them in cold blood, in their caverns and mountains. out the servants suspecting: the only way it was done, was by stealing it off her plate at dinner, into her lap. Many a diverting story she has told about this, and other things of the Such is the substance of Mr. Rose's observations; which certainly do not appear to us of any considerable value-though they indi-like nature. Her father liked sheep's head; cate, throughout, a laudable industry, and a still more laudable consciousness of inferiority, together with (what we are determined to believe) a natural disposition to liberality and moderation, counteracted by the littleness of party jealousy and resentment. We had noted a great number of petty misrepresentations and small inaccuracies; but in a work which is not likely either to be much read, or long remembered, these things are not worth the trouble of correction. Though the book itself is very dull, however, we must say that the Appendix is very entertaining. Sir Patrick's narrative is clear and spirited; but what delights us far more, is another and more domestic and miscellaneous narrative of the adventures of his family, from the period of Argyle's discomfiture till their return in the train of King William. This is from the hand of Lady Murray, Sir Patrick's grand-daughter; and is mostly furnished from the information of her mother, his favourite and exemplary daughter. There is an air of cheerful magnanimity and artless goodness about this little history, which is extremely engaging and a variety of traits of Scottish simplicity and homeliness of character, which recommend it, in a peculiar manner, to our national feelings. Although we have already enlarged this article beyond its proper limits, we must give our readers a few specimens of this singular chronicle. After Sir Patrick's escape, he made his way to his own castle, and was concealed for some time in a vault under the church, where his daughter, then a girl under twenty, went alone, every night, with an heroic fortitude, to comfort and feed him. The gaiety, however, which lightened this perilous intercourse, is to us still more admirable than its heroism. "She went every night by herself, at midnight, to carry him victuals and drink; and stayed with him as long as she could to get home before day. In all this time, my grandfather showed the same constant composure, and cheerfulness of mind, that he continued to possess to his death, which was at the age of eighty-four; all which good qualities she inherited from him in a high degree. Often did they laugh heartily in that doleful habitation, at different accidents that happened. She at that time had a terror for a churchyard, especially in the dark, as is not uncommon at her age, by idle nursery stories; but when engaged by concern for her father, she stumbled over the graves every night alone, without fear of any kind entering her thoughts, but for soldiers and parties in search of him, which the least noise or motion of a leaf put her in terror for. The minister's house was near the church. The first night she went, his dogs kept such a barking as put her in the utmost fear of a discovery. My grandmother sent for the minister next day, and, upon pretence of a mad dog, got him to hang all his dogs. There was also difficulty of getting victuals to carry him, with and, while the children were eating their broth, she had conveyed most of one into her lap. When her brother Sandy (the late Lord March mont) had done, he looked up with astonishment and said, 'Mother, will you look at Grizzel; while we have been eating our broth, she has eat up the whole sheep's head.' This occasioned so much mirth among them, that her father, at night, was greatly entertained by it; and desired Sandy might have a share in the next.”— App. p. [v.] They then tried to secrete him in a low room in his own house; and, for this purpose, to contrive a bed concealed under the floor, which this affectionate and light-hearted girl secretly excavated herself, by scratching up the earth with her nails, "till she left not a nail on her fingers," and carrying it into the garden at night in bags. At last, however, they all got over to Holland, where they seem to have lived in great poverty, but in the same style of magnanimous gaiety and cordial affection, of which some instances have been recited. This admirable young woman, who lived afterwards with the same simplicity of character in the first society in England, seems to have exerted herself in a way that nothing but affection could have rendered tolerable, even to one bred up to drudgery. "All the time they were there" (says his daughter), "there was not a week my mother that was necessary. did not sit up two nights, to do the business She went to market; went to the mill to have their corn ground, which, it seems, is the way with good managers there; dressed the linen; cleaned the house; made ready dinner; mended the children's stockings, and other clothes; made what she could for them; and, in short, did every thing. Her sister Christian, who was a year or two younger, diverted her father and mother, and the rest, who were fond of music. Out of their small income they bought a harpsichord for little money (but is a Rucar), now in my custody, and most valuable. My aunt played and sung well, and had a great deal of life and humour, but no turn to business. Though my mother had the same qualifications, and liked it as well as she did, she was forced to drudge; and many jokes used to pass betwixt the sisters about their different occupations."