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Let, therefore, the votary of midnight excess, let the pining invalid, and finally let all the lovers of nature and solitude, at this enchanting season, repair to Bath, and ruddy cheeks and radiant eyes will soon attest, as well as the philosopher, the physician, and the chemist, the healing power of pure water, pure air, and purest joys combined.

Experiment.

J. D.

1. Litmus paper was not sensibly altered. 2. Turmeric paper remain unchanged. 3. Muriate of barytes did not produce a precipitate. 4. Acetite of lead gave a white precipitate, which, on standing, was increased.

5. Nitrate of silver produced a purple colour, and on standing, afforded a precipitate more or less coloured.

6. Oxy-sulphate of silver produced a precipitate analagous to expt. 4.

7. Solution of soap remained unaltered.
8. Caustic potash gave a brown precipitate.

9. Caustic ammonia produced the same effect. 10. Carbonate of potash struck a brown colour. 11. Nitrate of mercury afforded the same result as periment 4.

The sixth experiment confirmed expt. 4th, in producing an insoluble muriate of silver.

The seventh experiment proved the non-existence of earthy salt; if it had occurred, a turbidness would have ensued, owing to a mutual decomposition of the soap (saponule of soda) and earthy salt. If a metallic salt, such as sulphate or muriate, had been present, a turbidness would have also taken place. Expts. 8, 9 and 10, showed the existence of metallic matter, which by the use of other re-agents was proved to be iron.

Experiment 11 confirmed expt. 4, by producing a submuriate of mercury. Expt. 12 proved, that no carbonic acid was present; if it had occurred, a white precipitate, soluble with effervescence in any of the acids, would have been formed.

Although none of the earths were detected by the reagents before mentioned, yet, in order to examine the water for lime and magnesia, the 13th and 14th experiments were instituted. These, however, were unsuccessful.

Alcohol produced no precipitate, which demonstrated, agreeably to the observations of Mr. Kirwan, and ex-with the other re-agents employed, that none of the sulphates were held in solution.

12. Lime water did not produce a white precipitate, after standing some time.

13. Oxalate of potash remained unaltered. 14. Carbonate of ammonia and phosphate of soda, added one after the other, gave no precipitate.

15. Alcohol, added to an equal quantity of the water, produced no change.

16. Alcohol of galls produced a brown colour, and, on standing, gave a black precipitate.

17. Prussiate of lime produced a blue colour. 18. Triple Prussiate of potash afforded the same result.

19. Succinate of ammonia produced a brown precipi

tate.

20. Muriate of lime was not sensibly affected.

21. Solution of arsenic produced a light brown appearance.

22. Nitric acid did not produce any visible effect.
23. On exposing a portion of the water to heat, in an
evaporating dish, an ochrous deposition was formed.
24. By separating the product of expt. 23, and adding
alcohol of galls to the filtered liquor, no change of
lour ensued.

Alcohol of galls indicated the presence of iron. In consequence of the peculiar colour it produced, being analagous to the phenomena which take place under similar circumstances, by which the solvent of the metal was inferred, the presence of sulphuretted hydrogen as the menstruum of the iron was proved to exist.

Experiments 17 and 18 confirmed expt. 16, by producing the prussiate of iron; the 19th expt. also confirmed this conclusion, by affording a succinate of iron.

The 20th expt. proves the non existence of uncombined alkali; the 21st the presence of sulphur, according to Westrumb; and the 22d, that the substances present were soluble in this acid.

The 23d expt. also proves, that the solvent of the iron was a volatile, and not a fixed one; for, on the application of heat, the menstruum was carried off, and the iron deposited in the form of an oxyd.

Experiment 24 also confirms this conclusion.

The 25th expt. was instituted in order to ascertain the quantity of fixed ingredients which the water contained. Accordingly, on evaporating sixteen ounces, a residue, co-consisting of two and a quarter grains was left; after separating the saline matter, the remaining one and a half grains was the ferruginous oxyd.

25. Sixteen ounces of the water was evaporated to dryness; the residue was collected and weighed; it amounted to 2,25 gr.; of which 75 was muriate of soda. The remainder (1,50 gr.) was oxyd of iron.

26. A piece of polished silver immersed in the water, became tarnished. This effect, however, is not apparent until after some hours.

