STANTIVES are either Primary, ör Se-| Ch. V. condary, that is to say, according to a Language more familiar and known, are either NOUNS or PRONOUNS. The NOUNS denote Substances, and those either Natural, Artificial, or Abstract*. They moreover denote Things either General, or Special, or Particular. The PRONOUNS, their Substitutes, are either Prepositive, or Subjunctive. THE PREPOSITIVE is distinguished into three Orders, called the First, the Second, and G 3 the παιδα δ ̓ ΕΜΟΙ, for παῖδα δὲ ΜΟΙ, on account of the Contradistinction, which there occurs between the Grecians and Chryses. See Apoll. de Syntaxi, L. 1. c. 3. p. 20. L. II. c. 2. p. 102, 103. This Diversity between the Contradistinctive Pronouns, and the Enclitic, is not unknown even to the English Tongue. When we say, Give me Content, the (Me) in this case is a perfect Enclitic. But when we say, Give Mé Content, Give Him his thousands, the (Me) and (Him) are no Enclitics, but as they stand in opposition, assume an Accent of their own, and so become the true glor εμέναι, * Sce before, p. 37, 38. Ch. V. the Third Person. THE SUBJUNCTIVE includes the powers of all those three, having superadded, as of its own, the pcculiar force of a Connective. HAVING done with SUBSTANTIVES, we now proceed to ATTRIBUTIVES. CHAP. CHAP. VI. Concerning Attributives. ATTRIBUTIVES are all those principal Ch. VI. Words, that denote Attributes, considered as Attributes. Such for example are the Words, Black, White, Great, Little, Wise, Eloquent, Writeth, Wrote, Writing, &c.(a). G4 How (a) In the above list of Words are included what Grammarians called Adjectives, Verbs, and Participles, in as much as all of them equally denote the Attributes of Substance. Hence it is, that as they are all from their very nature the Predicates in a Proposition (being all predicated of some Subject or Substance. Snow is white, Cicero writeth, &c.) hence I say the Appellation PHMA or VERB is employed by Logicians in an extended Sense to denote them all. Thus Ammonius explaining the reason, why Aristotle in his Tract de Interpretatione calls λευκός α Verb, tells us πᾶσαν φωνὴν, κατηγορέμενον ὅρον ἐν προτάσει ποιῆσαν, ῬΗΜΑ καλεῖσθαι, that every Sound aro ticulate, Ch. VI. HOWEVER, previously to these, and to every other possible Attribute, whatever a thing may be, whether black or white, square or round, wise or eloquent, writing or thinking, it must first of necessity EXIST, before it can possibly be any thing else. For EXISTENCE may be considered as an universal Genus, to which all things of all kinds are at all times to be referred. The Verbs therefore, which denote it, claim precedence of all others, as being essential to the very being of every Proposition, in which they may still be found, either exprest, or by implication; exprest, as when we say, The Sun Is bright; by implication, as when we say, The ticulate, that forms the Predicate in a Proposition, is called The Sun rises, which means, when re- Ch. VI. solved, The Sun is rising(). THE Verbs, Is, Groweth, Becometh, Est, Fit, ὑπάρχει ἐςὶ, πέλει, γίγνεται, are all of them used to express this general Genus. The Latins have called them Verba Substantiva, Verbs Substantive, but the Greeks Ρήματα Υπαρκτικὰ Verbs of Existence, a Name more apt, as being of greater latitude, and comprehending equally as well Attribute, as Substance. The principal of those Verbs, and which we shall particularly here consider, is the Verb, 'Eçi, Est, Is. Now all EXISTENCE is either absolute or qualified-absolute, as when we say, B Is; qualified, as when we say, B IS AN ANIMAL; B IS BLACK, IS ROUND, &c. WITH See Metaphys. Aristot. L. V. c. 7. Edit. Du-Vall, |