—p. [ix.] "Her brother soon afterwards entered into the Prince of Orange's guards: and her constant attention was to have him appear right in his linen and dress. They wore little point cravats and cuffs, which many a night she sat up to have in as good order for him as any in the place; and one of their greatest expenses their house was always full of the unfortunate was in dressing him as he ought to be. As banished people like themselves, they seldom went to dinner, without three, or four, or five of them, to share with them; and many a hun dred times I have heard her say, she could An eminent maker of that time. never look back upon their manner of living there, without thinking it a miracle. They had no want, but plenty of every thing they desired, and much contentment; and always declared it the most pleasing part of her life, though they were not without their little distresses; but to them they were rather jokes than grievances. The professors, and men of learning in the place, came often to see my grandfather. The best entertainment he could give them was a glass of alabast beer, which was a better kind of ale than common. He sent his son Andrew, the late Lord Kimmerghame, a boy, to draw some for them in the cellar: he brought it up with great diligence; but in the other hand the spigot of the barrel. My grandfather said, 'Andrew, what is that in your hand?' When he saw it he run down with speed; but the beer was all run out before he got there. This occasioned much mirth; though, perhaps, they did not well know where to get more."pp. [x. xi.] Sir Patrick, we are glad to hear, retained this kindly cheerfulness of character to the last; and, after he was an earl and chancellor of Scotland, and unable to stir with gout, had himself carried to the room where his children and grandchildren were dancing, and insisted on beating time with his foot. Nay, when dying at the advanced age of eighty-four, he could not resist his old propensity to joking, but uttered various pleasantries on the disappointment the worms would meet with, when, after boring through his thick coffin, they would find little but bones. There is, in the Appendix, besides these narrations, a fierce attack upon Burnet, which is full of inaccuracies and ill temper; and some interesting particulars of Monmouth's imprisonment and execution. We dare say Mr. Rose could publish a volume or two of very interesting tracts; and can venture to predict that his collections will be much more popular than his observations. DISTURBANCES AT MADRAS.* [EDINBURGH REVIEW, 1810.] might have been effectually prevented. THE disturbances which have lately taken | sant occurrence which has happened in India place in our East Indian possessions, would, at any period, have excited a considerable de- In the year 1802, a certain monthly allow. gree of alarm; and those feelings are, of ance, proportioned to their respective ranks, course, not a little increased by the ruinous was given to each officer of the coast army, to aspect of our European affairs. The revolt enable him to provide himself with camp of an army of eighty thousand men is an event equipage; and a monthly allowance was also which seems to threaten so nearly the ruin of made to the commanding officers of the native the country in which it happens, that no com- corps, for the provision of the camp equipage mon curiosity is excited as to the causes which of these corps. This arrangement was com could have led to it, and the means by which monly called the tent contract. Its intention (as its danger was averted. On these points, we the pamphlet of Sir George Barlow's agent shall endeavour to exhibit to our readers the very properly states) was to combine facility information afforded to us by the pamphlets of movement in military operations with views whose titles we have cited. The first of these of economy. In the general revision of its is understood to be written by an agent of Sir establishments, set on foot for the purposes of George Barlow, sent over for the express pur- economy by the Madras government, this conpose of defending his measures; the second is tract was considered as entailing upon them a most probably the production of some one of very unnecessary expense; and the then comthe dismissed officers, or, at least, founded upon mander-in-chief, General Craddock, directed their representations; the third statement is by Colonel Munro, the quartermaster-general, to Mr. Petrie, and we most cordially recommend make a report to him upon the subject. The it to the perusal of our readers. It is charac-report, which was published almost as soon as terized, throughout, by moderation, good sense, and a feeling of duty. We have seldom read a narrative, which, on the first face of it, looked so much like truth. It has, of course, produced the ruin and dismissal of this gentleman, though we have not the shadow of doubt, that if his advice had been followed, every unplea it was made up, recommends the abolition of this contract; and, among other passages for the support of this opinion, has the following one : "Six years' experience of the practical effects of the existing system of the camp equipage equipment of the native army, has afforded means of forming a judgment relative Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Dissen- to its advantages and efficiency which were sions at the Presidency of Madras, founded on Original not possessed by the persons who proposed Account of the Origin and Progress of the late Discon-its introduction; and an attentive examination tents of the Army on the Madras Establishment. Cadell of its operations during that period of time has suggested the following observations regarding it :-" Papers and Correspondence. Lloyd, London, 1810. and Davies, London, 1810. Statement of Facts delivered to the Right Honourable Lord Minto. By WILLIAM PETRIE Esq. Stockdale, London, 1810. After stating that the contract is needlessly it was certainly indiscreet to give such reasons for it. If any individual had abused the advantages of the tent-contract, he might have been brought to a court-martial; and, if his expensive that it subjects the Company to the same charges for troops in garrison as for those in the field-the report proceeds to state the following observation, made on the authority of six years' experience and attentive examina-guilt had been established, his punishment, we tion. "Thirdly. By granting the same allowances in peace and war for the equipment of native corps, while the expenses incidental to that charge are unavoidably much greater in war than peace, it places the interest and duty of officers commanding native corps in direct opposition to one another. It makes it their interest that their corps should not be in a state of efficiency fit for field service, and therefore furnishes strong inducements to neglect their most important duties."