UNDE SUSPECTI CRIMEN DESCENDAT. SCIENDUM est, suspecti crimen ex lege duodecim tabularum descendere. The accusation of a suspected tutor, or curator, is derived from the law of the twelve tables. QUI DE HOC CRIMINE COGNOSCUNT. § I. Datum autem est jus removendi tutores suspectos Romæ prætori, et in provinciis præsidibus earum, et legato proconsulis. 1. At Rome the power of removing suspected tutors belongs to the prætor; in the provinces to the governors, or to the legate of a proconsul. QUI SUSPECTI FIERI POSSUNT. § II. Ostendimus, qui possunt de suspecto cognoscere; nunc videamus, qui suspecti fieri possint et possunt quidem omnes tutores fieri suspecti, sive sint testamentarii, sive non sint, sed alterius generis tutores. Quare etsi legitimus fuerit tutor, accusari poterit. Quid si patronus? Adhuc idem erit dicendum: dummodo meminerimus, famæ patroni parcendum esse, licet ut suspectus remotus fuerit. 2. We have shown what magistrates may take cognizance of suspected persons: let us now inquire, what persons may become suspected. And all tutors may become so, whether testamentary, or other. For even a legal tutor may be accused; so may a patron: but we must remember, that, as such, his reputation must be spared, although he be removed from his trust, as a suspected person. QUI POSSUNT SUSPECTOS POSTULARE. III. Consequens est, ut videamus, qui possint suspectos postulare. Et sciendum est, quasi publicam esse hanc accusationem; hoc est, omnibus patere. Quinimo mulieres admittuntur ex rescripto divorum Severi et Antonini; sed hæ solæ, quæ, pietatis necessitudine ductæ, ad hoc procedunt: ut puta mater, nutrix quoque et avia potest et soror. Sed et, si qua alia mulier fuerit, quam prætor propensa pietate intellexerit, sexus verecundiam non egredientem, sed pietate, productam, non sustinere injuriam pupillorum, admittet eam ad accusationem. 3. Let us then inquire, by whom suspected persons may be accused. Now an accusation of this sort is of a public nature, and open to all. For, by a rescript of the emperors Severus and Antoninus, even women are admitted to be accusers; yet such only, as are induced by their duty, or by their relation to the minor; thus a mother, a nurse, or a grand-mother, or a sister, may become accusers. But the prætor can at discretion admit any woman, who acting with becoming modesty, but impatient of wrongs offered to pupils, appears to have no other motive, than to relieve the injured. AN PUBES VEL IMPUBES. IV. Impuberes non possunt tutores suos suspectos postulare: puberes autem curatores suos ex consilio necessariorum suspectos possunt arguere: et ita Divi Severus et Antoninus rescripserunt. § 4. No pupil can bring an accusation of suspicion against his tutor; but adults, by the rescript of Severus and Antoninus, are permitted, when they act by advice of persons related to them, to accuse their curators. (Prochein ami.) QUIBUS MODIS COGNITIO FINITUR. § VIII. Sed, si suspecti cognitio suscepta fuerit, posteaque tutor vel curator decesserit, extinguitur suspecti cognitio. § 8. If a suspected tutor or curator should die, pending the accusation, the cognizance of it is extinguished. SI TUTOR COPIAM SUI NON FACIAT. IX. Si quis tutor copiam sui non faciat, ut alimenta pupillo decernantur, cavetur epistola divorum Severi et Antonini, ut in possessionem bonorum ejus pupillus mittatur; et, quæ mora deteriora futura sunt, dato curatore, distrahi jubentur: ergo, ut suspectus, removeri poterit, qui non præstat alimenta. § 9. If a tutor fails to appear, to avoid a decree of maintenance for his pupil, it is provided by the constitution of Severus and Antoninus, that the pupil shall be put into the possession of his tutor's effects; and that, a curator being appointed, those things, which are perishable, may be sold: and a tutor, not affording maintenance to his pupil, may be removed, as suspected. SI NEGET ALIMENTA DECERNI POSSE, VEL TUTELAM § X. Sed, si quis præsens negat propter inopiam alimenta posse decerni, si hoc per mendacium dicat, remittendum eum esse ad præfectum urbi puniendum placuit, sicut ille remittitur, qui data pecunia, ministerium tutelæ ac quisierit, vel redemerit. § 10. But if the tutor appearing, falsely avers, that the effects of his pupil are insufficient for an allowance, he shall be remitted to the præfect of the city, and punished in the same manner, as one who hath acquired a tutelage by bribery. DE LIBERTO FRAUDULENTER ADMINISTRANTE. § XI. Libertus quoque, si fraudulenter tutelam filiorum vel nepotum patroni gessisse probetur, ad præfectum urbi remittitur puniendus. § 11. Also a freed-man, who is proved to have fraudulently administered the tutelage of the son, or grand-son of his patron, must be remitted to the præfect to be punished. SI SUSPECTUS SATIS OFFERAT; ET QUIS DICATUR SUSPECTUS. XII. Novissime autem sciendum est, eos, qui fraudulenter tutelam administrant, etiamsi satis offerant, removendos esse a tutela; quia satisdatio tutoris propositum malevolum non mutat, sed diutius grassandi in re familiari facultatem præstat. Suspectum etiam eum putamus, qui moribus talis est, ut suspectus sit. Enimvero tutor vel curator, quamvis pauper sit, fidelis tamen et diligens, removendus non est, quasi suspectus. 9 12. Lastly, they who unfaithfully administer their trust, must be removed from it, although they tender sufficient security. For giving security alters not the malevolent purpose of the tutor, but procures him a longer opportunity of defrauding the estate. We also deem every man suspected, whose immoralities give cause for it: but a tutor or curator who is faithful and diligent, cannot be removed, as a suspected person, merely on account of poverty. |