dow, shaded, however, from the rays of the sun by a plentiful growth of forest timber and underwood. A considerable range of forest trees stood also between it and the southern extreme of the city. main spring of our Government-Patriotism keep its works in order. May the popular voice wind up its chain, and may its hand point to the public good. Bakers. May an oven "seven times heated" be the fate of him whose only objects are the "loaves and fishes." Stocking Weavers. May he who first broached the formation of a new government, have a wreath of laurels twisted round his brow, and a garland of honorary flowers wove for his reward. Taylors. May Fate with her shears cut the thread of that man's life, Fame dishonour him with the name of Goose, and Society baste him, who endeavours to Cab On the first settlement of Philadelphia, no inconvenience was sustained by its inhabitants, from the proximity of the Neck, because its soil lay under so deep a shade, that no septic exhalations could be generated in it to contaminate the atmosphere. Nor did this humid tract of land prove productive of disease among the citizens, even after it began to be stript of its woody covering, while the range of forest trees stood as a guard between it and the city. But when the British army had possession of Philadelphia, during the revolution-bage from his country. ary war, this cordon of timber was cut down to serve as fuel for the troops. The consequence was precisely what ought to have been, and no doubt by many was anticipated. The septic exhalations from the half cultivated Neck now found their way to the city, particularly into the southern and nearest part of it, marking their footsteps with disease and death. But this evil, formidable as it was for a time, was not without a remedy. Nor was it long before this remedy was applied. The increasing population of the city, with the concomitant increase of trade and commerce gave life and vigour to agriculture in all the adjacent country. This was particularly the case in the Neck, the soil and situation of which were found peculiarly favourable to the growth of grass, fruit trees, and esculent vegetables of almost every description. For many years past, this whole tract of land (now one of the most valuable in the United States) has presented a vast extent, almost unbroken of meadow and garden, under the highest cultivation. But very little superfluous moisture now prevails in it, and the process of putrefaction has scarcely an existence. The result of this happy revolution in the agriculture of the Neck, must be sufficiently obvious to you. The tract of land, once so pestiferous, has ceased to pour forth its streams of febrile poison along our streets, and Philadelphia is now, except when visited by malignant fever, one of the healthiest cities in the world. The mere cultivation of grass and esculent vegetables, has then, without an intervening range of trees, (for the trees have never been restored) rescued our city from the exhalations of the Neck. American Register, 1809. Given at York, in Pennsylvania, by the bearers of the flags, in the procession formed to celebrate the progress of the Federal Constitution. July 4, 1788. Toast given by the bearer of the flag of the United States. May our powers explore every inlet of the habitable globe-our flag ride triumphant on every ocean. May Impartiality wield the sword of Justice, and Impetuosity the sword of War. Flag of the state of Pennsylvania. The state of Pennsylvania-may she hold the federal balance, and become the arbitress of the continent. Coppersmiths and Founders. May we be brazed together by a love of country as by borax and spelter, and rivetted by an energetic government. Potters. As often as the wheel of time revolves this day, let gratitude tell of the heroes, who were proven as by fire; and may a tear of remembrance fall for such as were cracked. Rough Carpenters. May his head be divorced from his body by the broad axe of justice, who does not square his conduct by the rule of right. House Carpenters. The new political mansion-May its apartments be commodious-may three rafters be added to the ten which already support its roof: and may its lights be great and many. Blacksmiths. May the thirteen states be welded into one united empire, by the hammer of conciliation on the anvil of peace, and may the man who attempts to blow the coals of discord, be burned by the sparks. Nailors. May our government be well pointed and have a good head. Painters. The new constitution in its true colours; neither caricatured nor flattered, and may the brush of investigation correct the glare of light given by its friends, and the profusion of shade thrown on it by its enemies. Glaziers. May the Paine remain forever uncracked, that threw light on the subject of our late war, and may the rays of truth be drawn to a focus by the glass of ge nius. Sadlers. A curb bit and a traverse rein to the impor tation of foreign luxuries; and may the man who denies his encouragement to home manufactures be stirruped round the world. Hatters. May he who twangs the bow of tumult, be stripped to the pelt, then dipped in a kettle of blacking; may his head be