painting of any building within the limits of such city or town, is unsafe and dangerous to the life and limb of any person, it shall be the duty of such police commissioners, marshal of police, or other persons in charge of the police force, to immediately detail a competent police officer to inspect such scaffolding forthwith, with instructions to prohibit the further use of such scaffolding, if after proper examination he may find the complaint well founded, to require that it be altered or reconstructed in such manner as to render it no longer dangerous of [to] life or limb. It shall be the duty of the officer making the examination to attach a notice to such scaffolding, stating that he has made such examination, and that he has found it safe or unsafe, as the case may be. If he declares it to be unsafe, he shall at once, in writing, notify the person or persons responsible for its erection, of the fact, and warn them against using it, or permitting or suffering any person or persons to use it, and such notice may be served upon the responsible person or persons, or by conspicuously affixing it to the scaffold declared to be unsafe; after such notice is served or affixed, it shall be the duty of the persons responsible therefor, to immediately remove such scaffolding, or to alter or strengthen it in such a manner as to render it safe, in the discretion of the officer who has condemned it, or of his superiors.

SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of the police commissioners, marshal of police, or other persons in charge of the police force of any city or town of this State, when complaint is made to them, or any of them, that the slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, irons, or ropes, of any swinging or stationary scaffolding used in the painting, cleaning or pointing of any building within the limits of such city or town, are unsafe or liable to prove dangerous to the life or limb of any person, to detail a competent police officer to examine, and, if necessary, test the same; immediately after making such examination or test, he shall attach thereto a certificate stating that he has made such examination or test and that he has found such slings, hangers, irons, or ropes, or any of them, safe or unsafe, as the case may be; if he declares unsafe the whole or any portion of such swinging or stationary scaffolding, he shall at once, in writing, notify the person or persons responsible for the same of the fact, and warn them against using or suffering or permitting any person or persons to use them, and such notice may be served upon the person or persons responsible, or by conspicuously affixing it to the condemned or defective article; after such notice is served or affixed, it shall be the duty of the responsible person or persons to remove or cause to be removed the scaffolding, or that part of it which has been condemned, or to alter and strengthen it in such manner as to render it safe, in the discretion of the officer who has tested or examined it, or his superiors.

SEC. 3. All swinging and stationary scaffolding shall be so constructed as to bear three times the maximum weight required to be dependent from or placed thereon when in use; and not more than one man shall be allowed on a given scaffold to each tackle, and each man shall be provided with a life line sufficiently strong to bear twice his weight, secured independently of the other scaffolding.

SEC. 4. Any officer detailed to examine or test any scaffolding or portion thereof, as required by sections one and two of this act, shall have free and unobstructed access at all reasonable hours to any building or premises containing them or where they may be in use.

SEC. 5. Any person who violates or omits to comply with any of the foregoing provisions of this act, or who suffers or permits the use of any article or scaffolding declared by a proper officer to be defective, or who destroys or defaces any notice posted in accordance with the provisions of this act, or who hinders or obstructs any officers who may be detailed to enforce its provisions, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction in a court of competent jurisdiction, be fined not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred dollars.

CHAPTER 202.--Ventilating apparatus in mills for grinding stone.

SEC. 1. Every person or corporation owning or controlling any mill for grinding flint or any other kind of stone by the cylinder or dry process, in Carroll County, shall be required to furnish and equip said mill with the most improved fans, ventilators and other appliances for the removal from said mill, of the dust made therein by conducting said business, and to provide for the use of each person employed in said mill, the most improved apparatus for the protection of said person so employed, from inhaling said dust, and to keep in repair and renew said apparatus from time to time as may be necessary, free of cost to said person so employed; and any such person or corporation failing to comply with the requirements of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon indictment and conviction shall be subject to a fine of not less than five hundred dollars for each and every offense.

SEC. 2. Every person employed in any such mill for grinding flint or other stone, as specified in the preceding section, shall use and wear the apparatus provided for his protection as above specified, during the entire time he is at work in any part of said mill where there is any dust, and such person so employed, who shall fail to comply with this requirement, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon indictment and conviction, shall be subject to a fine of not less than five dollars for each and every offense.

SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of the constable of said county, at least twice in every year, to inspect all such mills which may be located within the districts for which the said constables are appointed, respectively, and to report to the next grand jury for said county any violations of any of the requirements of this act which they may discover or which may come to their knowledge.

CHAPTER 294.-Convict labor.

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SEC. 1. The president of the county commissioners of Wicomico County, the county treasurer and the state's attorney for said county, for the time being, shall act as jail supervisors for the said county without pay; and all persons sentenced to confinement in said jail, either by the circuit court for said county, or by any justice of the peace of the State of Maryland, in and for said county, where the sentence is to hard labor besides imprisonment; and all persons committed to said jail and confined therein in default of payment of any fine imposed, shall be subject, during the time of such confinement, to work upon the public roads of said county, or on the streets of the city of Salisbury, or such other manual labor and work as they may be required to do by the said jail supervisors; * *; and the said jail supervisors are hereby authorized and empowered, in their discretion, to hire out for some useful employment all persons sentenced to said jail, or committed and confined therein in default of payment of fines imposed upon them as hereinbefore provided, upon such terms as may be agreed upon;

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MASSACHUSETTS.

PUBLIC STATUTES OF 1882.

CHAPTER 11.-Exemption from taxation.

SECTION 5 (as amended by chapter 169, acts of 1885 and chapter 220, acts of 1894). The following property and polls shall be exempted from taxation:

Sixth, The wearing apparel and farming utensils of every person; his household furniture not exceeding one thousand dollars in value; and the necessary tools not exceeding three hundred dollars in value of a mechanic.

Tenth, The property, to the amout of five hundred dollars, of a widow or unmarried woman above the age of twenty-one years, of any person above the age of seventy-five years, and of any minor whose father is deceased, whether such property be owned by such person separately, or jointly or as tenant in common with another or others. Provided, That the whole estate real and personal of such person does not exceed in value the sum of one thousand dollars exclusive of property otherwise exempted under the provisions of this section; And provided, further, That no property shall be so exempted which in the judgment of the assessors has been conveyed to such person for the purpose of evading taxation. Eleventh, Mules, horses, and neat cattle, less than one year old; and swine and sheep less than six months old; and domestic fowls not exceeding fifteen dollars in value.

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CHAPTER 16.-Contractor's bond—Security for wages of employees on public works. SEC. 64. When public buildings or other public works upon which liens might attach for labor or materials, if they belonged to private persons, are about to be constructed or repaired for the Commonwealth by contract, the officers or agents contracting in behalf of the Commonwealth shall obtain sufficient security, by bond or otherwise, for payment by the contractor and by all subcontractors for all labor performed or furnished and for all materials used in such construction or repair.

CHAPTER 28.-Payment of wages.

SEC. 12. Cities shall, at intervals not exceeding seven days, pay all laborers who are employed by them at a rate of wages not exceeding two dollars a day, if such payment is demanded.

CHAPTER 31.-Bureau of statistics of labor.

SEC. 13. A chief appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the council, and a first clerk appointed by the chief, shall constitute a bureau of statistics of labor:

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The bureau shall collect, assort, arrange, and present in annual reports to the general court, on or before the first day of March in each year, statistical details relating to all departments of labor in the Commonwealth, especially in relation to the commercial, industrial, social, educational, and sanitary condition of the laboring classes, and to the permanent prosperity of the productive industry of the Commonwealth.

SEC. 14. The bureau shall have power to send for persons and papers, and to examine witnesses under oath; and such witnesses shall be summoned in the same manner and be paid the same fees as witnesses before the higher courts of the Commonwealth.

SEC. 16. The chief of said bureau may employ such assistants and incur such expense, not exceeding five thousand dollars in each year, as may be necessary in the discharge of the official duties of said bureau.

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CHAPTER 44.-Use of tools and cooking to be taught in public schools.

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SEC. 1 (as amended by chapter 69, acts of 1884, and by chapter 320, acts of 1894). * the use of tools, and cooking, shall be taught, * 黃 in all the public schools in which the school committee deem it expedient.

CHAPTER 86.-Alien contract labor.

