FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL NEWS. FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 323 the price obtained by the large dairy farmer was 45s. By the arrival of the steamer Cambria, we are in cheese imported has been 113,428 cwt., and the price the cwt. In the present year the quantity of foreign receipt of our foreign journals up to September 4th. obtained in the Wiltshire markets during the last MARKETS.-Ashes were in greater request. Cotton had advanced fully id. per lb., with large sales. The month has been no less than 60s. the cwt. The total stock on hand at Liverpool on the 1st of September: salted and fresh, and pork, imported from January 5 to quantity of provisions, which includes bacon, beef was 744,000 bales, against 934,000 same time last year. Beef an advance of 6s. per tierce, with a light period of 1846, 122,230 cwt.-European Times. July 5, in 1845, was 70,311 cwt., and during the same stock on hand. Pork had improved. Lard, the same. Cheese, quick of sale with a light stock on hand. But-reckoned from the amount of Nitrogen contained in them; Nourishing Quality of different Vegetable Substances, ter, little doing, Flour, an advance of 6d. per barrel. by E. N. HORSFORD, of Albany, New York, U. S., Indian Corn had risen 3s. per quarter. Naval Stores, a slight advance in Tar. This article was scarce in market. Rice, an advance. Tallow, brisk. Tobacco, a moderate demand. Wool, United States, little on hand, and no recent transactions to quote. of the harvest. The Crops were gathered, and Wheat turns out an average yield; Oats, the same; the Potato crop, owing to the rot, a great failure. The crops on the Continent, especially in France, are rather short than otherwise, so that Great Britain will have to look to the United States for her chief supplies in Provisions. This will be a great boon to the American farmer the ensuing year. To Exchange Papers.-We have one word to say to auch of our contemporaries as are in the habit of copying our foreign summary, which is this: we shall expect them hereafter to give credit to this paper for it, as well as the Foreign Journals; for said Journals cost us no small sum per annum, and the condensations from them give us a great deal of extra labor. It is, therefore, no more than just that we should also have credit for the same. Importation of Grain-The quantity of wheat imported during the past year, has not been so great as in 1845, but that entered for home consumption is much greater-fully 2,000,000 quarters. The import of Indian corn is nearly six times greater this year than during the same period of 1845. Of wheat meal or flour there has been an enormous increase in the arrivals from foreign countries. A large quantity of Indian meal has also been imported this season, which forms no part of the returns in 1845; a small quantity appears to have been imported in 1844. Of the total quantity of grain taken into consumption during the period already stated in 1845, was 543,898. and in 1846, 2,301,949 quarters, and of flour and meal, 97,847 cwt. were taken for a like purpose; in 1846, the quantity had increased to 2,197,554 cwt. The Scarcity of Apples and other fruits in England this year will, we expect, afford to the American cultivator of apples an opportunity of exporting that article to this country to some advantage. This is a very able research conducted in the labora of some of the substance alluded to in the extensive Potatoes.We must again draw the attention of our correspondents to the importance of not coming to hasty conclusions respecting this important matter. It is the worst kind of trifling to pretend that this, that, or the other little experiment has secured a crop, when we are only just at the beginning of the end. We must therefore decline to give insertion to a large number of representations which can have no value, and which their writers would regret to see on record hereafter. To imagine that planting shallow, or planting deep, earthing up or letting it alone, and fifty more such crotchets, can have any effect, is worse than absurd; it is mischievous, for it tends to mislead unreasoning minds.-Gard. Chron. Potato Seed-Seeds produced by healthy plants from Importations of Provisions into Great Britain.