Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men's Countries and the International Challenge of Racial EqualityIn 1900 W. E. B. DuBois prophesied that the colour line would be the key problem of the twentieth-century and he later identified one of its key dynamics: the new religion of whiteness that was sweeping the world. Whereas most historians have confined their studies of race-relations to a national framework, this book studies the transnational circulation of people and ideas, racial knowledge and technologies that under-pinned the construction of self-styled white men's countries from South Africa, to North America and Australasia. Marilyn Lake and Henry Reynolds show how in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century these countries worked in solidarity to exclude those they defined as not-white, actions that provoked a long international struggle for racial equality. Their findings make clear the centrality of struggles around mobility and sovereignty to modern formulations of both race and human rights. |
Contents
15 | |
23 | |
26 | |
Colonial leaders preferred however to speak not of local but | 41 |
2 The American Commonwealth and the | 49 |
reference works for the Australian federal fathers meeting in conference | 53 |
Bowen Fields and Shattock were among the ordinary society of | 56 |
I go to see Lowell at the far end of | 58 |
paramount defence requirement Without a navy we should | 194 |
As a matter of fact Mr Deakin is it seems | 200 |
Unification of South Africa 19021910 L M Thompson observed that | 213 |
That day might come but equality between black and white | 214 |
and unreasonable a manner Indeed if it were not so | 216 |
imprisonment The decision to embark on a campaign of civil | 218 |
It places Chinese subjects on the same level as British | 219 |
London sanctions the Union | 226 |
constrained his historical enquiry the important events of his world | 60 |
Two races so differently advanced | 62 |
The Negro after emancipation should have been dealt with not | 70 |
white men must rule | 71 |
Charles Pearsons | 75 |
Pearson the liberal reformer | 82 |
of more than 400 million people The Chinese like the | 87 |
Pearsons challenge to AngloSaxon triumphalism | 89 |
He regards the march of affairs from the Australian point | 92 |
4 Theodore Roosevelts reassertion of | 95 |
It was Pearsons account of the worldforces of the present | 99 |
vigour and national character22 Their national frame of analysis misses | 100 |
5 Imperial brotherhood or white? Gandhi in | 114 |
South Africa declare itself a white mans country by which | 119 |
racial competition or rule by coloured men In 1896 white | 125 |
write a thirtyfive page memorial to the Colonial Office concerning | 128 |
Immigration Restriction Act in 189650 In February 1897 the Governor | 129 |
In the event the American Act of 1896 was vetoed | 131 |
6 White Australia points the way | 137 |
powers But it also alerted Australians to the political implications | 143 |
privileges with Western nations in all matters regulated by international | 147 |
Despite their pained and persistent protests in 1901 and their | 150 |
Central to the white workers comfort and selfrespect was his | 157 |
well as racist purposes and would later be deployed by | 159 |
The need for population | 163 |
A deep colour line of demarcation | 164 |
7 Defending the Pacific Slope | 166 |
Yet humiliated like dogs | 168 |
in the 1880s and continued to pursue his crusade for | 172 |
and assaulted and there was a growing demand to introduce | 173 |
A national insult | 174 |
superiority on one side and resentment against inferior treatment on | 175 |
Count Hayashi declared fulsomely that Japan regarded America as its | 176 |
the federal government to grant basic citizenship rights to the | 177 |
He believed that if something is not done to stop | 182 |
been successful and thus the main object ofhis mission to | 184 |
neither converted Both read English literature and liberal political | 188 |
the Pacific tour | 190 |
Gandhi confronts Smuts | 228 |
acknowledged right of selfgoverning colonies of white men | 229 |
cosmopolitan | 241 |
Whiteness is the ownership of the earth | 247 |
global perspective on the Negro problem following the Universal Races | 249 |
who wrote the preface to Pals The Soul of India | 251 |
Wu TingFang then referred as had many of his countrymen | 254 |
A new cosmopolitanism or intellectual incoherence? | 258 |
11 Japanese alienation and imperial ambition | 263 |
not white Cases in 1909 and 1912 also ruled that | 267 |
A grave international issue | 275 |
territory won in the war with Russia and add to | 280 |
12 Racial equality? The Paris Peace | 284 |
Whose equality? | 287 |
equality and the principle of nondiscrimination waged by the Japanese | 288 |
he said While all men of a particular nation might | 292 |
Negotiations continued | 297 |
Top dogs triumph | 299 |
Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain had been able to impose his | 301 |
National shame | 303 |
the Commission would probably result in erecting a perpetual barrier | 304 |
Global disillusion | 305 |
we have friends who understand our aspirations who out of | 312 |
A white Canada | 317 |
concluded with the argument that it was desirable that there | 318 |
American goods were boycotted cinemas removed American films | 324 |
in the land of the white man | 326 |
14 Individual rights without distinction | 335 |
But the creators of the treaty system had no intention | 336 |
From minority rights to human rights | 337 |
people is at an end she declared In London Duff | 341 |
minds of men and their mutual relationships51 Echoing the sentiments | 346 |
protecting domestic jurisdiction fearing as they had in 1919 that | 347 |
A momentous occasion | 349 |
Race thinking assailed | 350 |
White men in retreat | 352 |
It was a key part ofAustralias heritage In 1950 the | 353 |
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Common terms and phrases
Alfred Deakin American Commonwealth Anglo-Saxon Asia Asian Asiatic Boer Britain British subjects California Cambridge Canada Character Charles Pearson China Chinese Cited civilisation civilization Colonial Office coloured Conference Deakin papers debate declared delegation democracy Dominions E. A. Freeman East Empire English European exclusion fleet Foreign franchise Freeman future Gandhi Hughes Ibid Immigration Restriction imperial Indians Japan Japanese labour land leaders League of Nations legislation liberal London Lowe Kong Meng Melbourne men’s migration Natal native Negro non-whites observed ofthe organisation Pacific parliament Peace political population President Prime Minister principle problem race question racial discrimination racial equality Republic Review Royce Secretary segregation self-government settlers Smuts social South Africa Sydney Theodore Roosevelt tion Transvaal Treaty Union United Universal Races Congress University Press Victoria W. E. B. DuBois W. M. Hughes West Western White Australia policy white man’s country white race Wilson’s wrote York Zealand
Popular passages
Page 26 - The United States of America and the Emperor of China cordially recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects respectively from the one country to the other for purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents.