Sat. 2. 3. 88 'ne sis patruus mihi,' and he might have added Od. 2. II. 4, 'nec trepides.' A slight further anomaly is perhaps found in the close conjunction of imperative and subjunctive 'eripe' contempleris': but there is a corresponding shade of difference in tone, the command drops a little towards advice or entreaty; cp. the changes of mood in 1. 11, also addressed to a definite person, 'ne quaesieris,' 'sapias,' 'carpe.' A question has been raised whether 'semper' should be taken with 'contempleris,' 'be not for ever content to see the fair country view from your windows'; or (as Ritter prefers) with 'udum,' 'Tibur never dry,' the 'uda mobilibus pomaria rivis' of 1. 7. 13, 'contempleris' having in this case a somewhat stronger force thrown on it: Don't stay to gaze at it, come to it.' The first is the simpler. The places named are all such as we view from Rome. Missing this obvious sense, Lachmann altered 'nec' to 'hic,' and others have suggested 'ut'; but did they suppose that Horace had residences at all these places, or that they were visible from his farm in the Sabine hills, or that he was inviting Maecenas to a tour about Latium?

Aefulae, evidently on the slopes of the hills near Tibur; its exact position is not known. It has been identified with Monte Affliano, two miles S. E. of Tivoli. Livy (26. 9) names the arx Aefulae' as one of the strongholds garrisoned on the approach of Hannibal; and Pliny (3.9) mentions it as one of the cities of Latium which had ceased to exist before his time. There is a doubt as to the form between Aefula and Aesula.

8. Telegoni iuga; Epod. 1. 29 ‘Tusculi Circaea moenia.' Legends assigned its foundation to Telegonus, the son of Ulysses by Circe, who unwittingly slew his father. Arist. Poet. 14.

9. fastidiosam, act. which causes 'fastidium,' 'which tires.'

10. molem; cp. 2. 15. I 'regiae moles.' Perhaps the 'domus alta' (Epod. 9. 3) of Maecenas on the Esquiline. Conington, quoting as parallel Virg. Aen. 1. 421 Miratur molem Aeneas magalia quondam, Miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum,' prefers to take 'molem' of the buildings of Rome generally.

II. beatae, ¿λßías; cp. I. 4. 14. Often used, as here, for a happiness vouched for by public opinion, rather than by the speaker. Cp. Sat. 2. 8. I'Ut Nasidieni iuvit te coena beati'?

12. fumum et opes strepitumque, the elements which, Horace would say, make up that happiness' of Rome which as a whole Maecenas is supposed to admire. The point is the mixture of magnificence and annoyance; but Horace, as he indicates by the collocation, would count the magnificence among the annoyances. For 'strepitum ' cp. Epp. 2. 2. 72 foll.

13. vices, a change of life.

14. mundae, the meaning of the adjective is well defined in Sat. 2. 2. 65 Mundus erit qua non offendat sordibus atque In neutram partem cultus miser.' Cp. Pyrrha in Od. 1. 5. 5 'simplex munditiis.'

15. aulaeis. These are explained to be an awning between the roof and the table. At Nasidienus' supper they fall and bring down the accumulated dust with them on the table; Sat. 2. 8. 54. Cp. Virg. Aen. I. 697 with Conington's note.

ostro; ib. 700 stratoque super discumbitur ostro,' of the purple coverings of the couches.

16. explicuere; Sat. 2. 2. 125 Explicuit vino contractae seria frontis.' The tense is regular, have often ere now,' etc. As Madvig points out (Opusc. Acad. 2, p. 114), the so-called aoristic' use of the perfect is its use without plerumque' (which is present here) or some word of similar generalising force, as though such a word had been present; see Od. 1. 34. 16.

17. clarus is predicative, 'shows brightly the fire he had hidden before.'

Andromedae pater, Cepheus. According to Columella, this constellation rose in the evening on July 9.

18. Procyon, in Latin Antecanem' or 'Antecanis' (Cic. N. D. 2. 44), and sometimes 'Canicula,' the Little Dog, which, on the same authority, rose in the morning on July 15.

19. stella Leonis. The Lion, the sign of the Zodiac, into which the sun passed on Aug. 1, Columel, 11. 2, § 51. The loose use of stella' for a constellation is found in Virgil also, as G. 1. 222.

22. horridi='hirsuti.' The epithet serves to recall his image, and perhaps also to suggest the depth of the forest 'where the "uncouth' inhuman wood-god lives.'

25. status; cp. Cicero's division, Mur. II 'omnia quae sunt in imperio et in statu civitatis,' almost = foreign and home politics.