-Accurate and Authentic Narrative, pp. 117, 118. will venture to assert, would not have occa sioned a moment of complaint or disaffection in the army; but that a civilian, a gentleman accustomed only to the details of commerce, should begin his government, over a settlement with which he was utterly unacquainted, by telling one of the bravest set of officers in the world, that, for six years past, they had been, in the basest manner, sacrificing their duty to their interest, does appear to us an instance of indiscretion which, if frequently repeated, would soon supersede the necessity of officer of the army, published in spite of the earnest remonstrance of Colonel Capper, the adjutant-general, and before three days had been given him to substitute his own plan. which Sir George Barlow had promised to read before the publication of Colonel Munro's report. Nay, this great plan of reduction was never even submitted to the military board, by whom all subjects of that description were.. according to the orders of the court of directors, and the usage of the service, to be discussed and digested, previous to their coming before government. any further discussion upon Indian affairs. The whole transaction, indeed, appears to Here, then, is not only a proposal for re- have been gone into with a disregard to the ducing the emoluments of the principal offi- common professional feelings of an army, cers of the Madras army, but a charge of the which is to us utterly inexplicable. The most flagrant nature. The first they might opinion of the commander-in-chief, General possibly have had some right to consider as a Macdowall, was never asked upon the subhardship; but, when severe and unjust invec-ject; not a single witness was examined; the tive was superadded to strict retrenchment-whole seems to have depended upon the when their pay and their reputation were report of Colonel Munro, the youngest staffdiminished at the same time-it cannot be considered as surprising, that such treatment, on the part of the government, should lay the foundation for a spirit of discontent in those troops who had recently made such splendid additions to the Indian empire, and established, in the progress of these acquisitions, so high a character for discipline and courage. It must be remembered, that an officer on European and one on Indian service are in very different situations, and propose to themselves very different objects. The one never thinks of making a fortune by his profession, while the hope of ultimately gaining an inde- Shortly after the promulgation of this very pendence is the principal motive for which indiscreet paper, the commander-in-chief, Gethe Indian officer banishes himself from his neral Macdowall, received letters from almost country. To diminish the emoluments of his all the officers commanding native corps, profession is to retard the period of his return, representing, in terms adapted to the feelings and to frustrate the purpose for which he ex- of each, the stigma which was considered to poses his life and health in a burning climate, attach to them individually, and appealing to on the other side of the world. We make the authority of the commander-in-chief for these observations, certainly. without any idea redress against such charges, and to his perof denying the right of the East India Com-sonal experience for their falsehood. To these pany to make any retrenchments they may letters the general replied, that the orders in think proper, but to show that it is a right question had been prepared without any refer which ought to be exercised with great deli-ence to his opinion, and that, as the matter was cacy and with sound discretion-that it should so far advanced, he deemed it inexpedient to only be exercised when the retrenchment is of real importance-and above all, that it should always be accompanied with every mark of suavity and conciliation. Sir George Barlow, on the contrary, committed the singular imprudence of stigmatizing the honour, and wounding the feelings of the Indian officers. At the same moment that he diminishes their emoluments he tells them, that the India Company take away their allowances for tents, because those allowances have been abused in the meanest, most profligate, and most unsoldier-like manner; for this and more than this is conveyed in the report of Colonel Munro, published by order of Sir George Barlow. If it was right, in the first instance, to diminish the emoluments of so vast an army, interfere. The officers commanding corps,. finding that no steps were taken to remove the obnoxious insinuations, and considering that, while they remained, an indelible disgrace was cast upon their characters, prepared charges against Colonel Munro. These charges were forwarded to General Macdowall, referred by him to the judge advocate general, and returned, with his objections to them, to the officers who had preferred the charges. For two months after this period, General Mac.. dowall appears to have remained in a state of uncertainty, as to whether he would or would not bring Colonel Munro to a court-martial upon the charges preferred against him by the commanders of corps. At last, urged by the discontents of the army, he determined in the affirmative; and Colonel Munro was put in arrest, preparatory to his trial. Colonel Munro then appealed directly to the governor, Sir George Barlow; and was released by a positive order from him. It is necessary to state, that all appeals of officers to the government in India always pass through the hands of the