The temperature was ascertained to be the same as other spring water.

RECAPITULATION.

Experiment 26th proved the presence of hepatic or sulphurretted hydrogen gas.

Considering these experiments and inferences as conclusive, as far as they have gone, it would follow, that this water is a chalybeate, (which has heretofore been proved,*) that the iron is dissolved wholly, or in part, by sulphurretted hydrogen, and that it is accompanied by an alkaline muriate, the muriate of soda. Bath, March 25th, 1811.

See the experiments and observations of Dr. Rush, and Dr. de Normandie: the former in a treatise published in 1776, and the latter in the American Philosophical Transactions. [Port Folio.

PROCEEDINGS OF COUNCILS.
Tuesday Evening, Aug. 28th.

The first experiment indicated the non-existence of uncombined acid. Sulphuretted hydrogen, if in sufficient quantity, and nat in combination, will also affect the colour of litmus. The second experiment proved, that no alkali nor alkaline earth, if present, was in excess. That none of the sulphates, (salts formed with sulphuric acid) were held in solution, is inferred from expt. 3. Muriatic acid, however, was found to be present, from the production of muriate of lead. The fifth At a special meeting held this evening, the following experiment indicated sulphurretted hydrogen, which ex-communication was received from the city commissionisted in the state of combination, as will be hereafter ers. noticed. It may be proper to remark, that the solu- Gentlemen-The city commissioners respectfully intions of silver (the nitrate particularly) are precipita- form Councils, that the appropriation for New Paving is ted by sulphuretted hydrogen, and by hydro-sulphurets; exhausted-that an appropriation of $16,563, the differbut in this case, the precipitate instead of being white, ence between the sum estimated for the paving, orderwhich is produced wholly by muriatic acid, is more ored by resolution of April 24th, appropriations will be less of a purple or blackish colour. The precipitate necessary, in addition to the expense of paving Water in this instance is soluble in dilute nitrous acid. Extrac- street, from Spruce to Vine street, and for paving the live matter has also this effect; but its presence was not following streets, &c. since ordered, for which no approdetected. priation has been made viz:

Portland lane.

Third street from Chesnut to Walnut street. Union street from Third to Fourth. Swanwick street.

Strawberry street.

Two twenty feet streets between Locust and Walnut street, and Twelfth and Thirteenth streets-and one other running north and south from them. Relief alley.

High street through Penn Square.
Lodge Alley and Hawk alley.

For the paving of which an appropriation of $29,900 will be wanted, including the $16,563 above mentioned. This sum is required on the presumption that all the paving ordered will be finished, of which there is from present appearances, no doubt.

They also respectfully inform Councils that an appropriation of $2500 will be required for unpaved streets No 2, to meet the present expenditure, and to do what is indispensably necessary in the streets connected with Schuylkill Front, and to put Mulberry and Chesnut streets in order for paving next year, in compliance with a resolution of Councils passed April 9th 1828. When the estimate for unpaved streets was made, it was not contemplated to regulate Mulberry street, Chesnut street, Ashton, and Schuylkill 2d north of High, and Schuylkill 3d south of High, which was done by order of Councils; the expenses of which, as far as completed, have been charged to that appropriation. By order of the city commissioners.

ROBERT H. SMITH, City Clerk. Referred to committee of Ways and Means. The following communication was received from the Board of Health.

Health Office, Philadelphia, Aug. 21st, 1828. The Board of Health respectfully recommend to the city councils, to pave Gille's Alley, for the purpose of correcting a nuisance therein, consisting of mud, putrifying animal and vegetable matter, &c. &c. capable of engendering disease, and endangering the health of its inhabitants, and which can only be remedied by paving. CORN'S. COMEĞYS, President of Board of Health.

R. Egglesfield Griffith, Secretary. Referred to city commissioners. Messrs. Lowber, Troth, Read, and Hale, were appointed to prepare and report a memorial to the Legislature, praying them to invest the corporation of the city, under proper regulations, with power to require the owners of property bounding on private alleys, to have the same regulated and paved.

The following letter was received. Kensington, Aug. 28th, 1828. To the select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia.

Gentlemen-In accordance with a resolution of the Board of Commissioners of the Kensington District of the Northern Liberties, I have the honour herewith, to present you with a copy of the Acts incorporating the said District, with the ordinances, &c. passed by said Board.

