year, the superiority of those crossed with the pure blooded horse of England, for every purpose except the road team; and even there, (when size can be obtained) their superiority is acknowledged. The Brood Mares were not so numerous as on former occasions: and although many of those present were yery fine, yet we must say that the exhibition did not come up to our expectation. Of the Two year old-yearling and spring Colls, a considerable number promise to make very valuable animals, and plain that so few were shown, we must express the belief that the specimens of wool from them were equal to any Saxony we have ever seen. We are confident the number will be made up next year; for we know no coun ty in the state can excel ours in this highly important branch of husbandry. The Hogs, were also deficient in number, but like the sheep, showed a great improvement in quality. The Bedford breed, lately introduced into this country, are rapidly spreading, and as rapidly improving our stock. Their docility, early maturity, and great propensity to fatten, render them an important acquisition to the judicious farmer. WEIGHT OF CATTLE. THE HARMONITES. [Rapp's new establishment is at Economy, Pa. a few miles below Pittsburg, on the Ohio. He and his people are Germans.] From the Duke of Saxe Weimar's Travels. At the Inn, a fine large frame house, we were received by Mr. Rapp, the principal, at the head of the community. He is a grey-headed and venerable old man; most of the members emigrated twenty-one years ago from Wirtemburg, along with him. same. We saw a small deer park in which the elder' Rapp had amused himself in taming some bucks and does, which would eat out of his hand. We saw also here a noble young moose deer, which was as large as a stout ox. The ware-house was shown to us, where the articles made here for sale or use are preserved, and I admired the excellence of all. The articles for the use of the society are kept by themselves, as the members have no must they in relation to all their personal wants be sup private possessions, and every thing is in common; so plied from the common stock. The clothing and food they make use of, is of the best quality. Of the latter, flour, salt meat, and all long keeping articles are served out monthly; fresh meat on the contrary, and whatever The elder Rapp is a large man of seventy years old, spoils readily, is distributed whenever it is killed, acwhose powers, age seems not to have diminished; his cording to the size of the family, &c. As every house hair is grey, but his blue eyes, overshadowed by strong has a garden, each family raises its own vegetables, and brows, are full of life and fire. Rapp's system is nearly some poultry, and each family has its own bake oven.the same as Owen's community of goods, and all mem- For such things as are not raised in Economy, there is a bers of the society work together for the common in-store provided, from which the members, with the terest, by which the welfare of each individual is secur- knowledge of the directors, may purchase what is need. Rapp does not hold his society together by these cessary, and the people of the vicinity may also do the hopes alone, but also by the tie of religion, which is entirely wanting in Owen's community; and results declare that Rapp's system is the better. No great results can be expected from Owen's plan, and a sight of it is very little in its favour. What is most striking and wonderful of all is, that so plain a man as Rapp can so successfully bring and keep together a society of nearly seven hundred persons, who, in a manner, honor him as a prophet. Equally so for example is his power of government, which can suspend the intercourse of the sexes. He found that the society was becoming too numerous, wherefore the members agreed to live with their wives as sisters. All nearer intercourse is forbidden as well as marriage, both are discouraged. However, some marriages constantly occur, and children are born every year, for whom there is provided a school and a teacher. The members of the community manifest the very highest degree of veneration for the elder Rapp, whom they address and treat as a father. Mr. Frederick Rapp is a large good looking personage; of forty years of age.He possesses profound mercantile knowledge, and is the temporal, as his father is the spiritual chief of the community. All business passes through his hands, he represents the society, which, notwithstanding the change in the name of residence, is called the Harmony society, in all their dealings with the world. They found that the farming and cattle raising, to which the society exclusively attended in both their former places of residence, were not sufficiently productive for their indus-worthy of praise. try, they therefore have established factories. Mr. Rapp finally conducted us into the factory again, and said that the girls had especially requested this visit, that I might hear them sing. When their work is done they collect in one of the factory rooms, to the number of sixty or seventy, to sing spiritual and other songs.They have a peculiar hymn book, containing hymns from the Wirtemburg psalm book, and others written by the elder Rapp. A chair was placed for the old patriarch, who sat amidst the girls, and they commenced a hymn in a very delightful manner. It was naturally symphonious and exceedingly well arranged. sang four pieces, at first sacred, but afterwards by Mr. The girls Rapp's desire, of a gay character. With real emotion did I witness this interesting scene. The factories and work shops are warmed during winter by means of pipes connected with the steam engine. All the workmen, and especially the females, have very healthy complexions, and moved me deeply by the warm-hearted friendliness with which they saluted the elder Rapp. I was also much gratified to see vessels containing fresh sweet smelling flowers standing on all the machines. The neatness which universally reigns here, is in every respect PROCEEDINGS OF COUNCILS. Thursday evening, November 13th, 1828. tion was received from the City Treasurer, enclosing a At a stated meeting held this evening, a communica statement of his accounts from the 1st of July to the 1st of October. Referred to committee of Accounts. After dinner, we visited the village, which is very regularly arranged, with broad rectangular streets, two parallel to the Ohio, and four crossing them. Many families still live in log houses, but some streets consist almost entirely of neat, well built frame houses, at proper distance from each other; each house has a garden attached to it. The four story cotton and woolen factories are of brick: Mr. Rapp's dwelling house not yet completed, and a newly begun warehouse, are also to be ing property near the Schuylkill River, praying that Mr. Johnson presented a petition from citizens ownof brick. In the cotton and woollen factories, all the Willow street (the street nearest the river) may be remachinery is set in motion, by a high pressure engine of gulated and put in a passable condition from Spruce seventy horse power, made in Pittsburg. The machine street to Cedar street. Referred to Paving committee. pumps the water from a well fifty feet deep, sunk for the purpose. The community possess some fine sheep, ed by one thousand and eighty mechanics. Mr. Johnson presented the following memorial, signamong which are many Merino and Saxon; they pur-To the select and common council of the city of Philachase wool, however, from the surrounding farmers, who have already begun to raise it to bring to Economy. As soon as the wool is washed, it is picked by the old of Philadelphia, humbly sheweth: that in consequence The petition of the subscribers, Mechanics of the city women of the community, who work in the fourth story, of the rapid advance of scientific power into most of the whence it is reconveyed by a sort of tunnel into the departments of mechanical labour-inducing derange lower story. The wool is then separated according to ment throughout the whole circle of their various occuits qualities into four classes, dyed together in the dye-pations, and at the same time nothing in prospect but house near the manufactory, returned to the mill, where it is combed, coarsely spun, and finally wrought into fine yarns by a machine similar to the spinning jenny. As soon as spun, it is placed in the loom and wrought into cloth; this is placed in a steam fulling-mill so arranged that the steam from the engine is made to answer the purpose of soap and fuller's earth, which is a great saying. delphia. an annually increasing derangement: into various associations for the purpose of at least enYour petitioners have been (as they think) forced deavouring to prepare for the change which every reflecting mind must perceive in rapid progress. They see themselves without any common centre of union-without any place of general meeting-although |