brought to the block, and their union constitute his character. Shoe and Bootmakers. May we wax a great and happy nation; be bound by principles of mutual regard, actu ated as by one soul, and may our prosperity as a peopleTM last until the end of time. Breeches makers and Skinners. May he be shorn against the grain, smoked and welted, who has not brains to know that the bands of the old government were too loose. Tobacconists. May the leaves of antifederalism be twisted together, and fastened by thorns, or be rolled into tubes, and end in a puff. Wagon Makers. Three more spokes to our new Magistrates' Flag. May Justice with her sword pro-wheel-a federal band for its tire-a willing people for tect her scales-may nothing but righteousness turn the its axis-political wisdom to set it in motion; and may beam, and may she write on Sophistry what convulsed its progress never be retarded by the lock chain of opBelshazzar, "thou art weighed in the balance, and art position. found wanting." Farmers Flag. Perpetual laurels to the men who have "beaten the sword of civil dissention into a ploughshare"-who have sown the seed of good government: may it spring up without tares, and may each revolving harvest witness its increase. Masons and Bricklayers' Flag. May the component parts of the Federal edifice be squared by the plummet of impartial justice, inseparably attached by the cement of citizenship. Clock and Watch Makers' Flag. May Virtue be the Saddle-tree makers. As we are chips of the same block; branches from the same tree, may we be glued together by a general efficient government. Blue Dyers and Stampers. May Fame stamp immortality on their names who have died for our country. Tanners and Curriers. May every limb of that man be hacked-may he be leathered through society—and have his hide completely tanned--who is mean enough to curry favour. Weavers. For ever honoured be the names of those, who, rejecting even the thrumbs of the old web, have cut it out of the loom, and wove another to clothe the political nakedness of their country. Tin plate workers. May the shears of liberality and extended policy cut away local prejudices, and may the late heat of political disquisition only tend to melt the cement that is to solder us together. Scythe and Sickle Makers. May the sickle of industry be filled with heavy harvests, until Time with his scythe shall mow down empires and ages. Butchers. As the marrow is connected with the bone, or one joint with another, so let us be united, and may no cleaver ever disjoint us. ger. yet, extended no farther than private complaints and murmurs. Whatever real causes of discontent, in some of these particulars, might have been occasioned by the public necessities, owing to disappointments, unavoid able in times of war and invasion, it is evident, that they were greatly exaggerated by the influence of too great a mixture of British deserters in the Pennsylvania line. It is more than probable, that this dissatisfaction would not have assumed the formidable aspect in which it af terwards appeared, had not concurrent circumstances administered the occasion. New Year's day, being a day of customary festivity; Gunsmiths. When the implements of war are requi- an extra proportion of rum was served out to the solsite to defend our country's rights, or resent her wrongs, diers. This, together with what they were able to purmay coolness take the sight, and courage draw the trig- chase in the neighbourhood of the line, was sufficient to inflame the minds of men, already pre-disposed by a Printers. May no government be so potent as to re-mixture of real and imaginary injuries, to break forth strain the liberty of the press, or so impotent as not to into outrage and disorder. As soon as night came on, be able to check its licentiousness. the camp was observed to be in great confusion, and by eleven o'clock became quite tumultuous; the troops avowedly threw of all obedience and prepared to march. In vain did gen. Wayne, and the officers of the line, exert themselves to reduce the mutiny and restore order and discipline; the affair had gone too far to yield to their exertions, and one of the officers unhappily lost his life in the attempt. Brewers. May he be choaked with the grains, or drowned in his ale, whose business it is to brew mischief. Barbers. Hot curling irons and a dull razor, to the enemies of our new system, and, notwithstanding the wig they once took upon them, may they remain as they now are, in the suds. Turners. May the anti-federalists be "turned from the evil of their ways," and be held no longer in the vice of groundless opposition. Coopers. May the new government prove a binding hoop to the states, and never suffer them to go to staves. Brick-makers. The materials which compose our new constitution-may they sustain the heat of party rage without a crack, and come out more perfect from At length the line left their camp, in a most tumultuous and disorderly manner, and marched to Princeton, where they fixed their quarters. General Wayne, uncertain whether this mutiny arose from British influence and disaffection, or only from the grievances they so loudly complained of, thought it