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MISSIONARY RIDGE.

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around Chattanooga. The next morning Hooker moved down the eastern slope of the mountain and drove the Confederates from the Chattanooga Valley. Bragg then stationed his whole army along the crest of Missionary Ridge.

Early the same morning (25th) Sherman pushed forward on the north end of Missionary Ridge. Fighting continued steadily all day with various success. The Union troops fought with the greatest bravery, but they did not gain a great deal, for Bragg sent the best of his troops to oppose them. Still they did not lose any ground. At last Grant, seeing that Bragg had greatly weakened his centre to fight Sherman, ordered Thomas to advance across the valley and drive the enemy out of the riflepits along the foot of Missionary Ridge. Under the lead of Sheridan, Wood, and Baird, the men charged in a line. The Confederates in the rifle-pits did not wait for their coming, but swarmed out and scampered up the hills. The Union men could not be held back, but pushed on steadily through a storm of canister from the batteries above and of bullets from rifle-pits in their front. Up the steep side of the ridge, which is about three fourths of a mile high at this place, the men advanced with as much coolness as if on drill. But when within a hundred yards of the Confederates they rushed forward with a whoop and a yell, and leaping over embankments, ditches, everything in their way, sprang into the enemy's works with the cry of "Chickamauga!" The Confederates gave way before them, and into the gap thus made the Union men poured as they came up the hill. Many prisoners and many pieces of artillery were taken. The captured guns were at once turned on the flying enemy, who scattered in all directions. General Bragg rode among them, try

PULPIT ROCK.

ing to stay the rout. In vain he waved his sword and cried to them, "Here is your commander!" The men, who had no confidence in him, answered with one of the slang expressions used in the army, "Here's your mule!" and Bragg had to turn his horse and ride down the ridge among his fleeing troops. Sherman also drove the enemy in his front, and by evening the whole Confederate army, forced from all its strong positions, was in full retreat.

Bragg fell back to Dalton, Georgia, where he established a fortified camp. He was much blamed by the Southern people for his bad management

of the campaign, and his command was soon after given to General J. E. Johnston. But President Davis, who was a strong friend of Bragg's, called him to Richmond and made him general under him of all the Confederate armies.

The Confederate losses in the battle of Chattanooga were about ten thousand men, of whom six thousand were prisThe Union loss was nearly six

Longstreet, who had gone against Burnside, had been delayed in his march from Chattanooga and did not assault Knoxville until November 17th. His attack failed, and, although it was necessary that he should return to Bragg as soon as possible, he made up his mind to besiege the place, hoping to starve out Burnside; but when news came of Bragg's disaster, knowing that Grant would send aid to Burnside, he felt that he had no time to lose, and determined to make another assault. On a hill commanding the road into the town was an earthwork called Fort Sanders. Its walls were about twenty feet high, with a ditch ten feet deep. In its front the trees had been cut so as to fall with their branches

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STARVING ON ROAST TURKEY.

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outward, and wires had been stretched along from stump to stump to trip up an enemy advancing against it. On the 29th of November, Longstreet made an assault on this fort. The men struggled through the abatis under a deadly fire from cannon and small-arms, and some crossed the ditch and tried to climb up the parapet; but they were hurled back by the besieged, and hand-grenades* were thrown into the ditch which burst among the struggling mass, killing and wounding a great many. A second assault was tried, but in vain; the Confederates, though they fought with great bravery, could not carry the work, and the attempt was given up after more than five hundred of them had fallen.

HAND-GRENADE.

The pursuit of Bragg after Chattanooga was scarcely ended when Grant started Sherman toward Knoxville. Burnside had sent word that he was closely besieged by Longstreet, that his provisions were short, and that unless he were relieved by December 3, he might have to surrender. Sherman's troops were nearly worn out by long marches and hard work, but he pushed on as rapidly as the bad roads would permit, and by December 5 his infantry were within fifteen miles of Knoxville. There he heard that Longstreet had given up the siege and retreated toward Virginia. Halting his army to rest, Sherman rode with his staff into Knoxville the next day. Within the lines he noticed a large pen full of live cattle, which, he says, "did not look much like starvation." On going to dine with General Burnside, he was surprised to find a dinner served in good style, with roast turkey among the meats. "Why," he exclaimed, "I thought you were starv

*Hand-grenades are commonly small shells loaded with powder and fitted with a fuse or slow-match, which is lighted just before they are thrown at an enemy. The picture shows another kind, fitted with a percussion-cap which explodes when the lower end strikes any hard object. The upper end has a shaft fitted with feathers, paper, or parchment to guide it when thrown. This kind is often used in naval battles.

ing." Burnside explained that Longstreet had not entirely surrounded him, and that he had all the time been able to keep open communications with the country. "If I had known that," said Sherman, "I should not have hurried my men so fast.

Leaving part of his troops with Burnside, Sherman returned with the remainder to Chattanooga. Cold weather soon set in, and military operations came to an end for the season. Earthworks were thrown up and block-houses built at the different places to be held, and the tired soldiers went into winter quarters. Some of the block-houses built by them were very picturesque. They were constructed of heavy logs, with walls three or four feet thick, and had a lower story for cannon and an upper story with holes for musket firing. Underneath was a bomb-proof magazine for the ammunition.

LOSS OF THE MONITOR.-THE MONTAUK AND THE NASHVILLE.-FORT MCALLISTER. THE CONFEDERATES ATTACK THE FLEET OFF CHARLESTON.-THE MONITORS ATTACK CHARLESTON. -THE NEW IRONSIDES.-CABLES AND TORPEDOES.-A TERRIBLE BOMBARDMENT.-LOSS OF THE KEOKUK.-CAPTURE OF THE ATLANTA.-NEW CONFEDERATE FLAG.-I DON'T CARE ABOUT YOUR TORPEDOES.-GILLMORE AT CHARLESTON.-FORT WAGNER.-MEN EIGHTEEN FEET HIGH WANTED. THE SWAMP ANGEL.-SUMTER IN RUINS.-TAKING OF MORRIS ISLAND. -ASSAULT ON SUMTER.-LOSS OF THE WEEHAWKEN.-NEW BERNE ATTACKED.-LITTLE WASHINGTON.-RAIDS AND CONTRABANDS.-I'SE JUST SAM.

HE success of the Monitor had induced the government

The flesh of armored vessels of the same kind, and by the

beginning of 1863 a number of them were on duty along the coast. The first Monitor had been lost at sea, but a few months after her famous fight, while on her way to Port Royal, where she had been ordered with two other monitors, the Passaic and Montauk. The three were being towed down the coast by steamers, and when off Cape Hatteras met a severe gale. The sea broke over the decks and pilot-houses of the iron-clads, and dashed in heavy masses against the bases of their turrets. This loosened the packing around the Monitor's turret, and she began to leak so badly that the crew had to work the pumps and to bale with buckets. At night the gale increased. A great wave would lift the vessel, and when she came down the flat under part of her deck would strike the water so heavily as to cause other leaks. Though the pumps were worked all the time, the water gained and put out the fires. Signals of distress were then made to the Rhode Island, which was towing her, and boats were sent. Part of the crew jumped in and were taken aboard the steamer. The rest crowded into the turret, for the water had driven them from below. The boats returned and most of the remaining crew got into them and were saved, but several were swept off by the waves and some others were so frightened that they would not leave the turret. At midnight her light was still seen from the Rhode Island, but a few minutes after it disappeared: the Monitor had gone to the bottom of the sea, only eleven months after she was launched. The