-This which the tubers have been removed, and the flowers trade has already received an important impetus by hybridized, is, perhaps, the best; but large ripe plums the late measures of commercial reform. The im- collected from the healthiest plants will answer port of bacon during the six months ending July 5, equally well. They may be spread on a dry loft until 1846, is nearly one hundred times greater than during they become shrivelled, and then mixed with twice the same period of 1845. Salted beef more than their bulk of fine peat or sand, turning the whole over double; fresh beef 150 times greater; hams are also occasionally until the pulp becomes dry and mixed more than double; and in salted and fresh pork there with the peat or sand, in which the seeds will keep is also a considerable increase, but not anything like good for four or five years. The plan of washing the the others. The importation of cheese has not in- seed out of the shrivelled plum, and thoroughly drying creased during the last year; but, notwithstanding it, also answers perfectly; and, suspended in bags in the competition of foreign countries, the value of a dry situation, it will keep good for a long time, more English cheese has not merely been maintained, but especially if the slime has not been too much rubbed considerably advanced. For example-in 1843 the off in the operation of washing. Care must be taken, quantity of foreign cheese imported was only 63,497 however, to keep it from mice, as they are fond of it.ewt. In that year, in the Wiltshire markets in August, | Ibid. Importation of Seeds, Plants, &c.-The seeds saved in N. B. Seeds, bulbs, or plants, must be kept in sepaEngland, in the current year, are generally to be pur-rate packages, or the premature decay of either will chased in London in the months of November and destroy or seriously damage the whole. And the December; consequently, these months are the best smaller the packages of seeds, the greater will be the for making purchases for exportation. certainty of success, as they can be placed in the cabins of ships with less inconvenience, and are more readily carried on deck for occasional airing.-Southern African Almanac. If new seeds are not procurable (which is sometimes the case), the following brief notes of the period for which seeds retain, under proper care, their vegetative powers, may serve as a general guide:Cabbage tribe; four years. Radish, two years. Leguminous culinary vegetables, one year. Mustard, four years. Lettuce, three years. one year. Cucumber, melon, and congeners; ten years. The following instructions will tend to obviate disappointments in the transmission of seeds, trees, &c., if strictly attended to: Seeds for exportation, must be new, perfectly ripened, and well dried, and cleared from all impurities, and to be packed in brown paper or canvass bags, and on board ship to be exposed to a current of air. If the quantity is so large as to require the outer package to be a cask or box, these should be perforated for the admission of air, but of a size to exclude vermin. Those boxes or casks are better for being kept on deck, exposed as little to the sun as possible; or if stowed below, it should be as convenient of access to them, as possible, in order to give them an occasional airing on deck. [Seeds have been successfully preserved through long voyages in glass bottles hermetically sealed. ED.] In long voyages seeds should never be stowed in the hold. Bulbs such as onions, or tubers, as in potatoes, should be carefully dried, and of rare or desirable species, each bulb or tuber should be wrapped up singly, in coarse brown paper, each species in packets by themselves, and placed in close wooden cases, carefully excluding air; these packages require less attention than those containing seeds, but they must not be placed deep in the hold of a ship, for fermentation will take place, and a total decay of the bulbs ensue. Fruit Trees and other deciduous Trees, are fit for export on the fall of the leaf, when they are to be taken up, the longer roots shortened, and the heads shortened also, for the convenience of package, and the roots coated with a tenacious clay puddle, of the thickness of cream, and which must be allowed to dry on the roots; each tree should be numbered with a leaden tally, fixed securely to the stem with copper wire; the trees are then to be closely stowed in strong wooden cases, and made tight, to the total exclusion of air. Moss is sometimes used to fill up the spaces between the trees, but is not necessary. Maiden trees are the best for this mode of package, and of forest trees, those with stems one inch thick at least. Upon the arrival of the trees at their destination, after unpacking, their roots must be soaked in water for 24 hours, and after planting they will require shade and water to be applied conformable to the season. On a long passage the packages to be treated as those of the bulbs. Evergreen Trees and Shrubs to be taken up on the immediate periodical maturity of the leaf, and which are, before packing as above, to be cut off from the stems with a sharp instrument; in evergreens, it is better, if possible, to select such as have no leaves on the lower and reserved part of the stem. The pine and fir tribe must be introduced by seed. Durability of the Wood of the Locust-tree.