Coal, nature and formation of, 150, 151.
Coal-fields of America, &c., 175.
Coal-fields of Britain, their value and
accessibility, 185.
Coal-fields of Britain, probable dura-
tion of, 174.
Coal-measures, flora of, 167.
Coal-measures, their economic value,
173.
Coals of the oolitic system, 148, 149.
Coals of the secondary systems, 148.
Coccosteus, fish of the old red sand-
stone, 138.
Colossochelys, fossil turtle of India,
Dinornis, extinction of, in New Zea-
land, 274.
Dinosaurus, huge secondary reptile,
Diplocanthus, spiny fish of old red
sandstone, 138.
Diprotodon, tertiary marsupial of Aus-
tralia, 208.
Dirt-bed or fossil soil of Portland, 197.
Distribution of land aud water in the
future, 313.
Dodo, extinction of, in Mauritius, 274.
Dressings, glacial, on rock-surfaces, 235.
Drifts from river action, 255.
Dura Den, its fossil fish-beds, 137.
Dykes and veins, distinctions between,
102.
Glacial epoch, theories and hypotheses,
243.
Glacial groovings and striations, 235.
GLACIAL OR ICE EPOCH, THE, 231-248.
Glacier motion, description of, by
Forbes, 221.
Glaciers, formation and effects of, 219.
Glyptodon, tertiary mammal, 207.
Gold-drifts in creeks and gullies, 255.
Granitic rocks, summary of, 62.
Graptolites of the silurian system, 95.
Ground-ice, nature and effects of, 226.
Guano deposits, their age and magni-
tude, 268.
Hail, nature and formation of, 215.
Haughton, Professor, quoted, 208.
Heat, metamorphic effects of, 73.
Heer, Professor, on current flora of
Europe, 274.
Historic and pre-historic formations,
Hoar-frost, production of, 215.
Holoptychius, fish of old red sand-
stone, 138.
Hot springs in connection with volcan-
oes, 55.
Hull's Coal-fields of Great Britain,'
174.
Human and pre-human formations, 273.
Human remains and implements in
Europe, 290.
Humboldt, on relative ages of rocks,
24-on earthquakes, 57.
Hutton, Dr, on our knowledge of the
future, 321.
Hutton, Dr, quoted, 35.
Hyænodon, tertiary carnivore, 210.
Hypozoic rocks, definition of, 99.
Ice, formation and nature of, 214.
Ice, general functions of, 229.
Ice in the atmosphere, 215.
ICE, ITS FORMS AND FUNCTIONS, 213-230.
Ice on land, 216.
Ice, preservative effects of, 229.
Icebergs, their formation and magni-
tude, 222.
Ice-caverns, Mr Browne's account of,
223.
Ichthyosaurus, secondary reptile, 195.
Igneous agencies, geological results of,
Igneous phenomena of carboniferous
era, 165.
Igneous rocks, volcanic, trappean, and
granitic, 62.
Industrial importance of geology, 32.
Infusorial or microphytal earths, 211.
Inorganic and organic, difference be-
tween, 307.
Interior of the globe, supposed nature
of, 18.
Intermediate forms of the tertiary
epoch, 208.
Iron, bronze, and stone ages, relative
antiquities, 291.
Iron, its applications and importance,
180.
Ironstones of the coal formation, 180.
Jukes, Professor, quoted, 209.
Kjökken-mödding of Denmark, &c., 295.
Labyrinthodon, character of, 195.
Lacustrine formations of current era,
256.
Lake-dwellings of Europe, 257.
Lake-dwellings of Europe, apparent age
of, 294.
Land and water of the future, 313.
Landes de Bourdeaux, origin of, 263.
Laurentian system, its rocks and fos-
sils, 87.
Lava cones, general slope of, 52.
Lava discharges, magnitude of, 271.
Law of progression, incessant operation
of, 331, 333.
Levels of England, their formation, 259.
Life, as a branch of natural science, 318.
Life, first traces of, 97.
Life, future distributions of, 326.
Life, its forms and functions, 309.
Life, its grades and arrangements, 310.
Life, its origin and first appearance, 306.
Life, its progressive ascent in time, 312.
Life, its relations and physical condi-
tions, 308.
Lignites of Austria, their value, 148
Lignites or brown coals, nature of, 147.
