ADVERTISEMENTS.

ROSES-AUST. YELLOW.-Harrison's double yellow. FLOWERING PLANTS AND SHRUBS.-Kalmia Latifolia alba, Magnolia Macrophylla, Magnolia Gracilis, Deutzia Scobra, CypriList of Plants, Flowers, &c., exhibited at the First Semi-Annual pedium Spectabile, Spirea filipendula pleno, Geranium pratense Exhibition of the Long Island Horticultural Society, at Flushing, Pleno, Campanula persicifolia alba pleno, Campanula persicirolia on the 11th and 12th of June, 1816, from the Linnaæan Botanie cerulea maxima, Lychnis dioica pleno alba, Hotteya Japonica, BigGardens and Nurseries of WM. R. PRINCE & Co. The most ofonia Crucigera, New Honey Suckle from Oregon, Iris of fifteen the Roses were exhibited in frames for display, without being offered for premiums.

ROSES-BENGAL.-Cypres, Cels Multiflora, Darius, Jacksonia, Louis Philippe, Madame Fries Morel, Philippe, La Superbe, Furtado, Perfection. ROSES-TEA SCENTED.-Arch Dutchess Therese Isabelle, Bou-ginate, Victory Superb. gere, Dremont, Josephine Malton, Moiré, Nitida, Saffrano, Silene, American White, Fleur de Cypres, La Desiré, Barbot, Common Blush. ROSES-BOURBON.-Abbé Plantier, Amenaide, Acidalie, Augustine Lelieur, Bosanquet, Bouquet de Flore, Gloire de Rosamanes, Henri Plantier, Julie de Loynes, Madame Breon, Thiaffait, Madame Desprès, Madame Newman, Paul Joseph, Reine du Congress, Comice de Seine and Marne, Madame Margat, Newman, Margi

ROSES-GALLICA.-Leon the 10th, Arlequin, Fanny Parisot,ington, Prince's Gracilis, New Seedling Blush.
Fontenelle, La Muskowa, New Village Maid, Pánaché semi-dou-
ble, Stella, Tricolor No. 1, Tricolor No. 2, Village Maid, The
Prince, La Belle Marié, Antonine d'Ormois, Vidua, Aurelie La
Marc, Boula de Nauteuil, Crivalis, Roi de Prusse, Dutchess of
Buccleugh, Heureuse Surprise, William Tell, Mignon bicolor.
ROSES DAMASK-Monstrueux.

gro, Negro panache, Pluto, Proserpine, Rebecca, Regina Nigro-York Agricultural Warehouse. Price of Syringes from $4 to $6. rum, Tuscany, Venustus.

THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. Published Monthly, by SAXTON & MILES, 205 Broadway, New York, containing 32 pages, royal octavo.

TERMS-One Dollar per year in advance; three copies for Two Dollars; eight copies for Five Dollars.

ly, or advertising it, will be furnished a copy gratis, upon sending Editors of newspapers noticing the numbers of this work monthsuch notice to this office.

PERUVIAN GUANO AT REDUCED PRICES.

The subscriber keeps this superior fertilizer constantly on hand for sale, in bags, barrels, half barrels, and kegs. It comes direct from the Agent of the Peruvian Company, and is warranted genuine and of a first rate quality. ..2 cents per lb. One ton and under five tons..........21-8 do. Half a ton and under one ton.........2 1-4- do. Under half a ton..... ....2 1-2 do.

This Guano is packed in bags weighing from 120 to 150 lbs.; barrels, from 220 to 250 lbs.; half barrels from 115 to 130 lbs. kegs about 60 lbs. each. When a larger quantity than one ton is taken, it is expected it will be in bags. No allowance for tare, and no charge for packages. Cartage extra.

A. B. ALLEN, 187 Water Street, N. Y.

TO GARDENERS AND NURSERYMEN. Cast-iron Tallies or Naming Sticks for Sale.-This is a recent invention, and is so constructed as to receive the name of any seed, plant, or tree, under a glass cover, thus keeping it safe and always distinct to be seen. They will last half a century, and are very cheap, costing only 50 cents to $1.50 per dozen.

