Ch. II. tinctly to express the Thing, first by its

Name, and then by its Definition. Soifwe say, That Figure is a Sphere, OR a Globe, O'R a Ball-the Disjunctive in this case, tends no farther to disjoin, than as it distinguishes the several Names, which belong to the same Thing (").

AGAIN-the Words, When and Where, and all others of the same nature, such as, Whence, Whither, Whenever, Wherever, &c. may be properly called ADVERBIAL CONJUNCTIONS, because they participate the nature both of Adverbs and Conjunctions-of Conjunctions, as they conjoin Sentences; of Adverbs, as they denote

(n) The Latins had a peculiar Particle for this occasion, which they called Subdisjunctiva, a Subdisjunctive ; and that was SIVE. Alexander sive Paris; Mars sive Mavors. The Greek "Er' seems to answer the same end. Of these Particles, Scaliger thus speaks-Et sane nomen Subdisjunctivarum recte acceptum est, neque enim tam planè disjungit, quam Disjunctiva. Nam Disjunctiva sunt in Contrariis-Subdisjunctivæ autem etiam in non Contrariis, sed Diversis tantum; ut, Alexander sive Paris. De C.L. Lat. c. 170.

denote the Attributes either of Time, or Ch. II. of Place.

AGAIN-these Adverbial Conjunctions, and perhaps most of the Prepositions (contrary to the Character of accessory Words, which have strictly no Signification, but when associated with other words) have a kind of obscure Signification, when taken alone, by denoting those Attributes of Time and Place. And hence it is, that they appear in Grammar, like Zoophytes in Nature; a kind of (0) middle Beings, of amphibious character, which, by sharing the Attributes of the higher and the lower, conduce to link the Whole together (P).

(ο) Πολλαχοῦ γὰρ ἡ φύσις δήλη γίνεται κατὰ μικρὸν μεταβα ίνεσα, ὥτε ἀμφισβητεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τίνων, πότερον ζῶον ἢ φυτὸν. Themist. p. 74. Ed. Ald. See also Arist. de Animal. Part. p. 93. 1. 10. Ed. Syll.

(P) It is somewhat surprising that the politest and most elegant of the Attic Writers, and Plato above all

the

Ch. II.

AND SO much for CONJUNCTIONS, their Genus, and their Species.

CHAP.

the rest, should have their works filled with Particles of all kinds, and with Conjunctions in particular; while in the modern polite works, as well of ourselves as of our neighbours, scarce such a word as a Particle, or Conjunction is to be found. Is it, that where there is Connection in the Meaning, there must be Words had to connect; but that where the Connection is little or none, such connectives are of little use? That Houses of Cards, without cement, may well answer their end, but not those Houses, where one would chuse to dwell? Is this the Cause? or have we attained an elegance, to the Antients unknown?

Venimus ad summam fortunæ, &c.

CHAP. III.

Concerning those Connectives, called
Prepositions.

PREPOSITIO

REPOSITIONS by their name express Ch. III. their Place, but not their Character.

Their Definition will distinguish them from the former Connectives.

1

A PRE

POSITION is a Part of Speech, devoid itself of Signification, but so formed as to unite two Words that are significant, and that refuse to co-alesce or unite of themselves (a). This connective Power, (which S3 relates

(a) The Stoic Name for a Preposition was ПgodeTIXOS Lideoμos, Præpositiva Conjunctio, a Prepositive Conjunclion. Ως μὲν ἦν καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἄλλας παραθέσεις οι προθέσεις συνδεσμικής συντάξεως γίνονται παρεμφατικάι, λέλεκται ἡμῖν· ἐξ ὧν καὶ ἀφορμὴ ἴυρηται παρὰ τοῖς Στωικοῖς τὸ καλεῖσθαι ἀλλὰς Προθετικές Συνδέσμως. Now in what manner even in other applications (besides the present) Prepositions give proof of their Conjunctive Syntax, we have mentioned already; whence

Ch. II. MAR, WHOSE ORIGINAL ARCHE

"TYPES UNITE OF THEMSELVES IN "NATURE." To which we may add, as following from what has been said, that the great Objects of Natural Union are SUBSTANCE and ATTRIBUTE. Now tho' Substances naturally co-incide with their Attributes, yet they absolutely refuse doing so, one with another (). And hence those known Maxims in Physics, that Body is impenetrable; that two Bodies cannot possess the same place; that the same Attribute cannot belong to different Substances, &c.

FROM these principles it follows, that when we form a Sentence, the Substantive without difficulty co-incides with the Verb, from the natural Co-incidence of Substance and Energy-THE SUN So likewise the Energy

WARMETH.

with

Causa, propter quam duo Substantiva non ponuntur sine copula, e Philosophia petenda est: neque enim duo substantialiter unum esse potest, sicut Substantia et Accidens; itaque non dicas, CÆSAR, CATO PUGNAT. Scal. de Cans. Ling. Lat. c. 177.