I have the honour to remain, respectfully, your obd't.

servant,

ROBERT HODGSON,

Clerk to commissioners of K. District. On motion of Mr. Lowber, it was Resolved, That the clerk of councils be directed to present to the commissioners of Kensington, a copy of the city ordinances

neatly bound and lettered.

Mr. Troth presented a petition from three citizens owning property fronting on said alley, remonstrating against any alteration in the existing regulation. Phil. Gaz.

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

Some of

It will be seen by the following address of the Trustees of our University, that the new arrangements in which they have been for some time engaged, are completed, with the exception of one Professorship which remains yet vacant, and which we fear will not be easily supplied by an individual so agreeable to the community as the late incumbent. To the Address, which has been already extensively circulated, we would invite the attention of our readers. We cannot but hope that the changes which have been made in the government of the Institution will be found to answer the best expectations of its friends: and that the talents and exertions of the New Faculty will insure a large share of public confidence and patronage. The individuals upon whom the Trustees have fixed their choice, are men it is presumed well qualified for their stations. them have been long known as successful instructors. It has been a matter of regret and surprise, that an institution so well endowed, and in many respects presenting great advantages for the education of young men, should have met with so small a share of patronage from the community in general: and more particularly, that in the midst of us, it should not have engaged in its support the pride and partiality of the citizens of Philadelphia. But parents and guardians, have preferred sending their sons and wards abroad; removing them far from the salutary restraints of parental authority, and exposing them to the contagion of evil example, and the corruption of their morals, as so frequently happens to youth, where they are only subject to the partial supervision which their instructors can exercise over them. In the most dangerous season of their life, they are committed to the care of strangers. At that period of opening manhood, when young men are but too prone to forget the restraints of morality; when habits and a character are forming which will in all probability be intimately connected with their future respectability and happiness, they are cast into the company of those of their own age, whose principles are as little established as their own. We know the opportunities which such a situation presents for wickedness. We have seen its demoralizing tendency in many lamentable instances: the hopes of parents and friends blasted, and the life of the individual rendered useless, which under other circumstances might have proved highly ornamental— There is it is true a' diversity of sentiment on the subject, and it may be replied, that nothing surely is more to be dreaded to the morals of the young than the temptations of a city. We believe these are not so great and importunate as they are found where youth are collected

Mr. Donaldson presented a communication from sun-in our country colleges,-and that nothing can compendry citizens, owning property on Lodge Alley, running sate for the want of parental inspection. In addition to from Seventh to Eighth street, between Chesnut and what we have said, it may be observed, that the exMarket. They state that they own 388 feet of real estate fronting on said alley, which real estate is taxed penses attending an education at the Pennsylvania Uniannually $1430 78; and that they are in favour of hav-versity are by no means so great as those at most other ing said alley, regulated, widened, and repaired.

institutions, and that many parents can with more con

venience to themselves afford to educate their children at home, than incur the additional expense of maintenance abroad. We shall therefore rejoice to see the University offering such facilities to parents as to induce them to retain their offspring in the city, and trust that parents will not withhold from that institution the necessary encouragement to enable the Trustees to persevere in every endeavour to elevate it to a very high rank among the literary institutions of our country.

weigh the advantages and hazards of sending youth at an early age, beyond the reach of parental control, it is sufficient to know, that there are many families, who are unwilling to relinquish to strangers, the moral, as well as the intellectual cultivation of their children, and there are, perhaps, still more, to whom the expense of sending their sons to a distance, is very burdensome. To both these classes, the University of Pennsylvania, offers great attraction. It enables them to keep their children at home, within the influence of those domestic affections, which addressing at the same time the heart and the understanding of youth, are alike among the best access to as valuable sources of instruction, as could be reached by the sacrifice of these ties. From the nature of the relations too, which exist between the pupils and Professors, there is little room for insubordination, and still less for those acts of violence which have disturbed the peace of other Seminaries, while this institution has been entirely exempt from them. The Professor here, dies of his pupil. The superintendance of his deportment out of the university, belongs to his parents or guardians. There is, therefore, no personal or detailed inspection, none of the sources of complaint, on the subject of personal comforts or restrictions-and the Professor, freed from all collision on these irritating topics, can exact, and will probably receive, a more willing obedience, in matters belonging exclusively to his instruction. If the absence of this personal superintendance of the Professors, secures them a greater de

The Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsyl-means, and the great ends of education; while they have vania having completed the arrangements for a new organization of the Department of Arts, have now the satisfaction of announcing to the public, that the Studies of the Institution will be resumed on the 15th of September, upon a more extended and efficient system. This notice, they deem it proper to accompany with some explanation, in regard to the Professors to whose care the students are hereafter to be principally committed--is the Tutor, the friend, and the companion of the stuthe nature and extent of their studies-and finally, the advantages which seem to recommend the position of the University as particularly favourable to the education of youth.

The Faculty of Arts is now composed of the following Professors.

1. Professor of Moral Philosophy, and Provost of the University-The Rev. WILLIAM H. DELANCEY. Assistant Professor of Moral Philosophy-The Rev. EDWARD RUTLEDGE.

2d Vice Provost, and Professor of Mathematics-Dr.gree of discipline in their studies, its place may be more

ROBERT ADRAIN.

3d Professor of Languages-The Rev. Dr. SAMUEL B. WYLIE.

The Professorship of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, has not yet been filled; but the Board feel confident of obtaining the services of some distinguished instructor in those branches, in time for the commencement of the session.

Of these gentlemen, the two last have been long distinguished for their talents, and success in the instruction of youth; and the merits of the others may be well inferred, from the possession of the learning, the moral character, and the other estimable qualities, which have recommended them to the unanimous suffrages of the Trustees.

than supplied by the domestic care of parents and guardians, and the restraints of well regulated society. In this last respect, the situation of the University is deemed singularly fortunate.

It will not be considered as the expression of mere local partiality, to say, that the general tone of morals and manners in Philadelphia is at least equal, to that of cities, of similar size elsewhere,-and that the cultivation of science and the arts-more general, perhaps, in this city, than in any other of the Union-has diffused throughout the community a taste for liberal studies,and contributed to form the sober, pious, and regular habits, which characterize Philadelphia. These associations cannot fail to influence the flexible minds of youth, by stimulating their industry-by protecting The course of education pursued in the University their leisure from the seductions of dissipation-and by will be hereafter announced in detail by the Faculty, and inspiring a respect and fondness for the pure morals, need not now be further described, than as comprising the literary tastes, and the intellectual amusements the whole circle of instruction usual among similar Se- which surround them. In such a community, youth minaries of learning in our country. Its object is to com- may be reared under the eye of their parents, with municate a profound and critical knowledge of the clas-comparatively little danger of injury from bad example, sics; an extensive acquaintance with the different and even strangers may pursue their studies at but branches of mathematical science, natural philosophy and chemistry, combined with all the varieties of knowledge, comprehended within the sphere of moral philosophy, logic, rhetoric, metaphysics, and the evidences of Christianity.

This course of instruction will occupy four years, beginning with the lowest class, although, as in other universities, students properly qualified, will be allowed admission into the more advanced classes.

small risk from the contagion of those vicious habits usually ascribed to large cities. The same education moreover would not probably be obtained elsewhere on terms so reasonable. While the students reside with their families, the whole expense of instruction is Sixty Dollars a year, and students from a distance may readily find accommodation in highly respectable and well ordered families on the most moderate terms. Nor is it a slight advantage, that while engaged in the approThe college year is divided into two terms; the first priate studies of the University, the pupils may find amcommencing in September and ending in March; the ple employment for their hours of leisure, in acquiring second beginning in March and ending in July, leaving all the ornamental parts of education, with great ease only one vacation of about six weeks in midsummer. and economy, from the best masters; and in the departThe price of tuition is at the rate of sixty dollars a year.ment of modern languages, the city affords the conveSuch are the means and opportunities provided by the Board of Trustees. They have the highest confidence in the eminent teachers, whom they have selected -and whose success will be greatly promoted by some collateral advantages in the position of the University, not so fully enjoyed elsewhere. Without intending to discuss the question, which will probably be always an undecided question, of the comparative benefits of private or public instruction, and without meaning to

nience, not merely of accomplished instructors, but of that scarcely less efficient, aid-personal intercourse with respectable inhabitants of the countries where these languages prevail.

