§ 209. At least thirty days before the first day of January, 1851, the secretary of state must procure and transmit, at the expense of the state, to the clerks of the several courts and to the surrogates mentioned in section 207, seals, with the arms of the state engraved in the centre thereof, and with the following inscriptions surrounding the same: 1. For the court of appeals, State of New-York." 66 "Court of Appeals 2. For the supreme court, "New-York Supreme Court. County," inserting the name of each county. 3. For the superior court of the city of New-York, Superior Court of the City of New-York." 4. For the court of common pleas of the city of NewYork, "Court of Common Pleas of the City of NewYork." 5. For the courts of oyer and terminer, Oyer and Terminer, -County, N. Y." inserting the name of each county; and in the city and county of New-York, Oyer and Terminer-City and County of New-York." 6. For the county courts, "County Court,ty, N. Y.," inserting the name of the county. Coun 7. For the surrogates' courts, "Surrogate's court; County, N. Y.," inserting the name of the county. 8. For the courts of sessions, "Court of sessions, County, N. Y." or in the city and county of New-York, "Court of sessions-City and county of New-York." 9. For the city courts, "City court of the city of , N. Y., inserting the name of the city. 10. For the marine court of the city of New-York, "Marine court of the City of New-York." § 210. The secretary of state must, at the same time and in the same manner, transmit to each county clerk, a seal for his county, with the device mentioned in the last section, and the following inscription surrounding the same, 66 County, State of New-York," inserting the name of the county; or, in the city and county of New-York, "City and County of New-York State of New-York." § 211. The clerk of each court mentioned in section 207, except the surrogate's court, must keep the seal thereof. The seal of the surrogate's court must be kept by the surrogate. § 212. The seal of a court need not be affixed to any proceedings therein, except, 1. To a writ specially ordered by the court: 2. To the proof of a will or the appointment of an executor, administrator or general guardian: or, 3. To the authentication of a copy of a record or other proceeding of the court or an officer thereof, for the purpose of evidence in another court. § 213. The seal may be affixed by impressing it on the paper, or on a substance attached to it and capable of receiving the impression. II. Their election, tenure of office, classification and compensation. IV. Their removal from office. V. Their incidental powers and duties. VI. Vacancies in office, and the powers of certain special judges. CHAPTER I. JUDICIAL OFFICERS IN GENERAL. SECTION 214. Who is a judicial officer. 214. A judicial officer is a person authorised to act as a judge, in a court of justice. CHAPTER II. FLECTION, TENURE OF OFFICE, CLASSIFICATION AND COMPENSATION OF JUDICIAL OFFICERS. SECTION 215. Election, appointment, and tenure of office of judicial officers. 216. Their compensation. § 215. Judicial officers are elected by the electors of the state at large, or of a county, city, town or district thereof; or, when their offices become vacant, are appointed in the manner prescribed by the constitution and by special statutes. The tenure of their offices, and their classification, are provided for in the same manner. § 216. All judicial officers, except justices of the peace, receive, at stated times, for their services, a compensa(CIVIL CODE.] 7 tion established by special statutes, which cannot be increased or diminished during their continuance in office; and are prohibited from receiving, to their own use, any fees or perquisites of office. CHAPTER III. PARTICULAR DISQUALIFICATIONS OF JUDICIAL OFFICERS. SECTION 217. Disqualifications of judges of court of appeals and supreme court § 217. The judges of the court of appeals and of the supreme court, cannot hold another office or public trust; and all votes for any of them, for an elective office, except that of a judge of those or other courts, given by the legislature or the people, are void. They are also prohibited from exercising any power of appointment to public office. CHAPTER IV. REMOVAL OF JUDICIAL OFFICERS FROM OFFICE. SECTION 218. Judges of court of appeals and supreme court, how removed. 220. Removal by legislature, how made. supreme § 218. The judges of the court of appeals and court may be removed by concurrent resolution of both houses of the legislature, if two-thirds of all the members elected to the assembly, and a majority of all the members elected to the senate, concur therein. § 219. All other judicial officers, except justices of the peace, police justices, and the justices of justices' courts in cities, may be removed from office, 1. By the court for the trial of impeachments, upon an impeachment by the assembly, for wilful and corrupt misconduct in office: 2. By the senate, on the recommendation of the governor. § 220. No removal can be made by the concurrent resolution of both houses of the legislature, or by the senate on the recommendation of the governor, as provided in the last two sections, unless the cause thereof be entered on the journals, nor unless the party com ́plained of shall have been served with a copy of the complaint against him, and shall have had an opportunity of being heard in his defence. On the question of removal, the ayes and noes must be entered on the journal. § 221. Justices of the peace, police justices, and the justices of justices' courts in cities, may be removed by the courts of sessions in their respective counties, after due notice and an opportunity of being heard in their defence, for causes to be stated in the order of removal |