most prudent to get this disorderly body, if possible, organiRope Makers. May the production of our trade bezed into some regularity, in which situation the mutithe neck-cloth of him, who attempts to untwist the po-To this he was the more encouraged as they had rencers might be treated with and the truth discovered. litical rope of our union. the kiln of faction. Mathematical Instrument Makers. The political compass as it has been graduated by the finger of accuracy, may it prove our guide in the winds of legislation, and preserve its counterpoise, however shaken by the storms of foreign invasion or domestic broil. Joiners. The unanimity which augurs that the hatchet shall soon be buried. Surveyors. May the needle of the new government be magnetized by an honest love of fame, and make the applause of the people its pole-may the sights be taken by the pervading eye of genius-the courses be shaped by integrity-and may there be no variation from national honour. peatedly and in the strongest terms denied the least tincture of disaffection, or any intentions of deserting to the enemy. He accordingly recommended it to them to choose a number of serjeants, to sit as a board and represent their grievances, so that redress might be had, if their complaints should appear to be well founded. This advice they readily attended to; a board of ser jeants was accordingly formed, and the business seemed to put on a more manageable appearance. Intelligence of this affair was soon conveyed to New York. The enemy were highly elated on the occasion, and exerted themselves to the utmost, not abating their diligence, although the rain poured down incessantly. Four or five thousand troops were immediately embarked, in order to make a descent on Jersey at South Amboy, under a full persuasion that the Pennsylvania line waited only an opportunity to join the British troops.They were confirmed in this idea by a person from Lawyers. A mild judge, a believing jury, a blun-Woodbridge, who went over to Staten Island and indering opponent, a good cause, a handsome fee, and a formed, that such was the determination of the board of federal client, to every advocate of our infant constitu- sergeants. Merchants. The new constitution-may it prove 100 per cent. better than the old one; may justice, mercy, and wisdom, be found in the invoice of its excellencies: and may its nett proceeds be good order at home, and respect in the councils of Europe. tion. Physicians. The political physicians, who in place of mending have made a constitution-may it retain its health and vigour, without the aid of medicine, and may the quack undergo, at the same time, the double operation of cathartic and emetic, who prescribes bleeding. AN ACCOUNT Of the Revolt of the Pennsylvania Line, Jan. 1, 1781. As the public will probably expect some account of the late unhappy movements in the Pennsylvania Line, and the proceedings had thereupon, we have, from authentic documents, enabled ourselves to give the following concise narrative of that transaction. It appears that considerable discontents had for some time taken place amongst the soldiers, on account of uncertain enlistments, deficiencies of clothing, arrearages of pay, and the depreciation of the currency; which, as VOL. II. 20 On the arrival of this news at Philadelphia, the president of the state, and a committee of Congress, attended by the Pennsylvania troop of horse, set out for Trenton. In the mean time, some negociations had taken place between the board of serjeants and General Wayne, but not to any effect. The general was yet in doubt as to the real designs of the mutineers; but a circumstance now occurred, which seemed to evince the fidelity of the discontented troops. A spy from New York, attended by a guide, appeared before the board of serjeants, with a paper, rolled in sheet lead, intimating that if the Pennsylvania would direct their march towards South River, a large body of British troops should be ready to receive them; and promising very large emoluments to every soldier who should thus desert his country's cause. No sooner did this emissary make his errand known, but the board of serjeants rejected the proposal with disdain, and sent the spy with his companion under guard to General Wayne, with a reserve, however, that they should be re-delivered to the board if demanded. President Reed having, on the 6th, advanced near Princeton, (being also fully authorised by the committee of Congress to make propositions) wrote a letter to General Wayne, in which he expressed some doubts as to the propriety of going within the piquets of the insurgents. This letter being shown to the serjeants, they immediately wrote to the president in these words:"Your excellency need not be in the least afraid or apprehensive of any irregularities or ill treatment, that the whole line will be very happy how expedient your excellency would be, in settling the unhappy affair.” line shall be settled. Those who are discharged to receive the above articles at Trenton, producing the general's discharge. The president hopes, that no soldier of the Pennsyl vania line will break his bargain, or go from the contract made with the