-The following hotes relative to the duration of the locust wood (Robinia pseud-acacia), have been made by M. Pepin, Jardin du Roi, Paris-A number of trees were felled that had been planted from 40 to 45 years; but not more than one in five of those wheelwrights who came to purchase appreciated sufficiently the locust, the others preferring elm. Ultimately the locust was sold to the person who knew its value, at one-third higher price than the elm. The purchaser found that spokes made of the wood in question lasted two sets of felloes, and were likely to answer for a third. Under equal circumstances of wear and tear, spokes made of locust wood were perfectly sound, whilst those of oak required to be replaced. M. Pepin further states that the ends of locust gate-posts which had been in the soil for upwards of 40 years were still not decayed. This sort of wood employed as feet, or supports, for chests made of oak, proved sound, although the oak planks in contact with them had been thrice renewed; but oak supports decayed simultaneously with the oak planks composing the chests. Vine props of locust wood are greatly esteemed.-Gard. Chron. Plants Diseased in Jamaica.-There has been a disease among the cocoes for more than two years in this island; to the eye, the leaves and head appear sound, yet on breaking they prove rotten and unfit for planting; of which I hear the negroes complaining, as it forms a principal article of their general provisions. The yam season has not yet commenced, so little can be said of them; but complaints are made that the plantain-trees are beginning to show disease. The mangoes are failing generally in this district, which may partly be accounted for by the drought, as also the bad appearance of the bread-fruit. A gentleman lately pointed out to me several pimento-trees, which have become completely blighted, though I have not heard as yet of such being the case elsewhere. The potato-murrain has been truly designated mysterious, and if such unusual diseases appear in the vegetable kingdom throughout various parts of the globe, it may rationally create alarm that some malignant agency is abroad, probably through the intervention of the atmo sphere.-Ibid. Potatoes Sprouting Again.-There appears to be an excited and unnatural state of vegetation in the early growths of the potato this year, which before its arrival at maturity forces out its sprouts or buds, upon which fresh tubers are formed, and these in turn emit their embryo shoots, and exhibit the strange phenomenon of a young growing crop keeping pace with its parent stock, or, as I may say, three generations of tubers growing from the same stem. I have by me now a potato nearly full grown, to which are attached by strong shoots four lesser ones, the size of large green walnuts, and a very great number of young ones just formed, no larger than full-grown peas, but all in a most healthy condition, and it is curious to note that in one instance the bud of the parent tuber, before it had perfected its young stem, shot out (so to speak) upon the other side, and there formed a fresh stem or tuber, giving the appearance of two young potatoes hanging by a chain below each other from the parent one. I may add that where this singular fea ture exhibits itself, I can trace no symptoms of disease.-Ibid. Editor's Table. EDITOR'S TABLE. 325 All further encomium of ours would seem useless. CULTIVATION OF FLAX; the Fattening of Cattle with Native Froduce; Box-feeding; and Summer- A CATALOGUE OF VALUABLE STANDARD WORKS, grazing. By John Warnes, Esq. London: Clowes in the Several Departments of General Literature. & Sons, Stamford Street. Pp. 321, 8vo. Through New York, Harper and Brothers, 82 Cliff st. pp. 98, the politeness of Mr. Henry Coleman, we have re- 12mo. This new Catalogue, having been constructed ceived a copy of this able and well-written work, with a view to the especial use of persons desirous of which, it is to be regretted, cannot be republished in forming or enriching their Literary Collections, as this country entire. For the benefit of our readers, well as principals of District Schools and Seminaries however, who are interested in the flax cause, we pro- of Learning, who may not possess any reliable means pose, hereafter, to publish in our columns, in a con- of forming a true estimate of any production, comdensed form, a series of articles from this treatise, mends