THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS IN MIDSUMMER, 1775. June 17-July, 1775.
Censure on Howe's attack on Bunker Hill, 25-Sufferings of the British,
25—Great loss of officers, 26-Death of Abercrombie, 26-Election of Ameri-
can major generals, 26-Artemas Ward, 26-Charles Lee, 26-Opinion of
him in England, 26-His character, 27-His demand of indemnity, 28-New
York proposes Schuyler, 28-Montgomery's opinion, 29-Schuyler's charac-
ter, 29—Choice of Israel Putnam, 20-His previous career, 29-His charac-
ter, 29—Horatio Gates Adjutant General, 30—His rank, 30—His character, 30
-Incompetency of the general officers, 30-Thomas Jefferson enters Congress,
30-Election of brigadiers, 30-Seth Pomeroy chosen, 30-His character, 30-
He declines, 30-Richard Montgomery chosen, 30-His character, 31-
Choice of David Wooster, 31-Of William Heath, 31-Of Joseph Spencer, 31
-Of John Thomas, 31—Of John Sullivan, 31-Of Nathaniel Greene, 31—
Washington's farewell to Congress, 31-His departure from Philadelphia, 31
-His reception at New York, 32-Reception of Governor Tryon, 33—Ad-
dress of New York Congress to Washington, 33—His answer, 34—New York
plan of accommodation, 34-Congress expects but one campaign, 34—Its finan-
cial system, 35—Increase of the army, 35-Congress authorizes the invasion
of Canada, 35—Causes of taking up arms, 36-Measures advised by John
Adams, 37—Franklin's message to Strahan, 37-Second petition of congress to
the King, 37——Union announced, 38—Congress addresses the people of Great
Britain, 38—Address to London, 39—Appointment of Richard Penn as agent
for congress, 39-The alternative proposed, 39.
THE ARMY ROUND BOSTON. July, 1775.
Washington, Mifflin, Reed, Lee, Gates, at Cambridge, 40-Popularity
of Washington, 41-Trumbull's Message, 41-State of the army, 41–Wash-
ington visits the American posts, 41-Their condition, 42-Sufferings of the
inhabitants of Boston, 42-Number of the British army, 42-—The American
lines, 43-Stockbridge Indians, 43-Numbers of the American army, 44—
Their appearance, 44-The camp, 44-Its deficiencies, 44-Washington intro-
duces reforms, 45—Lee tries to negotiate, 46—Burgoyne's letter to Lee, 46—
Lee's clandestine letter to Burgoyne, 46-Various skirmishes and expeditions,
47–Declaration for taking up arms read to the colony, 47-Town meetings in
Massachusetts, 47-Election of house of representatives, 48-Boston town
meeting held at Concord, 48-Attack on Boston lighthouse, 48-Organization
of government in Massaschusetts, 48-Alarm of General Gage, 48-He wishes
to transfer the army to New York, 49-Skirmish at the lighthouse, 49—
Washington misjudges the New England people, 49-Their benevolence and
zeal, 49-Their exertions, 50.
CONGRESS STILL HOPES TO AVERT WAR. July, 29—August, 1775.
Inefficiency of the continental congress as an executive body, 51-Wash-
ington's reports, 51-His wants, 52-Reports from Schuyler, 52-The want of
discipline, 52-Measures adopted by Congress, 52-Congress gives authority
to employ troops, 52--and recommendations to provide them, 53-Franklin
proposes a confederacy, 53-Its conditions, 53-Its component members, 53—
Its perpetuity, 53-Two great principles of his plan, 54-The proposition
reserved, 54—Georgia joins the Union, 54-Lord North's proposal referred to a
committee, 54—Jamaica remembered, 54-America and Ireland, 54—Ameri-
cans complain to the Irish of Howe, 55-British attempts to gain the aid of the
savages, 55-Apathy of Congress, 55-Indignation of John Adams, 56-His
letters intercepted, 56-Jefferson's paper in reply to Lord North's proposal,
56-Reasons for rejecting his proposal, 56—Proposal for a truce, 57-Post
Office established, 57—Congressional system of finances, 57-How it was
proposed to redeem the paper money, 58-Contrast of the finances of Britain,
58-Congress refuses to open the American ports, 58-Congress adjourns, 59.
AMERICA AWAITS THE KING'S DECISION. August-September, 1775.