commander-in-chief; and this appeal, therefore, of Colonel Munro, directed to the government, was considered by General Macdowall as a great infringement of military discipline. We have very great doubts whether Sir George Barlow was not guilty of another great mistake in preventing this court-martial from taking place. It is undoubtedly true, that no servant of the public is amenable to justice for doing what the government orders him to do; but he is not entitled to protection under the pretence of that order, if he has done something which it evidently did not require of him. If Colonel Munro had been ordered to report upon the conduct of an individual officer,and it could be proved that, in gratification of private malice, he had taken that opportunity of stating the most infamous and malicious falsehoods, could it be urged that his conduct might not be fairly scrutinized in a court of justice, or a court-martial? If this were other wise, any duty delegated by government to an individual would become the most intolerable necessary to the right comprehension of this case, we shall lay it before our readers. "G. O. by the Commander-in-chief. General Macdowall from Madras will prevent "The immediate departure of Lieutenant his pursuing the design of bringing LieutenantColonel Munro, quartermaster-general, to trial, for disrespect to the commander-in-chief, for disobedience of orders, and for contempt of military authority, in having resorted to the power of the civil government, in defiance of the judgment of the officer at the head of the army, who had placed him under arrest, on charges preferred against him by a number of officers commanding native corps, in consequence of which appeal direct to the honourable the president in council, Lieutenant-General Macdowall has received positive orders from the chief secretary to liberate Lieutenant Colonel Munro from arrest. "Such conduct on the part of LieutenantColonel Munro, being destructive of subordination, subversive of military discipline, a violation of the sacred rights of the commander-in-chief, and holding out a most dangerous example to the service, Lieutenantof the profession, and his own station and General Macdowall, in support of the dignity character, feels it incumbent on him to express Munro's unexampled proceedings, and conhis strong disapprobation of Lieutenant-Colonel siders it a solemn duty imposed upon him to reprimand Lieutenant-Colonel Munro in gene-, ral orders; and he is hereby reprimanded accordingly. (Signed) T. Boles, D. a. G.”— Accur. & Auth. Nar. pp. 68, 69. Sir George Barlow, in consequence of this paper, immediately deprived General Macdowall of his situation of commander-in-chief, which he had not yet resigned, though he had quitted the settlement; and as the official signature of the deputy adjutant-general appeared to the paper, that officer also was suspended from his situation. Colonel Capper, the adju tant-general, in the most honourable manner informed Sir George Barlow, that he was the culpable and responsible person; and that the name of his deputy only appeared to the paper source of oppression: he might gratify every enmity and antipathy-indulge in every act of malice-vilify and traduce every one whom he hated-and then shelter himself under the plea of public service. Every body has a right to do what the supreme power orders him to do; but he does not thereby acquire a right to do what he has not been ordered to do. Colonel Munro was directed to make a report upon the state of the army: the officers whom he has traduced accuse him of reporting something utterly different from the state of the army-something which he and every body else knew to be different-and this for the malicious purpose of calumniating their reputation. If this was true, Colonel Munro could not plead the authority of government; for the authority of government was afforded to him for a very different purpose. In this view of the case, we cannot see how the dig-in consequence of his positive order, and benity of government was attacked by the pro- cause he himself happened to be absent on posal of the court-martial, or to what other shipboard with General Macdowall. This remedy those who had suffered from his abuse generous conduct on the part of Colonel Capof his power could have had recourse. Colonel per involved himself in punishment, without Munro had been promised, by General Mac-extricating the innocent person whom he indowall, that the court-martial should consist of king's officers: there could not, therefore, have been any rational suspicion that his trial would have been unfair, or his judges unduly influenced. tended to protect. The Madras government, always swift to condemn, doomed him to the same punishment as Major Boles; and he was suspended from his office. This paper we have read over with great Soon after Sir George Barlow had shown attention; and we really cannot see wherein this reluctance to give the complaining officers its criminality consists, or on what account it an opportunity of re-establishing their injured could have drawn down upon General Maccharacter, General Macdowall sailed for Eng-dowall so severe a punishment as the priva land, and left behind him, for publication, an tion of the high and dignified office which order, in which Colonel Munro was repri- he held. The censure upon Colonel Munro manded for a violent breach in military disci- was for a violation of the regular etiquette pline, in appealing to the governor otherwise of the army, in appealing to the governor than through the customary and prescribed otherwise than through the channel of the channel of the commander-in-chief. As this commander-in-chief. This was an entirely paper is very short, and at the same time very new offence on the part of Colonel Munro. Sir George Barlow had given no opinion upon | to have remonstrated against it, and, in case it; it had not been discussed between him this opposition proved ineffectual, to have and the commander-in-chief; and