The Board of Trustees now submit their arrangements to the community, with a confident belief, that ample means of education are provided at the University; and that both the residents of the city, as well as strangers, may safely confide their children and friends

to the care of the gentlemen who conduct the institu- The constant influx of settlers from the eastern states

tion:

WM. WHITE;
President of the Board of Trustees.

Jos. REED, Secretary.
Philadelphia, August 30, 1828.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.

is also a considerable object. Being stopped, for the present, by the Indian disturbances from swarming into the western territory, many of them may be encouraged to make a halt or settlement in this state, if they find good roads and communications in the different parts thereof.

It may be proper, therefore, before we proceed farther, to subjoin a general statement of the various communications and improvements of which Pennsylvania is capable in this way; so far as relates to navigation. DELAWARE NAVIGATION

From the tide water at Trenton falls to lake Otsego, the head of the north east branch of Susquehanna.

No. I.

Miles. Ch.

From Trenton falls to the mouth of Lehigh at
Easton,

To Lechewacksin branch of Delaware,
Thence to Stockport on Delaware, a little be-
low the junction of the Mohock and Popach-
ton branches,

50 15 94 12

In 1789, "The Society for promoting the improvement of ROAD AND INLAND NAVIGATION," was formed, having in a short time about one hundred members residing in various parts of the State, whose meeting was to be held on every Monday evening during the session of the legislature, in order to suggest information, schemes and proposals for promoting internal trade manufactures and population, by facilitating every possible communication between the different parts of the state. In 1791, that Society in the following memorial presented to the legislature a comprehensive view of the various routes for canals and roads, with estimates of the expenses; which they conceived, best calculated to promote the great end for which the Society was established. It may be curious to compare their ideas, and views, and estimates with those entertained at the present day, so far as the same routes have been pursued. To the Honourable the Senate & House of Representatives From the tide water on Delaware to Oswego on Lake On of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met:

The memorial of "The Society for promoting the improvement of roads and inland navigation," Respectfully Sheweth,

That your memorialists, residing in various parts of this state, with a view to contribute their best endeavors to promote the internal trade, manufactures and population of their country, by facilitating every possible communication between the different parts of the state, have lately formed themselves into a society, by the name above mentioned. And knowing that the legislature, with the laudable intention of advancing the best interests of this commonwealth, and availing themselves of the extensive information, which they have obtained of the geography and situation of the country, have now under their consideration the important subject of roads and inland navigation; we, therefore, beg leave, with all possible deference, to suggest some important considerations which have occurred to us in our enquiries into this subject.

Pennsylvania, from her situation, and extent of territory, is a respectable commonwealth in the Union. Her - soil is fertile, her products various, and her rivers, by the bountiful Author of Nature, have been made to flow

Portage from Stockport to Harmony, at the
Great Bend,

Thence up the north east branch of Susque-
hanna to Otsego lake,

No. II.

tario.

To Harmony, at the Great Bend of Susque-
hanna, as above,

Down Susquehanna to the mouth of Tioga,
Up Tioga to Newtown,

Portage to Conedessago lake, which may be
turned wholly into lock navigation by New-
town creek,

Down Connedessago lake,

Down Sencca or Onandago river to Oswego,

66 24 20 00 70 00

300 51

230 51

65 00 18 00

18 00 36.00 86 00

453 51

[blocks in formation]

great lakes on the west.

in every direction, as if on purpose to bear from all 1s connected with Schuylkill on the east, and Ohio and the parts the wealth and produce of the land, in an easy, cheap and expeditious manner, to her principal mart and port in the city of Philadelphia. To combine the interests of all the parts of the state, and to cement them From Philadelphia, or the tide waters of Schuylkill, to

in a perpetual commercial and political union, by the improvement of those natural advantages, is one of the greatest works which can be submitted to legislative wisdom; and the present moment is particularly auspicious for the undertaking, and if neglected, the loss may never be retrieved.

When once our trade hath forced its way, even thro' a less advantageous channel, it is difficult to alter its course; and a little expense, judiciously and seasonably applied, may retain a stream in its channel, which with inmense sums cannot be restored, if once diverted from it. Large emigrations from Europe are now directing their course to this country, and will be encouraged by every improvement we make, by means of roads and water communications with the distant parts of the state.

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