Duties of Washington, 60—His position, 60—His want of money, powder,
arms, 61-Divisions of the army, 61-Washington's measures to obtain a lit-
tle powder, 61-Spirit of the country, 62-The riflemen, 62-Character of
Morgan, 62-Zeal of his company, 63-Cresap and his company, 63-Pennsyl-
vania riflemen, 64-Alacrity of the new recruits, 64-Influence of the riflemen on
European tactics, 65-Linzee beaten off from Cape Ann, 65-Artifices of Gage,
66-His ill-treatment of American prisoners, 66-Washington remonstrates, 66
-Foolish insolence of Gage, 66-Washington and the people as the source of
power, 66-Retaliation threatened, 67-Stanhope breaks his parole, 67-State
of the British troops in Boston, 67-Timorousness of Gage, 67-Boston more
closely invested, 67-Washington rejects the plan of an expedition against
CONDITION OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES. July-October, 1775.
Moderation the wise policy for the central provinces, 71-System of Wil-
liam Franklin in New Jersey, 71-Provincial congress of New Jersey, 71-
Provides for defence, 72-Lord Stirling, 72-Pennsylvania, 72-Willing and
its first convention, 72-Reed and its second convention, 73-Mistakes of
policy, 73-The social influence of Philadelphia, 73-Influence of the pro-
prietary governor, 74-Dickinson misuses his power, 74-Insincerity of the
assembly, 74—It appoints a committee of safety, 75-Firmness of Delaware
75—Mackean, 75-Unanimity of Maryland, 75-Its conservative measures, 76
-It restores equality to the Catholic, 76-Charles Carroll, 76-Lukewarm-
ness of Dulany, 76-Character of Samuel Chase, 76-Spirit of the colony, 77,
-The proprietary, 77-Prudence of Eden, the lieutenant-governor, 77-Con-
vention at Annapolis, 78-Its spirit and measures, 78-It places Catholic and
Protestant on an equality, 78—Rashness of Dunmore in Virginia, 78—Mode-
ration of the assembly, 79-Arrogance of Dunmore, 79-Unanimity of the
assembly, 79-Regal authority abdicated, 79-Virginia convention at Rich-
mond, 80-Its measures, 80-Military rank of Patrick Henry, 80—Richard
Bland, 80—His retirement, 81-George Mason elected to congress, 81-He
declines, 81-Election of Francis Lee, 81-Choice of a committee of safety
81-Edmund Pendleton, 82-Virginia issues more paper money, 82—Taxa-
tion suspended, 82-Declaration of the convention, 82-Spirit of Jefferson, 82.
GEORGIA AND THE CAROLINAS. July-October, 1775.
Governor of Georgia for conciliation, 83-Provincial congress, 83-Its
measures, 83--Movements of the people, 84-State of South Carolina, 84-
Advice of its governor, 84-News of Bunker Hill battle reaches Charleston,
85-A session of the South Carolina legislature, 85-The patriots, 85—The
council, 85-The condition of the interior, 85-Herdsmen, Germans and others,
86--Despised by the planters, 86-Emissaries visit them, 86-Hostilities and
a truce, 87-Andrew Pickens, 87-Many of the inhabitants royalists, 87-
Danger from the savages, 87-Stuart, the Indian agent, 87-Gage and the
savages, 87-His order, 88-Stuart obeys the order, 89-What the deputy
agent thought of employing the Cherokees, 89-Measures for defence of
Charleston, 89-Proposal to arrest the governor, 89-Defeated by Rawlins
Lowndes, 89-Moultrie seizes Fort Johnson, 90—Pinckney's courage, 90—
Post taken at Haddrell's Point, 90-Troops on James Island, 91-Governor
Martin's opinion, 91-Confidence of Lord William Campbell, 91-Spirit of
North Carolina, 92-Robert Howe, 92-Martin retreats, 92-IIis boastful of
fers, 93—The Highlanders in North Carolina, 93-Allan and Flora Mac-
donald, 94-Concert of Macdonald with Martin, 94-Spirit of the people on
Albemarle Sound, 95-Ashe and Harnett burn Fort Johnson, 95—Return of
Caswell, 95-Congress of North Carolina, 96-Johnston its president, 96—
Martin's proclamation, 96-The Regulators and Highlanders, 96-The tempo-
rary popular government, 96—Character of Caswell, 97-Hooper proposes
Franklin's plan of a confederacy, 97—Johnston proposes delay, 97-The con-
vention addresses the inhabitants of the British empire, 98-Ashe, 98-Nash,
98-Cornelius Harnett, 98-Harnett chosen president of the provincial coun-
cil, 98
EFFECT OF BUNKER HILL BATTLE IN EUROPE. July 25-August, 1775.