27. Seres; see on 1. 12. 56.

regnata Cyro Bactra, for construction cp. 2. 6. 11 ‘regnata Laconi rura Phalanto.' 'Bactra' is used for the Parthian empire, as are 'Persia' and Media'; 'Cyro' as 2. 2. 17 Cyri solio.'

28. Tanais discors. The Tanais (hod. Don) stands for the Scythians (cp. 3. 10. 1, 4. 15. 24), and the reference is probably to the part taken by them in the quarrels of Phraates and Tiridates (see Introd. to 1. 26). Bentley asks how the quarrels on the Tanais' could harm Rome. But, as with Virgil's 'infidos agitans discordia fratres,' G. 2. 496, Horace is only colouring by a particular reference the general 'politics of the East, and their possible effects on Rome.' In 3. 8. 19 he uses these quarrels as a ground of reassurance for Maecenas, Medus infestus sibi luctuosis Dissidet armis,' and Mitsch. thinks that the 'discors' standing in the

place of emphasis, may have this force here, Fear them not, for they are quarrelling among themselves.' Bentley himself wishes to substitute 'dissors,' to which he gives the rather far-fetched sense of 'neque ad Europam nec ad Asiam pertinens, inter utramque medius, et quasi extra sortem positus.'

6

29. prudens; I. 3. 22.

32. trepidat; 2. II. 4.

33. componere aequus='aequo animo ordinare.' The editors quote from Suidas the words of Cratinus: ἄνδρας σοφοὺς ἐχρῆν τὸ παρὸν πρᾶγμα eis dúvaμıv 0éσ0aι kaλŵs. 'Componere,' however, has more distinctly the idea of reducing to order' (as in 'componere lites,' and in less matters componere togam'); it has reference to the coming metaphors. The

present, if you yourself are equable, may be kept in some order: the future is like a rushing river,—it may be calm in its strength: it may be flooded and carrying everything before it.' The vagueness of 'quod adest' and 'cetera,' suggests that they include nearness and farness of place as well as time, and so form something of a link between vv. 2528 and what follows. 'You, Maecenas, are scheming about the distant and the future; but the present in all senses is all that we can control.'

34. alveo. Some good MSS. have aequore,' which Orelli adopts as the less common word, and the less likely therefore to have been substituted by a copyist. He refers to Virg. Aen. 8. 86 and 96, where aequor' and 'placidum aequor' are used of the surface of the Tiber. But there they distinctly mean the 'level surface'; here this meaning is barred by the epithet 'medio.'

35. cum pace; Madv. § 257, obs. 2.

36. adesos, worn or broken by the stream; ous Te kvλívdwv xeiμáppovs ποταμὸς μεγάλαις περιέξεσε δίναις. Mitsch. compares levia saxa,'

1. 17. 12.

39. clamore, as Virg. Aen. 3. 566 Ter scopuli clamorem inter cava saxa dedere, and Hom. Il. 17. 165 ἠϊόνες βοόωσιν.

40. diluvies; 4. 14. 28. A poetical word for the usual 'diluvium.' 41. amnes, the rivers generally, or possibly the lesser streams that feed the river of which we are speaking.

potens sui, ἐγκρατὴς ἑαυτοῦ, αὐτάρκης.

42. in diem, as Bentley pointed out, with “dixisse,' not with ́vixi.' 43. dixisse, a simple perfect; see on 3. 4. 51. It is the net result when each day is summed up.

vixi; Virg. Aen. 4. 653. Seneca (Ben. 5. 17) seems to put the two passages together, 'Quis extremo die dicere audet: Vixi et quem dederat cursum fortuna peregi'? The idea is that to have lived in the full sense, to have felt the pleasure of life, for one day, makes a man in

dependent of the future; he has had the delight which cannot now be taken from him.

47. diffinget, 'alter'; see on I. 35. 39. For the sentiment cp. Agathon in Ar. Eth. N. 6. 2 μόνου γὰρ αὐτοῦ καὶ θεὸς στερίσκεται ἀγένητα ποιεῖν ἅσσ ̓ ἂν ᾖ πεπραγμένα.

48. vexit, probably best, with Ritter, 'has brought'; Virg. G. 1. 461 'quid vesper serus vehat.' Semel' is to be taken with 'vexit,' the hour flies, but what it has brought abides for ever. Orelli makes ' vexit'=' avexit.'

50. ludum; 2. 1. 3 'ludum Fortunae.'

