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morning. It was then owned by Mr. Henry D. Cooke-a brother of the famous financier, J. Cooke, Esq.-and Mr. Henry Miller. The paper, being the only morning daily in Central Ohio, rapidly rose in influence and circulation. Various other changes in ownership occurred, but the paper went steadily forward. To-day the Ohio State Journal, one of the largest and most influential morning dailies in Central Ohio, lives to perpetuate the efforts of those pioneers of 1814.

The next year after Colonel Kilbourne started the Western Intelligencer, the Freeman's Chronicle appeared in Franklinton, under the care of James B. Gardner. It lived but two years, when the office material was purchased by John Kilbourne, who brought them to Columbus, and, in 1816, began the publication of the Columbia Gazette. But two numbers appeared. He next published the 'Ohio Gazetteer,' a small but comprehensive work on the infant State. It was much sought after by persons desiring information on Ohio, and enjoyed the remarkable sale of ten large editions. In 1816 the Ohio Monitor appeared under control of David Smith and Ezra Griswold, Jr. It was published as such twenty years, when it was merged into the Hemisphere, started in 1832. Two years after the name of this paper was changed to the Ohio Statesman, published as a weekly until 1847, when it appeared as a daily. It continued many years to exert considerable influence. From 1853 to 1855 Hon. S. S. Cox was its editor and proprietor. It was issued as a morning daily till April 1, 1872, when it became an evening paper, and in July an announcement appeared signed "Statesman Company, by J. F. Linton, manager," stating that the daily Ohio Statesman had been merged into the Daily Dispatch. The weekly continued. The Daily Statesman was revived in 1876, and, some three years after, its title was changed to the Daily Times, which is still issued-now a morning paper. The limits of this paper do not admit of an exhaustive resume of this subject. It would be exceedingly interesting, in more ways than one, to many people, were journalism in the capitol city of Ohio fully written. Suffice it to say, Columbus has enjoyed her full share of journalistic vicissitudes, and now supports its full quota of newspapers.

People must be fed as well as educated. One is an absolute necessity; the other can be omitted. One of the first houses built in town was a market house, erected in the middle of High street, just south of Rich The growth of the town soon demanded that a larger and better one be erected, and, after considerable strife for the "prize" by residents

street.

of different localities-even Broad street contending for it and offering as a strong reason the broadness of the street-the structure was located on State street, just west of High. It was built by John Shields, the lower part open and built of brick, the upper of frame, closed, and containing two rooms. In one of these a printing office was operated; the other was used at first for a public hall and place of worship on the Sabbath, from which it degenerated to a gaming resort, and in which was placed the first billiard table seen in Columbus. This market house stood till 1830, when it was replaced by a longer and wider one story building, which answered all public market purposes until the erection of the present Fourth street market house.

In 1815 lawyers began to come to Columbus, and soon the "shingles of David Smith, Orris Parrish, Gustavus Swan and David Scott appeared at the doors of their offices. Soon after John R. Parrish, T. C. Flournoy, William Doherty, James K. Cory and others followed, and from that day to this the town has not lacked for the followers of Blackstone.

The growth of Columbus in three years was such that its citizens concluded it was time to incorporate. A census taken in 1815 gave seven hundred inhabitants, and February 10, 1816, the "Borough of Columbus" was incorporated. On the first Monday of May following a board of councilmen was elected, and Jarvis Pike was chosen mayor and president of the council. February 23 of this year the legislature chartered the Franklin bank, which opened for business the next autumn, and which continued till the expiration of its charter in 1843. Lucas Sullivant was its first president and one of its largest shareholders.

The same legislature that incorporated the borough ordered the removal of the State offices from Chillicothe to Columbus, and the session of 1816-17 was held in the new State house, built by the four proprietors of the town. Reference has already been made to the agreement of these

men.