public, and they may depend upon it, that the utmost care will be taken to furnish them with every necessary fitting for a soldier. The president will recommend to the state to take some favourable notice of those who engaged for the war. The commissioners will attend at Trenton, where the clothing and the stores will be immediately brought, and the regiments to be settled with in their order. A field officer of each regiment to attend during the settlement of his regiment. Pursuant to General Wayne's orders of the 2d instant, no man to be brought to any trial or censure for what has happened on or since new year's day, but all matters to be buried in oblivion. JOS. REED, JAMES POTTER. Encouraged by these circumstances, but without any great confidence in them, more especially as the board of serjeants had demanded the spies from Gen. Wayne, and at this time had them in possession, his excellency determined to venture amongst them. That he had no firm dependence on their pacific assurances, appears by a passage in a letter written to the vice president, at Philadelphia, just before he went into Princeton; wherein he says, "I have but one life, and my country has the first claim to it. I therefore go with the cheerfulness which attends performing a necessary, though not a pleasant duty." Upon his entry into Princeton the whole saries were again delivered up; but his excellency havline was drawn up for his reception, and every mark of ing been informed by General Wayne, that at the time military honour and respect shown him. After this in- they were first brought to him, he had promised the two terview the negociation commenced in regular form.-soldiers who conducted them fifty guineas each, as a reDuring the treaty the president had the address to per- ward for their fidelity, he determined to fulfil this ensuade the mutineers to advance to Trenton; for, not-gagement; and accordingly sent for those men, and of withstanding all favourable appearances, he still remained jealous of their situation. After a correspondence of some days, in which great tenaciousness was shown on the part of the malcontents, and equity with firmness on the part of his excellency, articles of agreement were finally assented to and confirmed on both sides. The articles were as follow, viz: His excellency Joseph Reed, Esq. president, and the honourable brigadier-general Potter, of the council of Pennsylvania, having heard the complaints of the soldiers, as represented by the sergeants, inform them, that they are fully authorized to redress reasonable grievances, and they have the fullest disposition to make them as easy as possible; for which end they propose. shall be detained beyond the time for which he freely and voluntarily engaged: but where they appear to have been in any respect compelled to enter or sign, such enlistment to be deemed void, and the soldier discharged. Secondly, To settle who are and who are not bound to stay, three persons to be appointed by the president and council, who are to examine into the terms of enlist ment; where the original enlistments cannot be found, the soldier's oath to be admitted, to prove the time and terms of enlistment, and the soldier to be discharged upon his oath of the condition of the enlistment. First, That no non-commissioned officer or soldier Thirdly, Wherever any soldier has enlisted for three years or during the war, he is to be discharged, unless he shall appear afterwards to have re-enlisted voluntarily and freely. The gratuity of one hundred dollars given by Congress, not to be reckoned as a bounty, or any men detained in consequence of that gratuity. The commissioners to be appointed by the president and council, to adjust any difficulties which may arise on this article also. Fourthly, The auditors to attend as soon as possible, to settle the depreciation with the soldiers, and give them certificates. Their arrearages of pay to be made up as soon as circumstances will admit. Fifthly, A pair of shoes, overalls and shirt will be delivered to each soldier in a few days, as they are already purchased and ready to be sent forward, whenever the On the conclusion of the above articles the two emis fered them the promised gratuity. This, however, they declined accepting, saying, that they only obeyed the orders of their superiors the board of sergeants. The hundred guineas were then offered to the board of sergeants, who returned this remarkable answer:-"Agreeable to the information of two sergeants of our board, who waited on your excellency, that in consideration of the two spies, they informed the remainder of the board, that your excellency has been pleased to offer a sum of gold, as a compensation for our fidelity; but as it has not been for the sake, or through any expectation of receiving a reward, but for the zeal and love of our country, that we sent them immediately to General Wayne, other reward but the love of our country, and do jointly we therefore do not consider ourselves entitled to any agree, that we shall accept of no other." 