54. resigno. Festus vouches for the use of 'resignare' as='rescribere'; and 'rescribere,' as we see from Sat. 2. 3. 75 (cp. the opp. ‘scribe,' ibid. 69), had the sense of 'to pay back,' 'to cancel a bond by payment.' Horace uses the same word again in Epp. 1. 7. 34 'Hac ego si compellar imagine cuncta resigno'; but no other Roman writer is quoted for this use of it, which has passed into modern languages.

55. virtute me involvo. He has given up the external gifts of Fortune; so far he is 'nudus' (3. 16. 23), but she cannot rob him of what is internal, and so his own. The expression is parallel to Plato's ἀρετὴν ἀντὶ ἱματίων ἀμφιέσονται of the women of his state, Rep. 5: P. 457 A.

56. quaero, seek as my bride.

58. miseras, abject'; Juv. 3. 276 votum miserabile.'

59. decurrere; Virg. Aen. 5. 782 preces descendere ad omnes,' Hdt. 1. 116 καταβαίνειν εἰς λιτάς.

62. biremis, not a ship with two banks of oars, but='duorum scalmorum navicula,' Cic. ad Att. 10. 10. 5, a little two-oared boat attached to a larger vessel. The two stanzas are metaphorical. If my fortune fails me, I am not like the merchant who in a shipwreck wastes his time in abject prayers for his cargo; I can get ashore with all I care for.' 64. geminus Pollux. Pollux, the twin-brother,' is as much as to say, Pollux, with his twin-brother Castor.' Cp. 1. 3. 2, 1. 12. 25, 8.31.

4.

ODE XXX.

The task is done; the monument is built which will immortalise my name. While Rome stands men will tell how one born by the Aufidus rose from a humble rank to greatness: the first Roman lyric poet. Melpomene, give me the crown which I have earned.'

See Introd. to Od. I. I. The Ode is paraphrased by Ovid, Met. 15. 871 foll.

Metre First Asclepiad.

Line 1. exegi, 'finished.'

aere'aereis statuis.'

2. situ, 'construction,' an unusual sense of the word, as it is generally used of the site of a building, not of its erection. Dillr. quotes Tac. Ann. 3. 38 Philippopolim a Macedone Philippo sitam.'

3. impotens, of unrestrained violence. Cp. Epod. 16. 62 'impotentia astri,' Od. 1. 37. 10.

5. fuga; cp. 2. 1. 41, and see on 2. 5. 13. Ritter points out that there is the suggestion of a double metaphor of the destructive effects of time, si quidem memoria annorum aut annorum serie obruitur aut fuga temporum abripitur.'

6. multa, as Ovid in the same connection, ‘parte . . meliore mei.' que; see on I. 27. 16.

7. Libitinam; Sat. 2. 6. 19, Epp. 2. 1. 49. Not merely 'death,' but the funeral rites.' Cp. Od. 2. 20. 21 foll.

8. crescam laude, as 'secundis laboribus crevit,' 4. 4. 45.

recens, ever fresh,' not half-forgotten. Epp. 2. 1. 54 'Naevius in manibus non est et mentibus haeret Paene recens?'

dum Capitolium, etc., as long as Rome stands,' which to a Roman is as much as to say 'for ever.' The 'virgo' is doubtless a vestal, the singular number probably having reference to the Virgo Maxima.' The special ceremony referred to is thought to be one which took place on the Ides of March, when prayers were offered in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus for the salubrity of the coming year, and other rites were performed under the superintendence of the Pontifex Maximus and the Virgo Maxima, or chief of the Vestals. The fact rests mainly on a statement in the fragment De Mensibus,' of Jo. Lydus (a Byzantine writer of the 6th century, quoted by Preller, Römische Mythologie, P. 320).

Io foll. It is a question whether 'qua violens,' etc., qualifies 'dicar' ('many shall say of me on the banks of my native Aufidus, that I was the first,' etc.) or 'princeps deduxisse' ('I shall be spoken of as one who by the banks of Aufidus was the first to,' etc.) The last is the more likely. Horace wishes his birthplace to be remembered in his own fame, 'longe sonantem natus ad Aufidum,' 4. 14. 2; but he is claiming world-wide fame, not merely to be remembered in his birthplace. There is a further question as to the construction of 'ex humili potens.' Most editors have taken it of Horace himself, 'raised from humility to glory,' comparing Epp. 1. 20. 20 'Me libertino natum patre et in tenui re Maiores pennas nido extendisse.' Bentley prefers to refer the words to Daunus, as describing his rise. The story made him an Illyrian exile, who became King of Apulia. If it be taken so, Horace must still be thinking of himself, and seeing a likeness of his own fortunes in those of Daunus.