v. Board of Election Commrs., 129 Cal. 337, 61 Pac. 1115. Per Henshaw, J., Van Dyke, J., and McFarland, J.) The provision of the County Government Act that no supplies, etc., shall be purchased for the county from any person who has not had a business in the county for a year prior to the purchase is in violation of this section. (Van Harlingen v. Doyle, 134 Cal. 53, 66 Pac. 44.) The act regulating the practice of medicine and surgery does not violate this section. (Ex parte Gerino, 143 Cal. 412.) An act applying uniformly to all cities of a particular class is not in violation of this section. (Ex parte Jackson, 143 Cal. 564.) The provision of section 1197 of the Political Code, forbidding the name of a nominee to be placed upon the ballot more than once, is in violation of this section. (Murphy v. Curry, 137 Cal. 479.) A law regulating the rate of internat AM a meeting of stockholders to increase capital stock, is (Navajo Mining Co. v. Curry, 147 Cal. 581, 82 Pac. 247.) mandatory. Sec. 23. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people. IMPLIED RIGHTS.-The Primary Election Law of 1899, which allows members of one political party to vote for delegates to the party convention of another party, is void. (Britton v. Board of Election Commrs., 129 Cal. 337, 61 Pac. 1115.) Sec. 24. No property qualification shall ever be required for any person to vote or hold office. PROPERTY QUALIFICATION.—This section does not apply to a voter in a reclamation district. (People v. Reclamation Dist. No. 551, 117 Cal. 114, 48 Pac. 1016.) ARTICLE II. RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE. § 1. Who are and who are not electors. Privileges of electors. § 2. § 22. Primary elections. § 3. § 4. Militia duty, privilege of electors. Residence of voters, gained or lost. § 5. Election by ballot. § 6. Voting machines. Section 1. Every native male citizen of the United States, every male person who shall have acquired the rights of citizenship under or by virtue of the treaty of Queretaro, and every male naturalized citizen thereof, who shall have become such ninety days prior to any election, of the age of twenty-one years, who shall have been resident of the state one year next preceding the election, and of the county in which he claims his vote ninety days, and in the election precinct thirty days, shall be entitled to vote at all elections which are now or may hereafter be authorized by law; provided, no native of China, no idiot, no insane person, no person convicted of any infamous crime, no person hereafter convicted of the embezzlement or misappropriation of public money, and no person who shall not be able to read the con stitution in the English language and write his name, shall ever exercise the privileges of an elector in this state; provided, that the provisions of this amendment relative to an educational qualification shall not apply to any person prevented by a physical disability from complying with its requisitions, nor to any person who has the right to vote, nor to any person who shall be sixty years of age and upwards at the time this amendment shall take effect. (Amendment adopted November 1894.) [ORIGINAL SECTION.] 6, Section 1. Every native male citizen of the United States, every male person who shall have acquired the rights of citizenship under or by virtue of the treaty of Queretaro, and every male naturalized citizen thereof, who shall have become such ninety days prior to any election, of the age of twenty-one years, who shall have been a resident of the state one year next preceding the election, and of the county in which he claims his vote ninety days, and in the election precinct thirty days, shall be entitled to vote at all elections which are now or may hereafter be authorized by law; provided, no native of China, no idiot, insane person, or person convicted of any infamous crime, and no person hereafter convicted of the embezzlement or misappropriation of public money, shall ever exercise the privileges of an elector in this state. RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE.-When Congress admitted California as a state, the constituent members of the state, in their aggregate capacity, became ac " and vested with the sovereign powers of government It was no violation of the ninth article of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that the qualifications of electors, as prescribed in the constitution of California, were such as to exclude some of the inhabitants from certain political rights. (People v. De la Guerra, 40 Cal. 311.) The elective franchise is not one of the privileges of citizens secured by the fourteenth amendment, nor is the power of the state to determine the class of inhabitants who may vote within her limits curtailed by that amendment; and the only limitation contained in the fifteenth amendment is that the state cannot discriminate on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude; but the power of exclusion upon all other grounds, including that of sex, remains intact. (Van Valkenburg v. Brown, 43 Cal. 43.) The legislature cannot add any essential to the constitutional definition of an elector. (Bergevin v. Curtz, 127 Cal. 86, 59 Pac. 312.) A person may be an elector although not a registered voter. (Bergevin v. Curtz, 127 Čal. 86, 59 Pac. 312.) Registration is not a qualification of an elector, and cannot add to the qualifications fixed by the constitution; but it is to be regarded as a reasonable regulation by the legislature for the purpose of ascertaining who are qualified electors in order to prevent illegal voting. (Bergevin v. Curtz, 127 Cal. 86, 59 Pac. 312.) A primary election is an election "authorized by law, " within the meaning of this section, and the provisions thereof, defining the qualifications of electors, are controlling in determining the right to vote at such elections, and such right can neither be enlarged nor curtailed by the legislature. (Spier v. Baker, 120 Cal. 370, 52 Pac. 659.) A provision of the Primary Election Law that all native-born citizens, who since the last general elec |