10th, and being duly convicted, were executed on the The two spies were tried by a court martial on the 11th, agreeable to their sentence, near the great road leading from Philadelphia to Trenton ferry. However unjustifiable the conduct of the Pennsylvania line may and ought to be deemed in the first instance, it must be acknowledged, that they conducted themselves in the business, culpable as it was, with unexpect ed order and regularity. And their fidelity in refusing the large offers made by the enemy, in delivering up the spies, and in refusing the hundred guineas they had so justly merited, exhibits an instance of true patriotism and disinterestedness, not to be found amongst mercenary troops, who bear arms for pay and subsistence only, uninspired by their country's rights, or the justice of the cause which they have engaged to support. In pursuance of the articles agreed to, and the plan adopted, commissioners have been appointed to settle with the discontented soldiers, man by man; their terms of enlistment carefully enquired into; their wants supplied, money advanced on account of pay, and certificates given for the remainder. The commissioners have already made a considerable progress in this business, to general satisfaction, and this disagreeable affair is likely to have a better issue than could have been expected from its first appearance.-Penn. Packet. This appointment was made afterwards by the committee of Congress, as the most proper channel of authority. DR. RAMSAY'S ACCOUNT. Though General Arnold's address to his countrymen produced no effect, in detaching the soldiery of America from the unproductive service of Congress, their steadiness could not be accounted for, from any melioration of their circumstances. They still remained without pay, and without such clothing as the season required. They could not be induced to enter the British service, but their complicated distresses at length broke out into deliberate mutiny. This event which had been long expected, made its first threatening appearance in the Pennsylvania line. The common soldiers enlisted in that state, were for the most part natives of Ireland, but though not bound to America by the accidental tie of birth, they were inferior to none in discipline, courage, or attachment to the cause of independence. They had been but a few months before, the most active instruments in quelling a mutiny of the Connecticut troops, and had on all occasions done their duty to admiration. An ambiguity in the terms of their enlistment, furnished a pretext for their conduct. A great part of them were enlisted for three years or during the war, the three years were expired, and the men insisted that the choice of staying or going remained with them, while the officers contended that the choice was in the state. The mutiny was excited by the non commissioned officers and privates, in the night of the 1st of January 1781, and soon became so universal in the line of that state as to defy all opposition. The whole, except three regiments, upon a signal for the purpose, turned out under arms without their officers, and declared for a redress of grievances. The officers in vain endeavoured to quell them. Several were wounded, and a captain was killed in attempting it. General Wayne presented his pistols, as if about to fire on them; they held their bayonets to his breast and said, "we love and respect you, but if you fire you are a dead man." "We are not going to the enemy, on the contrary, if they were now to come out, you should see us fight under your orders with as much alacrity as ever; but we will be no longer amused, we are determined on obtaining what is our just due." Deaf to arguments and entreaties, they, to the number of thirteen hundred moved off in a body from Morristown, and proceeded in good order with their arms and six field pieces to Princeton. They elected temporary officers from their own body, and appointed a sergeant major, who had formerly deserted from the British army, to be their commander. Gen. Wayne forwarded provisions after them, to prevent their plundering the country for their subsistence. They invaded no man's property, farther than their immediate necessities made unavoidable. This was readily submitted to by the inhabitants, who had long been used to exactions of the same kind, levied for similar purposes by their lawful rulers. They professed that they had no object in view, but to obtain what was justly due to them, nor were their actions inconsistent with that pro fession. the troops passed over from New York to Staten Island, and the necessary arrangements were made for moving them into New Jersey, whensoever they might be wanted. The royal commander was not less disappointed than surprised to find that the faithful, though revolting soldiers, disdained his offers. The messengers of Sir Henry Clinton were seized and delivered to gen. Wayne. President Reed and General Potter were appointed, by the council of Pennsylvania, to accommodate matters with the revolters. They met them at Princeton, and agreed to dismiss all whose terms of enlistment were completed, and admitted the oath of each soldier to be evidence in his own case. A board of officers tried and condemned the British spies, and they were instantly executed. President Reed offered a purse of 100 