itself to all such by its novel feature of includwhich we hope will receive an attentive perusal. ing bibliographical, explanatory, and critical notices. VESTIGES OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF CREA- For want of such aid, a large portion of the reading TION; with a Sequel by the same Author, and an community remain ignorant of the vast wealth of our Appendix containing an Article from the North Bri- accumulated literary stores, an acquaintance with tish Review. New York: Wiley & Putnam, 161 which must ever be regarded as an essential element, Broadway. Pp. 496, 12mo. Price 75 cents. A gene- both in the progress of social advancement and in inral notice of this work having been given at page 70,dividual refinement and happiness. It may be as well vol. 4, of the Agriculturist, we are now only called to add, that the valuable collection described in this upon to notice the fourth edition, greatly amended by Catalogue combines the two-fold advantages of great the author, and the "Explanations." That a work, economy in price and neatness, often great elegance of like the present, should have raised a vast number of typographical execution, in many instances the rates admirers on one hand, and a host of antagonists on of publication being scarcely one-sixth of those of simithe other, is no more than could be expected. Indeed, lar issues in Europe. Copies of this Catalogue may that the author is open on all sides to criticism, is be obtained, free of expense, by application to the abundantly apparent to any one who will examine Publishers personally, or by letter, post-paid. the work with reference to such points of detail as A NEW UNIVERSAL AND CRITICAL DICTIONARY, may be most familiar to himself. It is therefore sur- of the English Language, by Joseph E. Worcester. prising that the opponents of the peculiar opinions set The Dictionary of Johnson as corrected and enlarged forth in this remarkable volume, if they are not true, by Todd, and Walker's Critical Pronouncing Diction should not have been able to adduce a more powerful ary, have been made, in some degree, the basis of this array of arguments, founded on facts, against this work; but the words found in those dictionaries have "nameless author." He contends that no specific been carefully revised, with regard to their orthogracreation has ever taken place; but that the Almightyphy, pronunciation, definition, &c.; and a great part has commanded matter to obey certain laws, which of them, especially such as relate to the arts and scihave been in operation from the beginning; that the ences, have been defined entirely anew. To the words effect of these self-acting laws has been the produc- found in Todd's Johnson, nearly 27,000 words have tion by successive degrees of completeness of our been added, and for these words authorities are given. globe and all that it contains; that they are still in The work contains a much improved edition of Walkoperation as they always have been, and that they er's key to the pronunciation of Classical and Scripwill continue to act to the end of time. ture Proper Names; and to Walker's Vocabulary about 3000 classical names have been added. It also comprises a pronouncing Vocabulary of about 4000 modern geographical names. The several vocabularies are computed to contain upwards of 106,000 words. Boston: Wilkins, Carter and Co. pp. 956, large 8vo. For sale by Saxton & Miles, 205 Broadway, New York. Price $3 50. Admitting this theory to be correct, it would follow that new and more perfect species of plants and aniinals must have been successively appearing since life was first infused into matter by the will of the Creator; that races in like manner have disappeared, and have been succeeded by others (as geological evidence conclusively proves); that new species are still appearing on the face of the globe; and that, finally, Great attention has been bestowed on pronunciaman himself will disappear, to be succeeded by beings tion; and with regard to words of various, doubtful, more perfect in their nature, and more nearly allied to or disputed pronunciation, the authorities for the va angels. This, in the opinion of the author of the rious modes are exhibited'; so that this dictionary will "Vestiges," is a more philosophical way of account-show the reader in what manner these words are proing for the appearance of new races of living things nounced by all the most eminent English Orthoepists. than to assume that every new form of plants and ani- The grammatical forms and inflections of words have mals is produced by the special and direct interven- been given more fully than ever before in any Engtion of