2. Another obvious, yet important thought, touches the past shortcomings of science. It is not very long ago when the temple of the Egyptian Venus at Dendera, proved in the hands of science a battery against Moses. At that time science spoke with her usual confident tone. She pointed to the Zodiac on those venerable walls and scorned contradiction. Moses had, very good man that he was, only given us some traditionary legends of the same credibility as the Greek heroic myths, but science, in her exactness, smiled at the old Israelitish puerilites, and dated the foundation of Athors' fane far earlier than the received date of the fabulous Adam. Timid people began to relax their grasp upon the Bible, when the old temple itself spoke out to their rebuke. Inscriptions, hitherto unnoticed, delaring Tiberius, Domitian and Trajan, the founders of the structure, were unveiled, and poor discomfited science retreated to another breastwork. Instances like this might be multiplied. They do not make science more modest, but they ought to make Christians more regardless of her vermilion edicts.

Science engages in a two-fold work. She collects natural facts, and she draws inferences from her collections. In the former enterprise she is not apt to err. In the latter she throws herself open to criticism. In this latter field, of course, the anti-biblical batteries are erected, and, owing to the foggy nature of the region, their weakness is often masked. Men, who are not bred to scientific research, are prone to defer to physical philosophers in this sphere of inference, as if the ground was peculiarly theirs. This is a great mistake. In the department of research and classification, it is well to give place to trained Science, but when applications and inferences are begun, then the scientific and unscientific are alike at home. The question is now one of our common reason. Science has reached the end of her peculiar province when she has produced her classified facts, the materials for our use. Henceforth she occupies no vantage-ground. A careful notice of this fact would prevent Dendera follies. When godly men engage in scientific pursuits, they acknowledge the distinction referred to, and the names which Professor Dana enumerates, Hitchcock, Silliman, &c., are those of modest inquirers, as well as of great and good men. But a shallow infidel, with hatred toward God

lining his whole existence outside and inside, strides on in his inductions as if sole proprietor of the soil, and talks so boldly of his prerogative, that the majority of mankind, gaping, believe

his noise.

3. All the glory of modern science is due to the Bible. It is the result of a Bible civilization. The Bible, in its fundamental teachings of individual responsibility, calls out the full activity of the individual man, and impresses upon Christian civilization a character, which Paganism, that viewed man in groups and classes, never did and never could elicit. The discoveries in the natural sciences, made in the last three centuries, are only reflections in other media of Lutheran investigations in the religious element. Doubtless all this was a part of the design of the Great Author of that Holy Revelation. While the first object was to convert the heart and make men new creatures in Christ Jesus, from this central design radiated all the external blessings of a high civilization, with its remarkable advance in arts and sciences. We find no rest in contemplating the world's progress, except in this view. Indeed, we would withhold the term "progress," so sadly abused now-a-days, unless we could thus see all centering in the Cross. Without this connection, all our activity is mere swallow-flying. Every invention, every discovery is a new instrument in our hands wherewith to hymn God's glory. In this way we bind these inventions and discoveries to eternity-to the throne of God. They add to our comfort here, but that is no more their chief end than our comfort is the chief end of Heaven. The glory of the Eternal Father rises above them all as the reason of their creation. In the regeneration at the foot of the Cross, all nature becomes tributary to the Shechinah, and is thus brought back to its original design. So will the new-born soul use all the materials which the God of Nature furnishes in this fair world; and because only the blood-sprinkled heart thus appreciates the uses of the material world, the shedding of the blood on Calvary is first seen, and then a new civilization unlocks the secret wonders of Nature's treasure-house. Unbelieving spirits may take advantage of this and use these materials to their own vicious ends, but vainly will they resist the consummation, when angels thall rejoice in beholding Science the modest and comely handmaid of Religion.

LITERARY AND THEOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

RUSSIA.

A Faculty for instruction in the Oriental languages, established by a ukase of the Emperor Nicholas, in 1854, has been fully organized. It has five divisions. The first, Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Tatar; M. A. Kasembeck is the Dean, and Professor of Persian; A. Muchlinski, Turkish literature; M. A. Tantawi, Arabic; J. Beresin, the Turkish language; M. Nauroski, adjunct for the Arabic, and N. Ssonia for the Persian; I. P. Aminow, teacher of Oriental calligraphy. The second division, Mongol, Calmuck and Tatar; A. Popow, Professor of Mongol and Calmuck literature, with C. Galstunski adjunct. Third division, Chinese, Mandtschar, W. Wassiljew, professor. Fourth division, Hebrew and Arabic; D. Chwolsohn, professor. Fifth division, Armenian, Grusinian Tatar; the teachers are three. Dr. v. Dorn teaches the Afghan; Prof. Wassiljew, the Thibetian. The course is to be of five years; each student must also study theology the first year; the Russ in the first and second; Russian history in the first and second; also the history of Russian jurisprudence, and the French language.

SWEDEN.

M. Malmstroem, professor at the University of Upsala, has published the first volume of a work on the epoch following the death of Charles XII. M. Carlsson, successor of Geijer at the same University, has commenced a work on Swedish history, starting at the point where Geijer left it, to comprise the reigns of Charles X., XI., XII. M. Fryxell is writing on the same period. The seventh volume of the Memoirs of M. Bergmann-Schinkel have appeared; he treats of the reigns of Gustavus Adolphus, Charles XIII., and Charles XIV. This volume comes to the peace of Kiel, (January, 1814,) and gives new materials and revelations upon the Russian affinities and policy of Charles.

The University of Upsala had 903 students in 1855; 866 in 1854.

FRANCE.