Limestone, its applications and import-
ance, 181.
Limestones of the carboniferous sys-
tem, 161.
Links or sand-drifts of British shores,
262.
Littoral concrete, nature and origin of,
71.
Littoral concrete, its formation, 71.
Logan, Sir William, on Eozoon, 89.
Logan, Sir William, on Laurentian sys-
tem, 87.
Lyell on tertiary formations, 203.
Lyell's, Sir Charles, description of
Richmond coal, 149.
Magnetic currents, metamorphic effects
of, 74.
Mammals, age of, 207.
Mammals, marsupial, of the oolite, 196.
Mammoth, extinction of, in Europe, 273.
Mammoth remains, how preserved in
Siberia, 230.
Mammothian stage of post-tertiary sys-
tem, 298.
Man, high relative antiquity of, 297.
Man, his varieties and their relative
antiquity, 300.
Man's influence on the future, 332.
Man's origin a question of natural his-
tory, 301.
Man's place, as a geological problem,
Needles and stacks, formation of, 41.
Neolithic or younger stone age, 292.
Névé, nature and formation of, 216.
Northern drift or glacial drift, 238.
Oaze or ooze of Atlantic sea-bed, 262.
Ocean-currents, geological effects of, 41.
Oil-shales of coal formation, 173, 183.
OLD COAL-MEASURES, THE, 159-176.
OLD RED SANDSTONE, THE, 129-142.
Old red sandstone, its fossils, 134.
Old red sandstone, its rocks, 131.
Old red sandstone, probable climate of
period, 133.
Oolitic coal of Richmond in Virginia,
149.
Oolitic or jurassic system, 189.
ORDER AND SUCCESSION OF LIFE, 305-320.
Organic agencies, geological effects of,
Palæotherium, tertiary mammal, 207.
Palæozoic formations, definition of, 26,
29.
Palæozoology, science of fossil animals,
112.
Parka decipiens, fossil crustacean
spawn (?), 136.
Peat-moss, growth of, 43.
Peat-moss, nature and formation of,
146.
Peat-mosses of temperate latitudes, 266.
Pelagic or deep-sea deposits, 262.
Petrifaction, nature of the process, 118.
Petrifaction, preservative effects of,
119.
Pfahlbauten or pile-dwellings of Swit-
zerland, 257.
Phillips on decomposition of lava, 278.
Physical geography, relations of, to
geology, 27.
Pile-dwellings in lakes, 257.
Plant-growths, geological results of, 43.
Plants and animals of the future, 328.
Plants, systematic classifications of,
121, 122.
Polar seas, formation of ice on, 226.
Polders of Holland, 261.
Post-tertiary formations, arrangement
of, 253.
Pre-historic and historic formations,
272.
Pre-historic remains of man, 293.
Pressure, metamorphic effects of, 70.
PRIMARY PERIODS, THE, 83-100.
Progression, law of, its irresistible pro-
gress, 333.
Progression of life in the future, 330.
Progressive ascent of plants and ani-
mals, 312.
Pteraspis, fish of old red sandstone,
138.
Pterichthys, fish of old red, 138.
Pterygotus, crustacean of the old red,
136.
Quaternary or post-tertiary formations,
252.
Rain, geological effects of, 39.
Raised beaches, examples of, 59.
Raised beaches or ancient sea-margins,
260.
RECENT FORMATIONS, 252-275.
Rein-deer stage of post-tertiary era, 298.
Reptiles occurring in carboniferous
system, 169.
Reptiles, so called, age of, 193.
Rhinoceros, woolly-haired, extinction
of, 273.
Rhytina, extinction of, in Behring
Island, 274.
River-gravels, high and low level, 260.
Rivers, geological effects of, 41.
Roches moutonnées, how formed, 221.
Rock, definition of the term, 19.
Rock formations, chronological ar-
rangement of, 29.
Rocks, chemical composition, 24.
Ross, Sir James, on antarctic icebergs,
222.
Salinas of South America, their pro-
ducts, 264.
Salses, definition of, 55.
Salt-water ice, nature and formation
of, 226.
Sand-dunes or drifts of existing sea-
shores, 259.
Sand-dunes, how covered with soil,
278.
Sandstones of the coal-measures, their
value, 182.
Scandinavian coast, uprise of, 58, 59.