the Almighty; and, he adds, " in a more rever-lish Dictionary; and brief critical notes on the orential way." The weakest point, however, in this thography, the pronunciation, the grammatical form theory unfortunately consists in the absence of proof and construction, and the peculiar, technical, local, that new species are still appearing on the earth. The provincial and American uses of words are scattered author ought to produce evidence of it, if the views he throughout the volume. The design has been to give entertains are just, or his theory falls; for, the law of the greatest quantity of useful matter in the most concreation which he assumes to rule the universe must densed form, and to specify, as far as practicable, aube, and has been, ceaselessly in action from the beginning of thorities in doubtful and disputed cases. time, and can know no pause! A GENERAL INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES OF LECTURES TO YOUNG MEN, on Various Important XLIX. Volumes of Silliman's American Journal of SciSubjects. By Henry Ward Beecher, Indianapolis, Ia. ence and Arts, will be published at the earliest moTenth Thousand, Salem, Ms. John P. Jewett & Co., ment, consistent with its accurate preparation. Com. and Saxton & Miles, 205 Broadway, New York. Pp.plete Sets of the First Series of this excellent Journal, 251, 12mo. Price 62 cts. This excellent little work fifty volumes, including the Index, will soon be offered is so widely circulated and generally known, that any for sale. ADVERTISEMENTS. DUTCHESS AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE. Located twelve miles east of the village of Poughkeepsie, on the Wilkinson Premium Farm," in the Western Valley of Union Vale, Dutchess County. The Winter Session of this Institution commences the first Thursday of October; the Summer Session the first Thursday of April. The Course of Studies in this Institution is such as to give the student every facility for acquiring a most thorough knowledge of Scientific and Practical Agriculture, with the use of the best modern improved Implements; a select Farmer's Library, with numerous Agricultural Periodicals, and instruction in all the collateral branches. There will be Regular Lectures, of which the students will make abstracts, to serve both as examinations and as exercises in composition, delivered on Technical Mineralogy-applied to Rural Economy, Commerce, Chemistry, Mining, and Architecture-illustrated by Mineralogical Cabinet and excursions for observation. Rural and Domestic Economy--illustrated by living specimens and excursions for observation. Zoology-applied to Rural Economy, Commerce, and Manufactures illustrated by living subjects, skeletons, &c. Zoonic course will commence with the Horse. The Natural Philosophy and Agricultural Chemistry-illustrated by efficient Experiments, by Prof. S. E, Haskel, late of the Van Rennselaer Institute, of Troy. Mathematics, in all their branches, are thoroughly taught. A practical knowledge of the Modern Languages is ensured by Weekly Lectures, Discussions, Orations, Essays, and Conversations in them. The soil of the Farm embraces a great variety, and is well adapted to Experimental Farming. Its location is pleasant and healthful-the building extensive and commodious. Fee for the Year $200, payable semi-annually, in advance which includes Tuition, Board, with beds and bedding, Toilet Furniture, Washing, Mending, Fuel, and Lights. Farmers, Pupils from other Schools, or other citizens desirous of attending each or any Course of Lectures, can obtain Admission Tickets by applying to the Principal; for a Single Course for $5, or $3 per Course where they attend two or morepayable in advance. Extensive accommodations for Horses are provided. This Institution is under the patronage of the Am. Ag. Association, the Farmers' Club of the American Institute, and the Dutchess Ag. Society. Address JOHN WILKINSON, Principal Dutchess Professor Cyrus Mason, Zebedee Cook, Esq., 46 Dr. C. H. P. McLellan, Principal of the Poughkeepsie Female Academy. Chas. Bartlett, A.M., Principal Collegiate School, Po'keepsie. Wm. A. Davies, Esq., President of the Farmers' and Manufac turers' Bank. Matthew J. Myers, Esq., President of the Merchants' Bank. John Van Wyck, Esq., New Hamburgh. SUPERIOR STRAWBERRY PLANTS. The Subscribers have now ready for delivery from their garden at Astoria, L. I., several thousands of the best Strawberry plants în cultivation, and among them a limited stock of a new and unsurpassed American Seedling, called "North's Victory," raised by an intelligent practical gardener in the country, and which for size, flavor, and great product, is not surpassed by any