Discription of Salem Its a Small Sea Port Towne. Consists of abt 4501 Houses, Several of which are neat Buildings, but all of wood, and Covers a Great Deal of Ground, being at a Conveniant Distance from Each Other, with fine Gardens back their Houses. the Town is Situated on a Neck of Land Navagable on either Side is abt 2 Miles in Lenght Including the Builds Back the Towne, has a main Street runs directly trough, One Čurch 3 Presbiterian and One Quakers Meeting. the Situation is Very Pretty &c. The Trade Consists Chiefly in the Cod Fishery, they have ab 60 or 70 Sail Schooners Employd in that Branch. Saw abt 30 Sail in the Harb' have then ab 40 at Sea. They Cure all their Own Cod for Markett, Saw there a Vast Number Flakes Cureing, in the Harbour Lay also two Topsail Vessells and three Sloops. on Exams into the Fishery find it a very adventag Branch.

MARBLEHEAD.

Wee arived at Marblehead at abt 10 a Clock, which is ab 4 Miles by Land, trough a Pleasent Country and good Roades, and is about 1 Miles by Water, it forms a Bay, Marblehead lays on the Eastermost part of the Land but y west Side the Bay, and Salem on a Point, the westermost part the Land and Easttermost Side the Bay, before you Enter Marblehead the Roads are Excessive Stoney and Land very Rockey, affording only very Little Pasture Ground, Put up at M'. Reads where Breakfast and Then went to see the Towne of Marblehead, has abt 450 Houses all wood and Clapboarded the Generallity Miserable Buildings, Mostly Close in with the Rocks, with Rockey foundations Very Cragy and Crasey. The whole Towne is Built upon a Rock, which is Heigh and Steep to the water. The Harbour is Shelterd by an Island, which Runs along Parralell to it, and brakes of the Sea, Vessells may Ride here Very safe, there is a Path or way downe to the warf which is but Small and on which is a Large Ware House, where they Land their Fish &c. From this heigh Cliffty Shore it took its Name, I saw abt 5 Topsail Vessells and abt 10 Schooners and Sloops in the Harbour, they had then abt 70 Sail Schooners a Fishing, with ab' 600 Men and Boys imployd in the Fishery, they take Vast Quantitys Cod, which they Cure heere Saw Several Thousand Flakes then Cureing. This Place is Noted for Children and Noureches the most of any Place for its Bigness in North America, it's Said the Chief Cause is attributed to their feeding on Cods Heads, &c. which is their Principall Diett. The Greatest Distaste a Person has to this Place is the Stench of the Fish, the whole Air seems Tainted with it. It may in Short be Said its a Dirty Erregular Stincking Place. About Eleven Sett out from Marblehead and ab' One Arived at Linn Dynd upon a Fine Mongrell Goose at M' Wards, after Dinner Proceed on Our Journey Past trough Mistick which is a Small Town of abt a hundred Houses Pleasently Situated near to which is a Fine Country Seat belonging to M'. Isaac Royall3 being One of

1 Salem had (May 1, 1868), 3053 dwelling-houses, and about 21,000 inhabitants. 2 Marblehead had (May 1, 1868), 960 dwelling-houses, and about 7500 inhabitants. 3 Col. Isaac Royall was born in Antigua, W. I., in 1719, while his father was a merchant there. In 1732 his father erected in Medford, Mass., the house referred to in the text, which is still standing in good condition, and died in 1739. "Its exterior (says a writer in the Boston Transcript, May 5, 1869) is said to have been after a nobleman's house in Antigua, and was the most expensive and elegant residence of the town. It is built of bricks made from clay found upon the estate, presenting a strong, substantial appearance." Col. Isaac succeeded to his father's estate and occupied this mansion, "which (says the same writer) still continues to be called the old Royall House. Here he lived, in elegant style for the period, for nearly forty years, entertaining with hearty liberality, and ranking among the great men of the community for hospitality, charity, and honor. In private life he was upright, and possessed the esteem and respect of his fellow townsmen. He was a warm supporter of Christian institutions, and like many others of the time, strict in his

the Grandest in N. America Arived at Charles Towne abt 7 a Clock and Crosed the Ferry at North End and Came to Mr. Wendells ab' 8 a Clock and Spent the Evening at Mr. Jacob Wendells where Spent the Evening with Several Gentlemen.

BOSTON.

October 22 and 234. Being now most my time Imploid about the Ship' affairs, went to See Mr. Heylegher at his Lodgeings from thence to Change &c. Dynd at Mr. Wendells and Spent the Evenings there and with some Comp at Weatherheads.