Scientific importance of geological
science, 32.
Sea-ice, varieties and descriptions of,
227.
Sea-margins or ancient sea-beaches, 263.
SECONDARY AGES, THE, 186-200.
Secondary formations, economic value
of, 199.
Secondary systems, nature of their
strata, 191.
Secondary systems, their fossil flora
and fauna, 192.
Secondary systems, their systematic
arrangement, 190.
Seismology, science of earth-shocks, 66.
Serpula reefs, their formation and
thickness, 268.
Shales and coals, distinction between
(note), 154.
Shales of the coal-measures, 163.
Shales of the coal- measures, their
value, 183.
Shell-beds, their formation and extent,
268.
Siberian coast, uprise of, 58, 59.
Silurian system, its rocks and fossils,
93.
Sinters, calcareous and silicious, 265.
Sivatherium, tertiary mammal, 210.
Snow, nature and formation of, 215.
Snow-line, latitudinal limits of, 218.
Soil, fossil, of the oolite (note), 197.
Soils, how formed, 277.
SOILS, THE, WE CULTIVATE, 276-284.
Solfataras and suffioni, 55.
Solitaire, extinction of, in Mauritius,
274.
Sombrero, island, and formation of, 268.
Spawn (fossil) of crustaceans, 136.
Springs, geological results of, 42.
Stacks and needles, formation of, 41.
Stalactites and stalagmites, their ori-
gin, 265.
Stalagmites and stalactites, their ori-
gin, 265.
Stone age, subdivisions of, 292.
Stone, bronze, and iron ages, relative
antiquities, 291.
Stone implements found in India, 301.
Stratheden in Fife, its formations, 260.
Stratified rocks, how formed, 20.
Stream-works, nature of, 109.
Stylonorus, crustacean of the old red,
136.
Sub-fossil, definition of the term, 111.
Submarine forests of Britain (note),
261.
Submarine forests of British coasts,
270.
Subsoils, nature and formation of, 282.
Sun-cracks on strata of old red sand-
stone, 133.
Surveys, geological, progress of, 199.
Swamp and jungle growths, 267.
Tait, Bishop, on the duty of scientific
inquiry, 289.
Temperature of the earth's interior, 18.
Terraces on river banks, 254.
Tertiary basins of Europe, 204.
Tertiary flora and fauna, 205, 207.
Tertiary strata, their economic value,
211.
Tertiary system, subdivisions of, 203.
TERTIARY TIMES, 201-212.
Theophrastus on coal, 157.
Theories of life-development, 314.
Theory of the earth, Hutton's, quoted,
20, 35, 49, 57.
Tides, their geological effects, 41.
Variation, tendency to, in plants and
animals, 329.
Vegetable kingdom, schemes of, 121,
122.
Vein and vein-stuffs, definition of, 103.
Veins, general composition of, 104.
Veins, their formation and infiltration,
106.
VEINS, THEIR NATURE AND ORIGIN,
101-110.
Vital development, theories of, 314.
Vital development, treatment of the-
ories, 317.
Volcanic accumulations of current
epoch, 270.
Volcanic areas of present day, 62, 64.
Volcanic cones, various slopes of, 53.
Volcanic products, summary of, 62.
Volcanoes, nature and operations of,
52.
Volcanoes, upheaval and accumulation
theories, 54.
Vulcanism, cosmical functions of, 63.
VULCANISM, ITS NATURE AND FUNC-
Vulcanism, mechanical and chemical
theories of, 60.
Vulcanism, necessary portion of world
mechanism, 63.
Vulcanism, vulcanicity, Humboldt's
definition of, 51.
"Wash-outs," probable nature of, 166.
WASTE AND REPRODUCTION, 35-50.
Water, its nature and circulation, 213.
Waves, geological effects of, 41.
Wealden formation, nature of, 189.
Wenham ice, how prepared, 225.
WHAT OF THE FUTURE? 309-322.
WHAT WE OWE TO OUR COAL-FIELDS,
177-186.
White, of Selborne, on formation of
soils, 280.
Winds, geological effects of, 39.
World-history, as deduced from Geo-
logy, 30.
Worm-casts in the formation of soils,
280.
Worm-trails and burrows of the old red,
132.
Zamias of secondary system, 197.
Zoological classification, 124.
PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, EDINBURGH.
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