SEC. 12. Every corporation which brings into this Commonwealth any person not having a settlement therein, or by whose means or at whose instigation any such person is so brought, for the purpose of performing labor for such corporation, shall give a bond to the Commonwealth, to be delivered to the state board [of health, lunacy and charity] in the sum of three hundred dollars, conditioned that neither such person nor any one legally dependent on him for support, shall within two years become a city, town, or state charge.

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CHAPTER 100.-Sale of liquor to employees.

SEC. 25. The * * employer of a person who has or may hereafter have the habit of drinking spirituous or intoxicating liquor to excess, may give notice in writing, signed by him or her, to any person, requesting him not to sell or deliver such liquor to the person having such habit. If the person so notified at any time within twelve months thereafter sells or delivers any such liquor to the person having such habit, or permits such person to loiter on his premises, the person giving the notice may, in an action of tort, recover of the person notified such sum, not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars, as may be assessed as damages: Provided, That an employer giving such notice shall not recover unless he is injured in his person or property.

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CHAPTER 102.-Inspection of steam engines and boilers.

SEC. 49. The fire commissioners of the city of Boston, the mayor and aldermen of any other city, or the selectmen of a town, or any person by them authorized, may, after notice to the parties interested, examine any steam engine or steam boiler therein, whether fixed or portable; and for that purpose may enter any house, shop, or building; and if upon such examination it appears probable that the use of such engine or boiler is unsafe, they may issue a temporary order to suspend such use; and if after giving the parties interested, so far as known, an opportunity to be heard, they adjudge such engine or boiler unsafe or defective or unfit to be used, they may pass a permanant order prohibiting the use thereof 'until it is rendered safe. If, after notice to the owner or person having charge thereof, such engine or boiler is used contrary to either of such orders, it shall be deemed a common nuisance, without any other proof thereof than its use.

SEC. 50. The fire commissioners, mayor and aldermen and selectmen, may abate and remove a steam engine or steam boiler erected or used contrary to the provisions of the preceding section in the same manner as boards of health may remove nuisances, under sections twenty-one, twenty-two, and twenty-three of chapter eighty.

SEC. 51. No person shall manufacture, set up, use, or cause to be used, a steam boiler, unless it is provided with a fusible safety-plug made of lead or some other equally fusible material, and of a diameter of not less than one-half an inch, placed in the roof of the fire-box, when a fire-box is used, and in all cases in a part of the boiler fully exposed to the action of the fire, and as near the top of the water line as any part of the fire surface of the boiler; and for this purpose Ashcroft's "protected safety fusible plug" may be used.

SEC. 52. Whoever without just and proper cause removes from a boiler the safety-plug thereof, or substitutes therefor any material more capable of resisting the action of the fire than the plug so removed, shall be punished by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

SEC. 53. Whoever manufactures, sets up, or knowingly uses or causes to be used for six consecutive days a steam boiler unprovided with a safety fusible plug as described in section fifty-one, shall be punished by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

[Note. The above act so far as it affects the city of Boston is repealed by chapter 419, acts of 1892.]

CHAPTER 106.-Cooperative associations.

SEC. 9. For the purpose of cooperation in carrying on any business authorized in the two preceding sections [any mechanical, mining or manufacturing business except that of distilling or manufacturing intoxicating liquors, cutting, storing and selling ice, carrying on any agricultural, horticultural or quarrying business, printing and publishing newspapers, periodicals, books or engravings] and of cooperative trade, seven or more persons may associate themselves, with a capital of not less than one thousand nor more than one hundred thousand dollars.

SEC. 72. Every corporation organized for the purposes set forth in section nine shall distribute its profits or earnings among its workmen, purchasers, and stockholders, at such times and in such manner as shall be prescribed by its by-laws, and as often at least as once in twelve months: but no distribution shall be made until at least ten per cent of the net profits has been appropriated for a contingent or sinking fund, until there has accumulated a sum equal to thirty per cent in excess of its capital stock.

SEC. 73. No person shall hold shares in any cooperative association to an amount exceeding one thousand dollars at their par value, nor shall any stockholder be entitled to more than one vote upon any subject.