October 24th. Went to the Ship from thence to weatherheads and to Change Dynd with M'. Jacob Wendell with Several Gent" and where very merry in the afternoon we went to the Ware house upon Long wharf, in the Evening went to the Lodge with Nath' Ferriter Cap'. Colvill or Lord Colvil Capt. of the Stationed Man of War, when M. Wm. Coffin Presided in the Chair, from thence went to Spend the Evening with M'. Tho® Bulfinch Agreeab to Promise where found a Large Comp Gent" we Supd in a Verry Grand manner and where Exceeding Merry Drinking Toast and Sing Songs almost to 3 in the Morning broke up.

October 25th. Went to the Ship and Dined at Capt. McGlaughlins after Dinner Mr. Jacob Wendell and Abraham Wendell and Self took Horse and

religious observances. He was prominent in all public improvements and charities, and accounts of his munificence are upon the public records. He represented his fellow-citizens at the general court for many years, generally returning his salary to the town. While a member of the house of representatives he presented the chandelier which adorned its hall for many years. He was also a member of the governor's council for twenty-two years, under a mandamus from the crown.

Like many of the gentlemen of that day, he was the possessor of a few slaves as domestic servants, but he was a kind and humane master. He inherited them from his father, who brought several with him from Antigua, and who petitioned the general court to remit the duty of four pounds per head upon them, as he imported them for his own use, and not to sell." His petition was laid on the table, where it still remains.

That Colonel Royall had the welfare of the public at heart, and served his fellow citizens with fidelity, there can be no doubt, as he himself said afterward: When in the general court, I made the public good my aim in everything that I endeavored to do, which I think every man ought to do. Still he halted between two opinions in regard to the question of the revolution. He loved his country, but neither supported her in her asserted rights and position, or upheld the measures of her oppressors.

Amid the confusion and excitement of the first encounters which took place so near him at Concord and Lexington, his fears prevailed, and he fled. He endeavored to secure a passage from Salem for Antigua, but failed. He afterwards proceeded to Newburyport, and from thence reached Halifax in May, 1775. After remaining there for some time, he sailed for England, where he resided until his death, by small pox, in 1781. His estates being confiscated, the income of the property in Medford was duly paid into the state treasury, until, in 1805-6, the legislature released the estates to the heirs for sixteen thousand pounds sterling.

By his will, he gave evidence of his attachment to the community which he deserted, by leaving one hundred acres of land for the use of the common schools of Medford, and to the church which he attended he gave some silver plate. He left to Harvard College two thousand acres of land to found a professorship of law, which, in 1815, had accumulated sufficient funds to effect the establishment of the Royall Professorship of Law, now one of the most popular endowments of the college.

The town of Royalston, Mass., was named in compliment to him, as one of the first proprietors of land in that region.

Mr. Brooks, in his history of Medford, says, 'It is apparent that he loved his country and his friends; and could he have been assured at the outset that the United States would secure their independence, and that he should be the undisturbed possessor of his beautiful country scat in Medford, he would have given generously for the cause of freedom. But he was timid, and supposed, as such men generally did, the army and navy of Great Britain would soon be here to burn, sink and destroy. His valor counselled him to run. He was a tory against his will. It was the frailty of his blood more than the fancy of his judgment. Not that he loved the colonies less, but England more. He wanted that unbending, hickory toughness which the times required. New-England needed men who were as splinters from her own granite hills, but he was not one of that type."

went to See Cambridge which is a neat Pleasant Village and Consists of ab' an Hundred Houses and three Collages, which are a Plain Old Fabrick of no manner of Archetect and the Present much Out of Repair is Situated on one side the Towne and forms a Large Square, its Apartments are Pretty Large The Library is very Large and well Stored with Books, but much Abused by Frequent use. The Repositerry of Curiosities which was not Over well Stock'd. Saw 2 Human Skellitons a Peice Neigro Hide Tand &c. Hornes and Bones of Land and Sea Animals, Fishes, Skins of Different Animals Stuff'd &c. the Skull of a Famous Indian Warrior, where was, Also the Moddell of the Boston Man of warr of 40 Guns Compleatly Rig'd &c. Drank a Glass Wine with the Collegians Returnd and Stopt at Richardsons where Bought Some Fowles, and Came home in the Even". which we Spent togeather at Weatherheads with Sundy Gentlemen.

October 26th. After Breakfast went with M2. Abraham Wendell to Markett bo some Potatoes Cabage Turnips Fowels &c. for Sea Store, then went to the Ship and Agreeable to Promise Dyn'd with Mr. Sam' Hugh's Merch wth Sundy Gent" and Ladies.