934

Self-Acting Machine for Raising Water, or Water Ram...... 235
Farm and Villa of Mr. King

936

937

240

243

246

947

Hints on the Construction of Farm-Houses, A J. Downing... 248
Preservation and Application of Manures, A. Beatty:
Queries on Butter Making, A Subscriber
Domestic Fish Ponds, No. 3, D'Jay Browne
To make Bacon........

250

952

253

954

255

256

257

New York State Agricultural Show..
Pennock's Seed and Grain Planter
Management of Honey Bees, No. 2, T. B. Miner
Cultivation of Corn, M. C. M. Hammond..
LADIES' DEPARTMENT: Knitting, E. L....
Boys' DEPARTMENT: Good Tools for Boys Again, Lert...... 958
Foreign Agricultural News.......
Editor's Table........

Review of the Market...******

AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST.

Agriculture is the most healthful, the most useful, and the most noble employment of man.- -WASHINGTON." VOL. V.

A. B. ALLEN, Editor.

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1846.

BUTTER.

IN France, a kind of jam, or apple butter, called raisiné composé, is prepared by boiling apples in unfermented wine. The must or wine should be reduced by boiling to one-half of its bulk, to be continually skimmed as fresh scum arises, and afterwards strained through a cloth or a fine sieve. The apples are then pared, cut into quarters, and put into this liquor (raisine) and left to simmer gently over a fire, with a continual stirring with a wooden spatula or slice, till the apple becomes thoroughly amalgamated with the liquor, and the whole forms a kind of marmalade, which is extremely agreeable to the taste.

NO. IX.

SAXTON & MILES, Publishers, 205 Broadway.

particularly for children, who eat it spread on bread, and for persons in delicate health, whose stomachs will not bear butter. In Italy, the raisine is eaten with gnocchi and other preparations of Indian corn, and with maccaroni, to give a flavor to these dishes: There is nothing better to make a dinner relish, and we would always have it, or apple, or cranberry sauce, if possible,

PRESERVATION OF APPLES.

APPLES intended to be preserved for winter and spring use, should remain upon the trees until quite ripe, which usually takes place at the coming of the first heavy frosts. They should then be plucked from the trees by hand, in a fair day, and When prepared in the northern departments of packed up immediately in casks, in alternate layers France, the raisine, after the first boiling, skimming, of dry sand, plaster, chaff, saw-dust, or bran, and and straining, is set in a cool place for twenty-four conveyed to a cool, dry place, as soon as possible. hours, when a saline liquor, like a scum, appears The sand or saw-dust may be dried in the heat of on the surface. This is removed, and the liquor summer, or may be baked in an oven at the time strained, before it is mixed with the apples, as required to be used. The peculiar advantages above. This scum consists principally of tartaric arising from packing apples in sand, are explained acid, which would spoil the raisine, and prevents it and commented upon as follows, by the late Mr. from keeping sweet, but which is not perceivable Webster, author of the "American Dictionary of the when the grapes, from which the wine is made, English Language." "1st, The sand keeps the apples have been ripened in a southern climate. The from the air, which is essential to their preservaraisine, when properly prepared, is sweet, but with tion; 2d, The sand checks the evaporation or pera slight flavor of acidity, like lemon-juice mixed spiration of the apples, thus preserving in them with honey. The best raisine is made in Bur- their full flavor-at the same time any moisture gundy. In Normandy, a similar marmalade is yielded by the apples is absorbed by the sand-so composed of

apple-butter,er and pears, much resembling the that the apples are kept dry, and all mustiness is

or "apple-sauce," of the United States; but it is not so good as the raisini, being apt to ferment. In some cases, the pears are put into an earthen vessel without water, and placed in a baker's oven, after the bread has been drawn, previously to mixing with water.

The best raisine is considered very wholesome,

prevented. My pippins, in May and June, are as fresh as when first picked. Even the ends of stems look as if just separated from the twigs; 3d, The sand is equally a preservative from frost, rats, &c. But after the extreme heat of June takes place, all apples speedily lose their flavor, and become insipid.".

266

IMPORTATION OF PURE BRED MERINO SHEEP.

| IMPORTATION OF PURE BRED MERINO

SHEEP.

