The depression was gone. True friendship never dies. Justice and truth and love are eternal. Right will triumph. "I must have that," he said, and addressed a note to the young lady whose voice had thrilled him with its sweetness and pathos, requesting a copy of the words, (') So again angels ministered to him.

The speeches made by Lincoln and Douglas were published in a volume, which people in other sections of the country were reading. It seems probable that though Mr. Lincoln had served a term in 1859. Congress, fen ontside of Illinois knew that such a man existed till they read his speeches. Douglas was known throughout the repub lic. But who was Abraham Lincoln? Where had he been, and what had he been doing through preceding years? People were astonished. No statesman in Congress had grappled with the great questions of the day with such transcendent power. They were amazed that one of whom they had never heard should so suddenly appear to confront with unanswerable arguments one of the ablest and most aggressive debaters in the country.

Mr. Douglas had won a re election to the Senate, but he was conscious that he had lost ground politically in the Southern States, and so determined to visit that section of the country. He made a speech at Memphis. "The question of slavery," he said, "is one of climate. Wherever it is for the interest of the inhabitants of a territory to encourage slave property, they will pass a slave code. On the sugar plantations of Louisiana it is not a question between the white man and the negro, but between the negro and the crocodile. The Almighty has drawn a line on the continent, on the one side of which the soil must be cultivated by slave labor, on the other by free labor.... We must have more territory. Men may say we shall never want anything more of Mexico, but the time will come when we shall be compelled to take more.... So of the Island of Cuba. It is a matter of no consequence whether we want it or not; we are compelled to take it, and we can't help it."

Jan,

He went to New Orleans, and made a like speech in that city. When he reached Washington he found the slave holders had 1359. deposed him from the chairmanship of the Committee on Tor. ritories. It was intended humiliation.

We have seen John Brown in Kansas fighting to make it a Free State. He was born in Connecticut, but when he was only five years old his father moved to Ohio. He hated oppression and injustice, and was ever ready to help poor. He wanted to be minister, but be came a tanner instead, and was so conscientions that he would never

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sell his leather until it was perfectly dry. He became a wool merchant, but lost what little money he had earned. He selected land in northern New York, cut down the trees, built a cabin; but when emigrants were called for to make Kansas a Free State, he started for that Territory with several of his sons. He did not believe slavery would ever be abolished by telling the slave-holders it was a sin. He thought the only way to get rid of it was by making slave property insecure. Of the heroic deeds mentioned in the Bible, he was deeply impressed by what Gideon accomplished. He came to believe that he, also, was to be an instrument in the hands of the Almighty to give freedom to the slaves. He laid a plan to seize with a handful of men the United States Arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He thought the slaves everywhere would flock to him. There was no sanity in his plan. His few friends in whom he confided tried to dissuade him from such an attempt, but he

felt that he was called of God to execute it. He rented a farm on a mountain in Maryland, near Harper's Ferry, obtained guns which had been used by the Free State men in Kansas, and employed a blacksmith to make pikes.

With seventeen white men and five negroes he marched in the night to Harper's Ferry, seized the arsenal, captured Colonel Lewis Washington, and liberated his slaves. He stopped a railroad train, but

Oct. 16, after a little while allowed it to go on.

1859.

tally wounded one of Brown's sons.

Two of the citizens morBrown's soldiers returned

the fire and killed one citizen. The telegraph flashed the news far and wide. In Charleston the church-bells were ringing, drums beating, and 400 men hastening with shot-guns and rifles towards Harper's Ferry. The story of John Brown in the engine-house; its defence; the arrival of Robert E. Lee with United States marines from Washington and two cannon; the capture of John Brown; his mockery of a trial and execution, is a part of the history of the country.

Wendell Phillips, orator, from Boston, looking down into the open coffin and the face of John Brown, calm and peaceful in death, at his funeral in North Elbe, N. Y., said, "He has abolished slavery." James Russell Lowell, poet, wrote of him:

"Truth forever on the scaffold,

Wrong forever on the throne;
Yet that scaffold sways the future,
And, behind the dim unknown,
Standeth God within the shadow,
Keeping watch above his own."

The curiosity of the people of New York and Boston in regard to the hitherto unknown man who had proved himself a match for Douglas was so great that he received an invitation to give a lecture in those cities.

The great hall of the Cooper Institute in New York was filled. William Cullen Bryant, poet and editor, presided. "Since the day of Clay and Webster no man has spoken to a larger assemblage of the intellect and mental culture of our city," wrote Horace Greeley, the editor of the "Tribune," when the lecture was over. "Mr. Lincoln is one of Nature's orators, using his rare powers solely to elucidate and convince, though the irresistible effect is to delight and electrify as well. . . . The hall frequently rang with cheers and shouts of applause, which were prolonged and intensified at the close. No man

ever before made such an impression on his first appeal to a New York audience." (")

One of Mr. Lincoln's personal friends, Elihu B. Washburne, (') member of Congress from Galena, Ill., was in New York, and on Sunday they made their way together to the Five Points Mission Sunday-school,

which had been established in the most degraded section of the city. Many of the children were in rags. Rev. Mr. Pease, the superintendent, kindly welcomed them, and in response to his invitation Mr. Lincoln addressed the children.

Mr. Lincoln repeated his address at New Haven, Conn. A professor of rhetoric in Yale College listened in astonishment. Never before had he heard such plain, direct, clear, and comprehensive language words so simple that a child could understand what he was saying. Mr. Lincoln was to speak at Meriden, and the professor hastened to that town to hear him once more. He returned to the college and gave a lecture to his class upon the marvellous rhetoric of this man from the West who never had had the advantages of an education.

WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT.

From Meriden Mr. Lincoln went to Hartford and Norwich. The largest hall in Norwich was filled with people who desired to hear him.

"It gives me pleasure," the words of Mayor A. W. Prentice, who presided, "to introduce a gentleman with whom you are already acquainted, and whom you hope to see presiding in the Senate over Stephen Arnold Douglas as Vice-president of the United States." The mayor was anticipating that William H. Seward would be the Republican candidate for President, and Mr. Lincoln for Vice-president.

Rev. John Putnam Gulliver, one of the ministers of Norwich, listened in amazement to what Mr. Lincoln had to say. He had heard many eloquent men, but none that used such plain words with so much. power. Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Gulliver, and the mayor met at the railroad station in the morning; the mayor introduced the minister.