the com- disobeyed it. We have no hesitation in promander-in-chief was clearly at liberty to act nouncing the imprisonment of Colonel Capper in this point as he pleased. He does not repri- and Major Boles to have been an act of great mand Colonel Munro for obeying Sir George severity and great indiscretion, and such as Barlow's orders; for Sir George had given no might very fairly give great offence to an army, orders upon the subject; but he blames him who saw themselves exposed to the same for transgressing a well-known and important punishments, for the same adherence to their rule of the service. We have great doubts if duties. he was not quite right in giving this reprimand. But at all events, if he was wrong,-if Colonel Munro was not guilty of the offence imputed, still the erroneous punishment which the general had inflicted merited no such severe retribution as that resorted to by Sir George Barlow. There are no reflections in the paper on the conduct of the governor or the government. The reprimand is grounded entirely upon the breach of that military discipline which it was undoubtedly the business of General Macdowall to maintain in the most perfect purity and vigour. Nor has the paper any one expression in it foreign to this purpose. We were, indeed, not a little astonished at reading it. We had imagined that a paper, which drew after it such a long train of dismissals and suspensions, must have contained a declaration of war against the Madras government, an exhortation to the troops to throw off their allegiance, or an advice to the natives to drive their intrusive masters away, and become as free as their forefathers had left them. Instead of this, we find nothing more than a common reprimand from a commander-in-chief to a subordinate officer, for transgressing the bounds of his duty. If Sir George Barlow had governed kingdoms six months longer, we cannot help thinking he would have been a little more moderate. "The measure of removing LieutenantColonel Capper and Major Boles," says Mr. Petrie, "was universally condemned by the most respectable officers in the army, and not more so by the officers in the Company's service, than by those of his majesty's regiments. It was felt by all as the introduction of a most dangerous principle, and setting a pernicious example of disobedience and insubordination to all the gradations of military rank and authority; teaching inferior officers to question the legality of the orders of their superiors, and bringing into discussion questions which may endanger the very existence of government. Our proceedings at the time operated like an electric shock, and gave rise to combinations, associations, and discussions, pregnant with danger to every constituted authority in India. It was observed that the removal of General Macdowall (admitting the expediency of the measure) sufficiently vindicated the authority of government, and exhibited to the army a memorable proof that the supreme power is vested in the civil authority. "The offence came from the general, and he was punished for it; but to suspend from the service the mere instruments of office, for the ordinary transmission of an order to the army, was universally condemned as an act of inapplicable severity, which might do infinite mischief, but could not accomplish any But whatever difference of opinion there good or beneficial purpose. It was to court may be respecting the punishment of General unpopularity, and adding fuel to the flame, Macdowall, we can scarcely think there can which was ready to burst forth in every divibe any with regard to the conduct observed sion of the army; that to vindicate the meatowards the adjutant-general and his deputy. sure on the assumed illegality of the order, is They were the subordinates of the commander- to resort to a principle of a most dangerous in-chief, and were peremptorily bound to pub- tendency, capable of being extended in its aplish any general orders which he might com- plication to purposes subversive of the founmand them to publish. They would have dations of all authority, civil as well as milibeen liable to very severe punishment if they tary. If subordinate officers are encouraged had not; and it appears to us the most flagrant to judge of the legality of the orders of their outrage against all justice to convert their superiors, we introduce a precedent of incalobedience into a fault. It is true, no subordi- culable mischief, neither justified by the spirit nate officer is bound to obey any order which nor practice of the laws. Is it not better to is plainly, and to any common apprehension, have the responsibility on the head of the illegal; but then the illegality must be quite authority which issues the order, except in manifest; the order must imply such a contra- cases so plain that the most common capacity diction to common sense, and such a violation can judge of their being direct violations of of duties superior to the duty of military the established and acknowledged laws? Is obedience, that there can be scarcely two the intemperance of the expressions, the indisopinions on the subject. Wherever any fair cretions of the opinions, the "flammatory doubt can be raised, the obedience of the tendency of the order, so eminently dangerous, inferior officer is to be considered as proper so evidently calculated to excite to mutiny and and meritorious. Upon any other principle, disobedience, so strongly marked with features his situation is the most cruel imaginable: of criminality, as not to be mistaken? Was he is liable to the severest punishment, even the order, I beg leave to ask, of this descripto instant death, if he refuses to obey; and if tion, of such a nature as to justify the adjutanthe does obey, he is exposed to the animadver- general and his deputy in their refusal to pubsion of the civil power, which teaches him lish it, to disobey the order of the commanderthat he ought to have canvassed the order.-in-chief, to revolt from his authority, and to |