our globe. And, as that language still remains in all its lingual, although not orthographical, purity, it is not likely that any great truth connected with our name and race has altogether disappeared. Hostile masters, with a hostile religion, could alone have succeeded in producing such a lamentable and melancholy result. But we, the primitive inhabitants, were not subjected to any foreign invader before the written record had replaced the less durable traditionary memorials; for the coins of Cunobelinus prove, that the public use of letters was adopted by the Britons long before the Claudian invasion.

Listen, therefore, to the words of the sixty-seventh Triad, which records in written language the memory of ancient days with respect to the physical disturbances which have varied the form and figure of our island :—

"The three original pre-eminent islands of Inis Prudain are, Orc, Manau, and Gwith-Anglicé, Orkney, Man, and Wight; and in process of time the sea made inroads upon the land, so that Môn became an island. In the same manner the island Orc was broken up, so that it became a multitude of islands; and other portions of Alban and of the land of the Cumri became islands."

We now know from geological proofs what wild work the Atlantic Ocean has done on our western shores, from the Land's End to the storm-swept Orcades; and the tradition with respect to the fact, that the waves of Cardigan Bay now roll over what was once a well-watered plain covered with flourishing cities, is as familiar on the lips of all the dwellers on this coast as it was in the third and fourth generation after the event occurred, although the time assigned for it is far less remote than the actual occurrence, as the work of the geographer Ptolemy plainly shows that our shores, when he described them, did not much vary from their present form. Tradition tells the same tale of the western shores of Cernui, and in the vicinity of the Menai Straits, although with a considerable variation with respect to dates. Similar tales are told by the present occupiers of the Hebrides and Orcades. And, although the latter group has passed into the hands of an alien and hostile race, they still abound with megalithic

monuments; and we probably owe this venerable record respecting the once continuous island of Orc to those Druids who worshipped in the great monolithic temple in Pomona, which is inferior in magnitude alone to the great sanctuaries of Abury and Stonehenge.

This temple was long ascribed to the Scandinavian conquerors of the Orcades, by men who were determined to recognize in the ancient Briton nothing but a helpless savage; but it is now unanimously restored to its true founders, seeing, as has been well observed, "that its stones were grey with the moss of centuries long before the first Norwegian prow touched the shores of Pomona."

I here repeat, what I have often said before, and what I wish deeply to impress upon the memories of my young and thoughtful hearers, that the stone monuments generally supposed to be Druidical, were the works of a race of men who had Druids for their priests and instructors, and who occupied this island from east to west, from north to south, in times far anterior to the commencement of profane history, whose fathers were immigrants descended from the post diluvian civilizers of the earth, who, after their settlement here, supplied Europe, Asia, and Africa with the tin of their mines, which entered into the composition of bronze, the metal most in use in early ages, and that their language was the Cumraeg, and that the knowledge of that language and its literary treasures, seems to present to the learned world the sole chance of recovering the prehistoric annals of the profane world.

The learned have long refused to acknowledge this great and valuable truth; but, in spite of all obstruction, it will eventually force itself upon the public notice, and be hailed as the one great light in a field of observation which is now covered with a thick darkness.

ON THE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CUMRAEG

AND THE GAELEG.

BEFORE this investigation be further carried out, it is necessary to affirm, positively and firmly, that long anterior to the arrival of Julius Cæsar on these shores, Great Britain and Ireland were occupied by two races who spoke languages mutually unintelligible to each other, and who could not have held any intercourse, social or commercial, without the aid of an interpreter, and that the difference between them is certainly as great as that between the Greek and Latin, with this unmistakable character-that the Gaelic or Irish tongue is in closer connection with the Latin, the Cumric with the Greek; and this is shown in the altered form of the numerals, which both Greeks, Latins, Gaels, and Cumri, must have brought with them from their Eastern home.

The first three numerals, one, two, three, present no great change of form, with this exception, that the Cumric has "Dwy" and "Tair" for feminine nouns, instead of "Dau or Doi" and Tri, the masculines. Proofs of the existence of these forms in older times, and in remote regions, are to be seen in the Homeric doo and the Indian "Dooab," in Cumric Dwyav (two rivers), and in the Latin "Ter," which must have sprung from "Tair," three times.

But in the numerals four and five, an organic change is visible, which, when once established, must always have remained a monument of permanent separation.

The numeral four is written in the Homeric language τέσσαρες and πισυρες ; in Cumric Peduar masculine, Pedeir feminine; in Latin Quatvor; in Gaelic Cethir, corrupted among the Scottish Gaels into Chur and Char, which forms are also found in the Indian languages.

The numeral five is in the Homeric form πεντε and πεμπε, probably the older; in the Cumric "Pimp," "Pump," and "Pemp"; in Latin Quinque or Cinque; in Gaclic Co-eg and Co-ig. This radical confusion between the labials B and P, with the gutturals G and C, pervades the four languages, and divides the Cumric and the Greek into one class, the Gaelic and the Latin into another.

It also serves another purpose. It enables us to discover to which of these two classes belonged the language of the people who inhabited Central Gaul and passed over into Italy, conquered Rome, and settled in Cisalpine Gaul: hence many of their words passed into Roman use; and two words of Gallic origin, but adopted by the Romans, Petor-rit-um, a four-wheeled chariot, compound of Pedair, and Rhid, Rhod, or Rheda, a wheel, and Pempedula, compounded of Pempe and Dail, "leaves," prove clearly that the people who used them were of the Cumric race.

It is deeply to be deplored that these two ancient languages, coexistent with the known inhabitants of these islands, and both abounding in the most valuable materials for illustrating not only the history of the component parts of this great empire, but of mankind in general, and the progress of knowledge and civilization, should have remained so long an unknown subject to the literary world of Europe: prejudices long fostered, political maxims founded on the ancient principle "Væ Victis," and the prevalent desire among dominant nations first to keep down, and then to absorb into their own body, van