October 27th. Being now most my time Employd abt the Ships affairs Dyn'd at Capt. McGlaughlins with Sundry Gent" after which took a Walk to Groton where we drank Punch at Mr. Jarvis" and where spent the Evening it being Only three Miles from Towne and a Pleasant Night had a fine walk. October 28th. Stormy weather Stayd at Home all day Makeing Out Ships Acco &c.

October 29th. Went to the Ship. Call at Mr. Hunts Ship Carpenter and at Mr. Ingersons About a New Ship went to weatherheads and to Change, and Dynd at Capt. Jacob Wendells with Several Gent" and Spent the Even at Weatherheads with Sundry Gent".

October 30th. Went to the Ship, Weatherheads and to Change, from thence went and Dynd at Cap'. Wendells. Being his Majesties Birthday the Loyal healths' where drank, we haveing an Invitation from M'. Thomas Pierson Spent the Evening with him Singing Songs Drinking Loyall Toasts &c. being Joynd by the Ladies, who shewd their Loyalty by accomp us Singing &c. I Omitted, at noone went with Cap' Wendell to the Councill Chamber in the Towne House where drank the Loyall Toasts with the Lieut Govern' Councill &c.

October 31st. Went to the Ship from thence to Weatherheads and to Change, Dynd at the Cap's Lodging with Sundry Comp haveing drank a Glass Excellent wine at M'. Heiligers, went with M'. Abraham Wendell Over to Charles Towne to agree with Mr. Modling about a Vessell wh Could not Get him to Build after my Dimentions, being to Extortionate Spent the Evening with Sundry Gentlemen at Weatherheads.

Novemb' 1st. This Being a General Thanksgiveing day, was Strictly Observed heere and more so by the Presbyterians, its Call their Christmas, and is the Greatest Holyday they have in the Year it is Observed more Strict then Sunday. Went to Meeting with Cap'. Wendell and Family and where Dynd with a Large Comp Gent" and Ladies and where very Merry had a Good deal Chat and Spent the Evening at Mr. Jacob Wendells with a Large

1 Capt. Goelet's experience in Boston shows that the good people had sadly departed from the standard set by Gov. Winthrop in the matter of "drinking of healths," and that the statute on the subject had become a dead letter.

2 Thanksgiving-day has ceased to be a strictly religious occasion. Christmas is now generally observed by the different sects in New-England. Mr. Franklin B. Hough, of Albany, has compiled and published a valuable collection of Thanksgiving Proclamations, with historical notes.

Company Sup'd Drank A Number Bumpers and Sung Our Songs &c. till

morns.

November 24. After Breakfast went down to the Ship from thence to weatherhead and to Change dynd with Some Co at Mr. Graces and Spent the Evening at Mr. Weatherheads with Comp".

November 34. Haveing been most the Evening Employ'd about the Ships affairs went to Weatherheads and to Change Dynd with Cap'. Wendell after Dinner went to M'. Heylegher where were Several Gentlemen where Spent the Evening and where very Merry singing a Number Songs and towards Morning Parted Good Friends and went with Mr. Jacob and Abraham Wendell Home to Our Lodgings.

November 4th. Being Sunday Pas'd the Morning at Home in Readeing after Dinner went with three Gent" my Acquaintence to the King's Chappel and was Introduced to a Seat this Building is a Plain Piece Architect and all Built of wood Clapboarded it was Built in 1688 and Inlarged in 1710 of which the Reverend Mr. Brockwell is Rector, he then read the Prayers and Mr. Canner Gave the discourse out of St. James 1st Ch 27th vs. This Old Fabrick is much upon the Decay. They are Now Laying a Foundation for a New Church' in Lieu thereof.

November 5th. After Breakfast went down to the Ship which was now almost in Order Haveing taken her Cargoe in again from thence went to Weatherheads and to Change dynd at Capt. Wendells with a Large Co Gentlemen after dinner went with some of the Comp to ye North End the Towne Bo' some Limes &c. where we saw the Devil and the Pope &c. Carried abt by the Mob represented in Effegy very drole soone after see two more of them, but the Justices feareing some Outrages may be Committed Put a Stop to them. Being now all most ready to Sale, I determined to Pay my way in time, which I accordingly did at Mr. Graces at the Request M'. Heylegher and the Other Gentlemen Gave them a Good Supper with Wine and Arack Punch Galore, where Exceeding Merry Drink" Toasts Singing roareing &c. untill Morning when Could Scarce see One another being Blinded by the Wine Arack &c. we where in all ab 20 in Comp3.

2

November 6th. After Breakfast went and Got in all my Accounts &c. from Change went and Dynd with Cap. Wendell, where I was the whole After Noone Settl Our Acco. The Ship &c Getting them Coppy'd and Tesstifyed in the Office Sign'd by the Proper Officers. On Account the Insurance made on her to Recover Damages &c. In the Evening Compleated the whole, with the Surveyors, Naval Officers &c. took Coppy the Acco &c. advised them in some Perticulars Sup'd and Spent the rem' the Evening in Examining Accounts &c.