CHAPTER 106.-Corporations-Liability of stockholders for debts due employees.

SEC. 61. The members or stockholders in any corporation which is subject to this chapter shall be jointly and severally liable for its debts or contracts in the following cases, and not otherwise:

Fourth, For all sums of money due to operatives for services rendered within six months before demand made upon the corporation, and its neglect or refusal to make payment.

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CHAPTER 112.-Suits for wages—Railroad employees. (a)

SEC. 143. A person to whom a debt is due for labor performed or for materials furnished and actually used in constructing a railroad under a contract with a person other than the owner thereof, having authority from or rightfully acting for such owner in furnishing such labor or materials, shall have a right of action against such owner to recover such debt with costs,

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SEC. 145. No such person shall have such right of action for labor performed, unless, within thirty days after ceasing to perform it, he files in the office of the clerk of a city or town in which any of said labor was performed a written statement, under his oath, of the amount of the debt so due him, and of the name of the person or persons for whom and by whose employment the labor was performed. Such right of action shall not be lost by a mistake in stating the amount

a See Decisions, page 1285.

due; but the claimant shall not recover as damages a larger amount than is named in said statement as due him, with interest thereon.

SEC. 147. No such action shall be maintained, unless commenced within sixty days after the plaintiff ceased to perform such labor or to furnish such materials.

CHAPTER 112.-Color-blindness of railroad employees.

SEC. 179 (as amended by chapter 125, acts of 1883). No railroad corporation shall employ or keep in its employment, in a position which requires the person employed therein to distinguish form or color signals, any person, unless he has been examined for color-blindness or other defective sight by some competent person employed by the corporation, and has received a certificate that he is not disqualified for such position by color-blindness or other defective sight. A railroad corporation shall forfeit one hundred dollars for each violation of the provisions of this section.

CHAPTER 112.-Railroads-Workingmen's trains.

SEC. 183. Every railroad corporation whose railroad runs out from Boston shall furnish on each week-day a morning train in and an evening train out for distances not exceeding fifteen miles, or suitable cars attached to other trains, and reaching and leaving Boston at about six o'clock in the forenoon and afternoon, or at such hours as may be fixed by the board; and for such train shall furnish yearly season tickets at a rate not exceeding three dollars per mile per year good once a day each way for six days in a week, and quarterly tickets not exceeding one dollar per quarter per mile: Provided, That two hundred or more persons make application therefor.

CHAPTER 112.-Liability of railroad employees for negligence.

SEC. 210. When an engineman, fireman, or other agent of a railroad corporation is guilty of negligence or carelessness whereby an injury is done to a person or corporation, he shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve months, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

SEC. 211. Whoever, having the management of or control over a railroad train while being used for the common carriage of persons, is guilty of gross carelessness or neglect in or in relation to the management or control thereof, shall forfeit a sum not exceeding five thousand dollars, or be imprisoned not more than three years.

CHAPTER 112.-Railroad companies—When liable for death of employees. (a)

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SEC. 212 (as amended by chapter 243, acts of 1883). * * if an employee of [a railroad] corporation being in the exercise of due care is killed under such circumstances as would have entitled the deceased to maintain an action for damages against such corporation, if death had not resulted, the corporation shall be liable in the same manner and to the same extent as it would have been if the deceased had not been an employee. * *

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CHAPTER 137.-Wages preferred—In administration.

SEC. 1. When the estate of a person deceased is insufficient to pay all his debts, it shall, after discharging the necessary expenses of his funeral and last sickness and the charges of administration, be applied to the payment of his debts in the following order:-First, Debts entitled to a preference under the laws of the United States. Second, Public rates, taxes, and excise duties. Third, Wages or compensation, to an amount not exceeding one hundred dollars, due to a clerk, servant, or operative, for labor performed within one year next preceding the death of such deceased person, or for such labor so performed for the recovery of payment of which a judgment has been rendered.

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CHAPTER 147.—Earnings of married women.

SEC. 4. All work and labor performed by a married woman for a person other than her husband and children shall, unless there is an express agreement on her part to the contrary, be presumed to be performed on her separate account.

a See Decisions, page 1285.