The works of Origen are to be issued in 4 volumes, for 28 francs, in Abbé Migne's Patrology, the Greek series: this series will contain the Greek writers from Barnabas to Photius. Vols. 1 and 3 of Origen are published.

Aristotle's Poetics are to be translated by Barthelemy St. Hilaire, into French for the first time; he has already translated the Ethics, Logic, Psychology and Politics of Aristotle. J. Barni translates Kant's Anthropology, in one volume. Ch. Bénard, Schiller's Aesthetical Works in 2 vols. These are published by Ladrange.

The first volume of a translation of the "Opuscula" of Aquinas, by M. Védrine and others, has been published; there will be six volumes in all. His "Summa" is also in the course of translation and publication.

The eighth edition of Cardinal Gousset's "Dogmatic Theology," is published in two volumes.

"An Imitation of the Most Holy Virgin Mary," is announced, on the model of the "Imitation of Christ."

The third volume of Baron de Slane's translation from the Arabic of Ibn Khaldoun's "History of the Berbers and of the Musselman П vras ties in Northern Africa," is published by the French government.

The Viscount Th. de Bussiére has published a "History of the Establishment of Protestantism in Strasburg and Alsatia," from inedited documents, in one volume.

The "Gallia Christiana," begun and carried on to the thirteenth volume by the monks of the congregation of St. Maur, interrupted in 1789, is to be continued, edited by Bartholemy Hauréan, well known as the author of the best "History of Scholasticism." The work is divided into ecclesiastical provinces, and gives the series and history of the Archbishops, Bishops and Abbots. The fourteenth volume will comprise the ecclesiastical province of Tours with its twelve dioceses, in five parts; the first is published by Didot, at twelve francs. Hauréan suppresses two archbishops of Tours, as fictitious, viz: Ragenelmus, 876; and F. Cassard, 1237. The French Academy have decreed the Gobert prize to the author.

The "Christian Inscriptions of Gaul before the Eighth Century," by Edmond Le Blant, a work crowned by the French Academy, are in the course of publication by the Imperial press. The first part is issued.

The results of the Expedition to South America, under the auspices of the French Government in 1844-7, are nearly completed; four volumes give the narrative of the voyage, etc.; the Views and Scenes, one volume; the Antiquities of the Incas and the different Nations, one volume; the geology, one; geography, one; botany, in course of publication, two parts of the sixteen are issued; zoology, fourteen of the twenty parts are printed.

Didot's "Modern Encyclopædia," was completed in 1854, in twentyseven volumes of text, and three of plates; a Supplement is to be added in nine or ten volumes of text, and two of plates. It will be published at 3 francs the volume.

A Life of William Penn has been published at Paris, written by M. L. Vulliemin, formerly Professor at Lausanne.

A new periodical has been commenced at Paris, "Review of the scientific Societies of France and foreign Countries," giving a summary of all their proceedings.

The hymn Veni Creator, is proved to have been written by Stephen Langdon, Archbishop of Canterbury, deceased in 1228, by the fragment of a contemporary, published in the Spicilegium Solesmense, Tom. iii. p. 130.

J. F. Nourrisson, Professor at Clermont, has published, in two volumes, a series of moral and religious lessons, translated from the Fathers of the Latin Church, with an introduction and biographical notices.

Alfred Maury, "The primitive People of Greece," vol. i., is spoken of as an important and learned investigation.

The first French edition of the "Imitation of Jesus Christ," has been reprinted in the Elzevir Library. It is by Moland and D'Héricault, and has the title, "Le livre de l'internelle consolacion." It contains a chapter on "The Vanity of the World," which does not appear in any other French version.

Louis Reybaud's "Studies upon the Reformers or modern Socialists," which received in 1841 the grand Montyon prize of the French Academy, is issued in a new editien of two volumes, for seven francs. The first volume gives an account of Saint-Simon, Fouriér and Owen; the second, Society and Socialism, the Communists, the Chartists, the Utilitarians, the Humanitarians. It also contains the reports of Mr. Jay and of Mr. Villemain to the French Academy.

An important work on Bossuet has just been published; "Memoirs of his Life and Works," by Abbé le Dieu, his private secretary, in two volumes, from the original MSS., with notes by the Abbé Guettée. It contains many curious particulars respecting the private life and habits of the Bishop of Méaux.

A work by an Armenian vartabed of the eighteenth century, Ghévond, on "The Wars and Conquests of the Arabs in Armenia," translated into French by Garabed V. Charnazarian, enriched with many notes, has been published at Paris.

Heloise et Abelard, par Clemence Robert, vols. iii.-v. completing the work.

A large collection of Calvin's correspondence upon Protestantism in the South of France, was recently about to be put up at auction at Avignon, but it disappeared before the time of the sale.

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GERMANY.

The Studien und Kritiken, Heft 1, 1857, contains Umbreit on the Unity of Ecclesiastes; Lessing's Christianity of Reason," proved by Goltz to be a work of his youth; Vaihinger on the Closing of the O. T. Canon (about 290 B. C.); Kaehler on Philip. ii. 5—14; several reviews, and an admirable account of Neander by Ullmann.

Niedner's Zeitschrift f. d. historische Theologie, 1, 1857, contains Pertz on the Mystic Weigel; the Shakers of North America by Thym; Goebel on the "Inspired Churches," a continuation; and Semisch on Eusebius Bruno.

Baur and Zeller's Theologische Jahrbücher, Schweizer on Vorstius, the successor of Arminius at Leyden: Avicebron on the "Universal Matter;" and a severe review of Vilmar's "Theology of Facts."

The Jahrbücher f. deutsche Theologie, No. 2, Kein on Hetzer; Fries on VOL. V.-42