guineas to the mutincers, as a reward of their fidelity, in delivering up the spies; but they refused to accept it, saying "That what they had done was only a duty they owed their country, and that they neither desired nor would receive any reward but the approbation of that country, for which they had so often fought and bled." By these healing measures the revolt was completely quelled; but the complaints of the soldiers being founded in justice, were first redressed. Those whose time of service was expired obtained their discharges, and others had their arrears of pay in a great measure made up to them. A general amnesty closed the business. BIOGRAPHY-WILLIAM BRADFORD, Esq. [FROM THE PORT FOLIO.] WILLIAM BRADFORD, an American lawyer of eminence, was born in Philadelphia, September 14th, 1755, and was placed early under the particular care of a very respectable and worthy clergyman a few miles from this city, from whom he received the rudiments of an education which was afterwards improved to the greatest advantage, and under the tuition of this excellent preceptor he remained, with little interruption, until he was fit to enter college. It was at this time that his father had formed a plan of keeping him at home, and of bringing him up in the insurance office which he then conducted, but so strong was the love of learning implanted in the young mind of his son, that neither persuasion, nor hopes of pecuniary advantage, could prevail with him to abandon the hopes of a liberal education, and he voluntarily offered to resign every expectation of the former from his father to obtain the advantages of the latter, by a regular course of studies. Accordingly in the spring of 1769, he was sent to Princeton, and entered the college of Nassau Hall, then under the direction of the late learned and pious Dr. John Witherspoon, where he continued with great benefit to himself till the fall of 1772, when he received the honours of the college by a degree of bachelor of arts, and in 1775 that of A. M. During his residence at this se minary he was greatly beloved by his fellow students, while he confirmed the expectations of his friends and the faculty of the college. by giving repeated evi dence of genius and taste, and at the public commencement had one of the highest honours of the class conferred upon him. He continued at Princeton till the year following, during which time an opportunity was afforded him of attending Dr. Witherspoon's excellent lectures on theology; and, from this useful teacher he received much information and general knowledge; after which he returned to the scenes of his youth, and spent several months under the instruction of his first reverend preceptor, who strove to prepare him for future usefulness by his piety, experience, and knowledge of the world. Congress sent a committee of their body, consisting of General Sullivan, Mr. Mathews, Mr. Atlee and Dr. Witherspoon, to procure an accommodation. The revolters were resolute in refusing any terms, of which a redress of their grievances was not the foundation.Every thing asked of their country, they might at any time after the 6th of January, have obtained from the British, by passing over into New York. This they refused. Their sufferings had exhausted their patience but not their patriotism. Sir Henry Clinton, by confidential messengers, offered to take them under the protection of the British government-to pardon all their past offences-to have the pay due them from Congress Thus fitted for active life, after consulting his own infaithfully made up, without any expectation of military clinations, and the advice of his friends, he fixed on the service in return, although it would be received if vo- study of the law, which he commenced under the late luntarily offered. It was recommended to them to move honourable Edward Shippen, Esq. then one of the coun behind the South river, and it was promised, that a de-cil of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and late chief tachment of British troops should be in readiness for justice of this state, where he prosecuted his studies their protection as soon as desired. In the mean time, with his usual diligence and unwearied application His In the spring of 1776 he was called upon by the peculiar circumstances of the times, to exert himself in defence of the dearest rights of human nature, and to join the standard of his country, in opposition to the oppres-triot on principle. He loved his country with the sincerest sive exactions of Britain. When the militia were called out to form the flying camp, he was chosen major of brigade to General Roberdeau, and on the expiration of his term accepted a company in Colonel Hampton's regular troops, where he was soon promoted to the station of deputy muster master-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, in which office he continued about two years, till his want of health, being of a delicate constitution, obliged him to resign his commission and return home. He now recommenced the study of the law, and in 1779 was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, where his rising character soon introduced him into an unusual share