Satisfaction of the king, 99-Uneasiness of Lord North, 99-Burke mis-
judges, 99—Effect of news of Bunker Hill battle, 100—Opinion of Vergennes, 100
-Animation of the king, 100—He will have twenty thousand men in America,
100-Barrington's hesitation, 100-Ministers supersede Gage, 100-Hano-
verian troops taken into British pay, 101-The senate of Hamburg befriend
the embarkation, 101-The British secretary provokes France, 102—Self-
possession of Vergennes, 102—He desires to send an emissary to America, 102—
Selection of De Bonvouloir, 103-The message of Vergennes to the Americans,
103—The emissary sails for America, 104-Vergennes amazed at the folly of
the British ministers, 104—American affairs a subject of attention in Russia,
104-The Empress Catharine the Second, 104--Her character, 104--Character
of her first minister, 105--Alexis Orloff, 106-Potemkin, 106-Indifference
of Frederic of Prussia, 106—Of the court of Moscow, 107-Gunning's abrupt
proposal, 107—Courteous answer of the empress, 107-Gunning deceives him-
self and misleads his government, 107-Want of decision in the American
congress, 108—Georgia joins the confederacy, 108--Vermont wishes to do so,
108-Kentucky and its representative, 108-Dickinson and John Adams, 109
—Jealousy of New England, 109-Gadsden defends New England, 109—Slow
movements of congress, 109-Negroes allowed to serve in the army, 110
-Washington complains of neglect, 110-Congress send a committee to the
camp, 110-Gage embarks for England, 111-Howe takes the command at Bos-
ton, 111-Committee from congress hold a conference at Cambridge, 112—
Friendship of Franklin and Washington, 112-Fate of Church, 112--Mowat
burns Falmouth, 113-Effect of this on Washington and others, 113-Origin
of the American navy, 114-Washington employs armed vessels, 114—The
new legislature of Pennsylvania take the oath of allegiance to the king, 114—
Remonstrance of the committee of Philadelphia, 114—Congress uncertain, 115
-New Hampshire asks leave to organize a government, 115-Answer de-
layed, 115.
THE QUESTION BETWEEN BRITAIN AND AMERICA. August, 1775.
Historic candor and love of truth, 116-History must not hide faults, 116
---Nor neglect the influence of principles, 117-Unity of the material universe,
117-And that of intelligence, 118—Experience confirms intuitive reason, 117
-Duty of the historian to be unbiassed, 118-Why candor is possible, 118––
Antagonism in society of unity and individuality, and their conciliation, 118—
Antagonism of right and fact, and their conciliation, 119-There is a reason for
every party, 119-Impartiality with regard to men wins general sympathy,
120-Impartiality with regard to states, 120--Why British writers and others
find it difficult to regard America impartially, 121-Haughtiness their danger,
121-Why Americans can more easily be impartial, 121-Republicans less
likely to speak ill of princes than men of rank, 122-Americans discriminate
between the English people and a transient ministry, 122-Question at issue, 122
-Antagonism between separated representative governments and unity of the
central power, 122-Solution by James the Second, 123-Conflict avoided from
1688 to 1763, 123-Plan formed in the ministry of Bute, 123-Townshend
brings it forward, 123-Plan modified by George Grenville's whiggism, 124-
Grenville's theory finds no support, 124-Theory of William Pitt, 125-Coun-
ter theory of Rockingham, 125-Rockingham's prevails, 125-Antagonism be-
tween the absolute power of Parliament and the rights of the Americans, 125
-Question raised on Parliamentary reform, 125-Townshend conforms to Rock.
ingham's theory, and in conformity to it taxes the Colonies, 126-His pream-
ble, 126– Lord North defends the tax on tea, 126—Why he was not in the
right, 127-The king and the East India Company, 127--Advice of Hutchin-
son adopted, 127-And exceeded, 127-Massachusetts resists, 128-The king
threatens blows, 128-Blood shed, 128-Taxation and representation insepara-
ble, 128-Taxation and legislation inseparable, 128-The Americans propose
a compromise, 128—Richard Penn and the second petition to the king, 129.
THE KING AND THE SECOND PETITION OF CONGRESS.
August, September, in Europe.-November in America.
Penn's zeal and celerity, 130—He is totally neglected, 130—The king will
not see him, 131-Force to be employed, 131—The king no dissembler, 131–
insists in proclaiming the Americans rebels, 131-IIis peace of mind, 131––
Britain had nothing to gain by the strife, 131-But the king not opposed, 132
-His irrevocable proclamation, 132-Its bearing on Chatham, Rockingham,
and their friends, 133-Amazement of Vergennes, 133-Ministry mean that
Boston should be burnt, 134--The French ambassador compares the king to
Charles the First, 134-Vergennes sees the king has left himself no retreat,
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