The excavation for the foundation of the State house was begun in 1813, and the building finished the next year. It was built in the southwest corner of the public square, having entrances on State and High street. It stood about twenty feet from the sidewalks, was built of stone and brick, two stories high, with a square roof ascending to a central balcony, from which rose a spire, whose top was one hundred and six feet above the ground. In this spire was a good bell, whose resonant ringing in the winter called the general assembly to business. About two sides of

the balcony was a railed walk, from which was seen an extensive view of the capital and its surroundings. The building contained the halls of the senate and house, and their necessary committee rooms. It was heated by great wood fires in large fire-places, whose ornamental brass andirons reflected their cheerfulness and warmth. The old State house was used until Sabbath morning, February 1, 1852, when it was leveled to the

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ground by fire. Just west of it was erected a two story brick building, twenty-five by one hundred and fifty feet in size, fronting on High street, which contained the State offices. It is well shown in the accompanying cut, which also shows the State house and the United States court house, erected in 1820. These two buildings, as well as one erected in 1828-29, for the use of the county officers, stood till 1857, when all buildings on

the public square were moved, preparatory to its grading and ornamentation.

The penitentiary site of ten acres was selected in the southwest part of town. On this donation the prison buildings were begun in 1813, and completed in two years. The penitentiary was sixty by thirty feet in size, three stories high, built of brick, fronting on Scioto lane. The basement contained kitchen, dining-room and cellar, and could be entered only from the yard. The next, or first story, was the keeper's residence, entered by high steps from the yard. The third story contained four dark and nine light cells for prisoners, and was entered only from the yard. The entire building was enclosed by a stone wall about eighteen feet high, which also enclosed a yard about one hundred feet square. This penitentiary continued in use till 1818, when a new building was erected and the yard enlarged to one hundred and sixty feet north and south, and nearly four hundred east and west. This extended the yard to the foot of the hill, near where the canal was afterwards built. Three terraces were made here, owing to the rapid descent of the hill. The outer walls enclosing the yard were twenty feet high, three feet thick and surmounted with a plank floor, and hand rail on the inner edge. Two inner walls were built at the lower part of the terraces, each in height the same as the terrace above it. This gave three yards as it were. The cooper and blacksmith shops were in the middle yard, the workshops in the upper yard, along its south side. The prison building was of brick, one hundred and fifty feet long, and thirtyfour feet wide. It was two stories high, with the east end to the street. The first floor contained the dining rooms and kitchen, and fifty-four cells, underneath which were five solitary, dark cells, entered only by a trapdoor in the hall. The second story was devoted to hospital uses, and such other purposes as were required. The cells in the old building were removed, and it was made the keeper's residence. James Kooken, of Franklinton, was appointed to that office in 1815. He choose Colonel Griffith Thomas clerk. Mr. Kooken was reappointed in January, 1819, and Colonel Thomas made agent, a new office created that year by the legislature.

In the early part of Mr. Kooken's administration but little employment was furnished the prisoners. They were allowed to play ball in the yard, near the west end of the north wing of the building. They had a trained companion, trusted by them and the keepers, who, when the ball fell over the wall, ran to the main door of the front building and, by loud barking,

would summon the guard, who would allow him to go outside the walls, find the ball, and return with it to his play-fellows imprisoned in the yard. Mr. David Taylor, now a resident of Broad street, remembers well, when a boy, going to this old prison to see the convicts. Afterwards he had a wagon made by the prisoners, whom men employed in various trades. Mrs. Taylor remembers wearing shoes her parents had made here. Discipline was not so strict as now; visitors often talked to the prisoners when visiting them or going there for work to be done. This penitentiary remained in use till too small for the growing criminal population, and in 1832 a large and safe structure was begun on the site of the present penitentiary. Two years afterwards it was completed, and the convicts removed thither. For some time the State used the main penitentiary building for barracks and arsenal purposes.

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THE OLD PENITENTIARY AS IT APPEARED IN 1846.

The accompanying cut is from a sketch made in 1846, by Mr. C. E. Thrall, now editor of The Home Gazette, the central Ohio organ of the Prohibitionists. At the time he made the sketch he was a school boy, and also made a number of others, now the only pictures of Columbus in existence of that date. He hardly realized the value of these souvenirs as he beguiled his leisure hours in their preparation.

After various uses, the old buildings and wall were demolished, and now not a vestige remains. Considerable litigation regarding the site resulted, owing to the removal of the penitentiary from its original dona

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