of business, and, in August 1780, only one year after he was licensed, by the recommendations of the bar, and the particular attention of his late excellency Joseph Reed, Esq. then President of the state, he was appointed Attorney General of the state of Pennsylvania. In 1784 he married the daughter of Elias Boudinot of New Jersey, counsellor at law, with whom he lived till his death in the exercise of every domestic virtue that could adorn human nature. On the reformation of the courts of justice under the new constitution of Pennsylvania, he was solicited to accept the honourable office of one of the judges of the Supreme Court, which, with much hesitation, he accepted, and was commissioned by his Excellency Governor Mifflin, August 22, 1791. ble deportment, and pleasing as well as instructing in of his fever, a few evenings before he died, he expressed terms. INTERNAL DUTIES. By an act of 18th January, 1815, the following rates of duties were imposed on the articles enumerated, to commence on the 15th April, viz. His indefatigable industry, unshaken integrity, and correct judgment, enabled him to give general satisfaction in this office, as well to the suitors as at the bar. nails, brads, and sprigs, not wrought, 1 cent per pound Upon pig iron $1 per ton-bar 1-rolled and slit 1Here he had determined to spend a considerable part of candles of white, or part white and other wax, 5 cents his life; but, on the Attorney General of the United States being promoted to the office of Secretary of per pound-do. mould, tallow, or wax, not white, or of State, Mr. Bradford was urged, by various public consi- bonnets of wool or fur, if above $2 value 8 eight per ct. each 3 cents-hats and caps, of leather, wool or fur; derations, to yield to the pressure of the occasion, and ad valorem-do. of chip or wood covered with silk or accept of that office. He accordingly resigned his other materials, or not covered, do. do.-umbrellas and judge's commission, and was appointed Attorney Gene- parasols, above $2 value, 8 per cent. ad valorem paper ral of the United States on the 28th day of January 3 per cent.-cards 50 per cent.-saddles and bridles 6 1794. This office he held till his death, when he was per cent.-boots above $5, 5 per cent.-beer &c. 6 per found at his post, in the midst of great usefulness; pos- cent.-tobacco manufactured, 20 per cent.-leather, insessing, in a high degree, the confidence of the country. cluding therein all hides and skins, whether tanned, Mr. Bradford's temper was mild and amiable, his manners were genteel, unassuming, modest, and conciliat-dressed, or otherwise made, on the original manufacing. As a public speaker, his eloquence was soft, perture thereof, 5 per cent. ad valorem. suasive, nervous, and convincing. He understood mankind well, and knew how to place his arguments and his reasonings in the most striking point of light. His language was pure, sententious, and pleasing; and he so managed most of his forensic disputes, as scarcely ever to displease his opponents; while he gave the utmost satisfaction to his clients. His close application to the law, and the litigation of the bar, did not prevent him altogether from indulging now and then his fondness for poetry; his taste and talents for which were above the common standard, and several pieces of his composition have been published. In 1793 he published "An Inquiry how far the punishment of death is necessary in Pennsylvania." This was written at the request of his excellency Governor Mifflin, and intended for the use of the Legislature, in the nature of a report; they having the subject at large under their consideration. This performance justly gained him great credit, and its happy effects are manifested wherever it has been read with attention, especially in the reformation of the penal codes of several states in the Union, where the interests of humanity have, at last, prevailed over ancient and inveterate prejudices. Mr. Bradford possessed great firmness of opinion, yet was as remarkable for his modesty and caution in delivering his sentiments. With an excellent judgment, and a quick and retentive memory, he enjoyed great equanimity of temper, was serious and steady in his general conduct, and richly endowed with genius. Of amia The duties were only laid on articles manufactured for sale, and were paid by the manufacturer. The value was regulated by the average of the market wholesale prices, as far as regarded a manufacturer who sold exclumarket retail prices. The act was repealed in 1816.— sively by wholesale,—and so in case of retail sales, by The following sums were collected in Pennsylvania. The total amount accruing in the United States under this act was $951,769 84, of which our state paid $267,978 164. Statement of the amount of duties which have accrued on various goods, wares, and merchandize manufactured in Pennsylvania from 18th of April 1815, to 22d February 1816, being the period during which those duties were in force. Iron Nails, brads, and sprigs Candles Hats, caps, and bonnets Playing and visiting cards Umbrellas and parasols Total...... $27,941 20 31,876 873 2,486 00 31,416 41 11,139 77 8 33 17,144 03 10,484 18 |