foreign or domestic variety at present known. We have tested its qualities for two seasons, and assert with confidence, and warrant, as stated. Price $1 per dozen-the plants strongly rooted, three in a pot, which can be divided and planted out immediately, the present moist season being highly favorable to their rooting firmly in the ground. FOR SALE. 327 A Farm of 325 acres, in Fishkill, Dutchess County. It is one of the choicest sections in the County. The Farm is partly of high limestone land, and with some rich alluvial meadows lying along the Matteawan Creek. The buildings are new and extensive-the fences all good-and the soil in fine condition. Increased production can be obtained from inexhaustible supplies of muck and limestone on the farm. It lies 5 miles from the Hudson River; which with the villages, mills, and factories around, afford near and abundant market. To a gentleman, the beauty of this part of the country, and the NEW YORK AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE. vey's Stalk, Straw, and Hay Cutters. Price from $8 to $30. Burr Stone Mills, of various patterns, from 12 to 36 inch stones. Improved Horse Powers, Ross's, Warren's, Trimble's, and Threshers of different patterns, with or without Separators. Corn Shellers, with Mill attached for grinding. Price $12. nery, of best White Oak timber, and first-rate quality of castings, 66 12 No. 2, M & Co. 46 4. M. & Co. 1 Dutcher's. "2 Ditto. Nos. 18, 19, 20, 21, Miner & Horton's. Castings for all the above, at very low prices. Also Meyer's Improved Premium Bergen Plows, made up in a superior manner. A. B. ALLEN, 187 Water Street, N.Y. COMMERCIAL GARDEN AND NURSERY OF PARSONS & CO., FLUSHING, NEAR NEW YORK. The Proprietors of this Establishment are constantly increasing their stock, which now covers nearly seventy acres of ground, and includes every desirable variety ofuit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, &c. Their possession of specimen grounds to the testing of every variety of fruit they cultivate, affords then fereased facilities for the attainment of correctness. They would also call attention to their large assortment of Foreign Grapes, some seventy varieties of which they are fruiting under glass. To venders, and those who purchase in large quantities, liberal discounts will be made. Catalogues can be obtained gratis, of the Proprietors by mail, of Parsons & Lawrence, No. 10 Pine Street, or of A. B. Allen, 187 Water Street, New York. PERUVIAN GUANO AT REDUCED PRICES. hand for sale, in bags, barrels, half barrels, and kegs. The subscriber keeps this superior fertilizer constantly on It comes direct from the Agent of the Peruvian Company, and is warranted genuine and of a first rate quality. .2 cents per Ib. One ton and under five tons..... ...21-8 do. Half a ton and under one ton.........2 1-4 do. Under half a ton.... .2 1-2 do. Five tons and over.. A. B. ALLEN, 187 Water Street, N. Y. A BOOK FOR FARMERS. This Guano is packed in bags weighing from 120 to 150 lbs.; Also Hovey's Boston Pine, $2 per dozen-Buist's (of Philadelphia) Prize, 82 per dozen-Princess Alice Maude, $1 per barrels, from 220 to 250 lbs.; half barrels from 115 to 130 lbs.; dozen, very early and fine-Princess Royal, $2 per dozen- kegs about 60 lbs. each. When a larger quantity than one British Queen, $3 per 100-Myatt's Eliza, $3 per 100-this ton is taken, it is expected it will be in bags. No allowance last is a superior variety, good bearer, and of exquisite pine flavor for tare, and no charge for packages. Cartage extra. -extra fine.-Prince Albert (TRUE), $1.50 per dozen-Victoria, $2 per 100, one of the very best in cultivation-Iowa, $1 per dozen, fine new sort-Swainstone, $1 per dozen, with several other sorts, but those named above are among the best. All the above are in pots, strongly rooted, and making runners, a much better mode than hastily taking up and planting out, as the plants having little stability in themselves, and are killed by a single day's exposure to the sun; this is why so many fail to grow. Also Scotch Pine Apple or Crimson Cone, an unrivalled sort, possessing every good quality, $2 per 100-carefully transplanted from the bed, and well packed. J. M. THORBURN & CO., 15 John Street. A System of Book-keeping, as applied in practice to the business of Jobbing Merchants, City Retail Merchants and Country Merchants, with a concise plan of accounts, for all persons, in one book, suited to Mechanics, Farmers, and Professional men; being a self-instructor, and for the use of schools. By James Arlington Bennett, LL.D., author of the American Practical System of Book-keeping, by double entry, &c SAXTON & MILES, Publishers, |