They varied from 124 to 153 lbs. Some of them were quite thin in flesh, the largest especially, which, if in fine condition and her fleece on, would weigh at least 200 lbs.

The following is the weight of their fleeces unwashed. We took them ourselves in the presence of several witnesses, and as fast as shorn from the ewes' backs. The scales we used did not mark less than one quarter of a pound, which will account for the absence of odd ounces. No. 17...... 13 lbs.

37

15

64...... 16 3-4 "

No. 100

.12 1-4 lbs.

109

17

"

110

.17

14 1-2 "

15 3-4 "

16 1-4 "

.....14 3-4 .....13 1-2 "

It will be recollected we mentioned in the Agriculturist of last year, that Mr. John A. Taintor, of Hartford, Ct., had sailed for England in the month of May, with a view of making a general tour in Europe; and that a paramount object with him during his absence, would be the inspection of the best fine-woolled flocks of France, Germany, and Spain, for the purpose of selecting some choice animals from them for an importation into the United States. We know no man in America so well qualified to make these selections as Mr. Taintor; for his father was largely interested in the early importations of the Spanish Merinos, and their subsequent breeding; and the son was with him in the same occupation from boyhood, followed up by extensive dealings in wool from that time to the present. In this way he had the best opportunity of obtaining a thorough knowledge of the animals, The fleeces were about fourteen months old, but and the best system of rearing and breeding them, they had lost some on their voyage out, and on actogether with an intimate acquaintance with the count of the lateness of the season, were not shorn wants of the manufacturers, and that quality and near as close as it is customary; besides, on sevestyle of wool most suitable for their general pur-ral of them, from half to one pound of the wool was poses. Thus qualified to make selections, Mr. Taintor has spent about fifteen months in looking over the government and private flocks in the north and south of France, and among the Pyrenees; in the mountains and plains of Spain; and in Saxony, Prussia, and Austria, including Bohemia and Moravia. All this was done under peculiarly favorable circumstances, and such as are not soon likely to occur to any one again. The result is, from these flocks, he has been permitted to choose such sheep as he wanted. Four Saxon bucks and four ewes of his selection, from the Electoral and the equally celebrated Baron de Spreck's flocks, came out in the ship Atlantic, from Bremen, for Mr. Scoville, of Connecticut, a notice of which we gave at pages 198 and 203 of our current volume; and three Merino bucks and twenty-three ewes arrived with him in the ship Patrick Henry, Capt. Delano, from Liverpool, on the 1st of August last.

left on the heads and legs, for the purpose of giving an idea of their fleeces to those who may call hereafter to look at them. Taking all these things into consideration, it was the unanimous opinion of several sheep-masters present, that the wool clipped from these ewes was not more than would have been equivalent to one year's growth.

We shall not compare the weight of these fleeces with what is generally termed clean washed wool, as it is the most uncertain and unsatisfactory comparison which can be made, for when it comes to be cleansed by the manufacturer, it will vary in loss from 20 to 50 per cent. just as the case may happen. It was the unbiassed opinion of several wool dealers present, and our own, that the shearing above would yield at least 35 lbs. of cleansed wool, fitted for manufacturing without further loss, out of every 100 lbs. shorn. The fourteen ewes yielded 216 lbs. unwashed, which would be equivalent to 75 lbs. 10 Although we had a good opportunity of seeing oz. thoroughly cleansed, or an average of 5 lbs. 6 oz. these sheep on board ship after their arrival, and per head. If any of our readers are desirous to again when transferred to the steamboat for Hart-know what this would come up to, clean washed, ford, yet this was not sufficient to satisfy us; ac- they may safely add one third. This would bring cordingly, after they had been at home about a the average as wool growers usually dispose of fortnight, we went on there to examine them more their fleeces, to 7 lbs. 3 oz. per head-a yield totally particularly, and see them shorn, they having come unprecedented in this country. The usual average out with their fleeces on. The rams being young, weight of good Merino ewes is about half this. we will dismiss them by saying, that they are the The average of the flocks in Europe from which most promising animals of their breed we ever saw, these sheep were chosen, is, for rams from 15 to 17 and when full grown, will weigh at least from 225 lbs. per head; for ewes 11 to 13 lbs., unwashed. to 250 lbs. each. The sire of one was sold the The average price of such wool in its unwashed past season for $500. He sheared 23 lbs. of un-state, is 26 cents per lb. of our money. washed wool.