November 7th. Having Settled with Capt. Wendell all the Ships Accounts &c. Paid Washer Women and Barber Sent on board my Chest. Beding Cabbin Stores &c. went to Change where took Leave Several Gentlemen my Acquaintence &c. Went and Dynd with Capt. Wendell with Several Friends after Dinner haveing drank a Glass Wine, Took my Leave of the Family, and went downe to the Ship Accompanied with Mes" Wendell and all the Gent" my acquaintance. Drank a Parting Bowl On Board my Ship Took my Leave of them, Cast Loose from the wharf went under Sail under Our Topsails with a Fine Breese at S.W.

1 The edifice here referred to, and which is still standing, was built upon the site of its predecessor, and opened for service August 1, 1754.

2 The absurd custom of observing "Pope's-night" is now happily confined to the most "provincial" towns, or communities.

Boston the Metropolis of North America Is Accounted The Largest Town upon the Contenant, Haveing about Three Thousand Houses in it, about two Thirds them Wooden Framed Clap Boarded &c. and some of them Very Spacious Buildings which togeather with their Gardens about them Cover a Great deal Ground they are for the most Part Two and three Stories high mostly Sashd. Their Brick Buildings are much better and Stronger Built, more after the Modern Taste all Sashd and Prety well Ornamented haveing Yards and Gardens Adjoyning Also. The Streets are very Erregular the Main Streets are Broad and Paved with Stone the Cross Streets are but Narrow mostly Paved Except towards the Outskirts the Towne. The Towne Extends ab two Miles in Lenght North and South and is in some places mile and Others mile Broad has One Main Street Run the whole Length The Towne from North to South and Tolerable broad the Situation is Vastly Pleasant being on a Neck Land The Tide Flowing on Each Side that Part the Towne may be termed an Island, the water which Parts it from the Main Contenant is about 20 Foot Over with draw Bridges and where the Tide Runs very Strong trough. The Harbour is defended by a Strong Castle of a Hundred Guns Built upon An Island where the Shipping must pass by and within Hale its Situation is Extroardenary as it Commands on Every Side and is Well Built and kept in Exceeding Good Order. The Tyde in the Harbour Flows about 12 or 13 Foot Perpendicular at the Full and Change moon its Very Inconvenient for Loaded Vessells, as they have not more then 12 Foot water at the End the Long wharf, which wharf is noted the Longest in North America being near half an English Mile in Lenght and runs direct out. One side whereof is full of whare Houses from One End to the Other. The Bostoniers Build a Vast Numb" Vessells for Sale from Small Sloops up to Topsail Vessells from a Hundred Tons to 3, 4 and 5 Hundred Tons, and are noted for Good Sailing Vessels, they Runn mostly upon keene Built and very strong Counted about 15 Saile upon Stocks, which they Launch in Cradills at the full and Change the Moon. This Place has about Twelve Meeting Houses and Three Curches which are all Very Indifferent Buildings of no manner of Architect but Very Plain at the North End they have a Ring of Bells, which are but Very Indifferent.' They have but One Markett' which is all Built of Brick about Eighty Foot Long and Arch'd on Both Sides being Two Stories heigh the upper part Sashd, which Comprehends Several The Publick Offices the Towne, at the Southermost End is the Naval Office The Middle The Surveyars the Marketts Offices They have Also a Town House Built of Brick, Situated in Kings Street, Its a very Grand Brick Building Arch'd all Round and Two Storie Heigh Sashd above, its Lower Part is always Open Designd as a Change, tho the Merchants in Fair weather make their Change in the Open Street at the Eastermost End, in the upper Story are the Council and Assembly Chambers &c. it has a Neat Cupulo Sashd all round and which on rejoycing days is Elluminated, As to Government Boston is dependent and Subordinate to Englands for its Laws &c. being a Kings Government. The Governour is a Person appointed from Home who Represents his Majesty. The Governm Laws are Compyld by the Councill and Great and General Assembly. the Former Represents the House of Loards and the Latter the

There are now about 130 church-edifices in Boston, several of which were erected at great cost; but we fear that to some of even the more costly Capt. Goelet's felicitous designation-"of no manner of architect "-will apply. From the barn-like plainness of the interior of Puritan meeting-houses, we have already run to the other extreme-to a style equally suitable for music-halls, theatres, and restaurants.

2 Fanenil-Hall.

3 Old State-House-which, like Faneuil-Hall, is still standing!