Their

These sheep show great vigor of constitution, To give an idea of the ewes, we measured them and are remarkably well formed, with enormous after they were shorn, and found they varied from dewlaps and folds all over the carcass. 25 to 29 inches in height over the withers; fleeces are very close, thickly covering the head and lest it may be thought this superior height is and legs as well as the body, and are uncommonly attained by extra long legs, we will add, that the even, the wool being nearly as good on the flanks height of the under side of their bodies from the as on the shoulders, while its felting properties are ground, was from 9 to 12 inches; which, ac-unsurpassed. In fineness of quality it is equal to cording to our observation, is no greater in proportion to their size, than that of good American Merino sheep. Their weights we took after being shorn.

the best American Merino. To those who have good pastures and are desirous of breeding a large, strong, hardy flock, yielding wool fine enough for

STEVENS' PATENT FENCE.-SHOW OF N. Y. STATE AG. SOCIETY.

267

United States, and that Mr. Taintor deserves the gratitude of his country for it. He has made arrangements in Europe for a few others of a similar superior character to follow these next season, and as often thereafter as it may be advisable to make a fresh cross, so that flock-masters may not only be satisfied as to the character of his produce, but have an opportunity also of getting a fresh cross themselves from his flock whenever necessary.

One ram and seven ewes have been placed by Mr. Taintor, in the hands of Mr. Francis Rotch, of Butternuts, Otsego County, N. Y.; another ram has been sent to Mr. L. G. Bingham, of Williston, Vt., to breed to his Rambouillet Merino flock, purchased last year of Mr. D. C. Collins, Hartford, Ct., a notice of which appeared in our last volume, page 382, STEVENS' PATENT FENCE.

MR. JOSEPH STEVENS, of Northumberland, SaraSHOW OF THE NEW YORK STATE AG. SOCIETY.toga County, New York, has recently invented a Let our readers bear in mind that this Show will mode of constructing fences on a new plan. The take place at Auburn, on the 15th, 16th, and 17th, posts are made of the same composition as common of this month. The place is easily reached by the bricks, being burnt or baked to the consistency of great Western railroad, which passes directly a hard, arch brick. They are set in the ground through it. Auburn is a beautiful town, in the diagonally, or corner-wise; a tenon is made on the heart of a highly fertile country, and the accommotop of each post, on which is placed a coupling dation for visitors there we understand is most block for the top rail to rest upon, and fastened to ample. The show will be a grand farmers' festival, it by a pin or nail, which unites the whole fence and we hope to see a large number of them present, firmly together; the bottom rail is notched at each with their families. They will find much to admire end, so as to brace the posts firmly, and is support- there, and something we trust to instruct them. ed by the paling or pickets. It will be seen that in We have no doubt it will be one of the best, in this mode of construction, there are no tenons in the rails, thus preventing rot or decay in the wooden part.

frequent pulse, loss of appetite, dejected head, and a languid or watery eye, with a disposition to lie down in a dark or shady place, are certain marks, in all brute animals, of one of the most frequent Perhaps there is no improvement at the present diseases with which they are affected that is, the day, more needed or more called for, than that of fever. The watery eye, an inability to bark, or fences; farmers in particular, who are subject to barking with a stertorous hoarseness, indicate the such great expense in constructing in the old man- approach of madness in the dog. The elevation of ner, and a constant tax in repairing them, while the the hair on the back of a cat, and its not falling materials they now use are yearly becoming more upon its feet, when thrown from a moderate height, scarce, and their expenses consequently greater, are the premonitory signs of that disease, which will do well to look into this matter, and avail has long proved fatal to that species of animal both themselves of the opportunity offered, to obtain a in Europe and America. The tail of a horse losing cheap and durable article. The inventor has ascertained by experiment that this fence can be constructed as cheaply as any ordinary kind now

its regularity of motion from side to side, indicates that he is indisposed, and the part in which his disease is seated is pointed out by one of his ears inclining backwards to the side affected. The seat