A Short

VOCABULARY

Giving the Signification of fome Old English Words used in this Tranflation, but not commonly Spoke, or Written in this Age, at leaft not in that Sence in which our Tranflators took them.

BEAST

EAST. Any living Creature, except Man; fo the Latin word Beftia, from which this is derived: Witness that of Cicero Tufc. 5. Namque alias Beftias Nantes aquarum incolas effe voluit (viz. vis natura) alias Volucres, Calo frui libero; Serpentes quafdam effe gradientes: Where he exprefly gives the Name of Beasts, to Fish, Birds, and Serpents. Not only our Tranflators, but Mr. Ainsworth, calls Serpents and Fish, Beasts, Gen. iii. 1. Pfal. civ. 25. And indeed our laft Tranflators do the fame, which fhews that the word was taken in this fence for above 60 Years after this Tranflation was made. BLASPHEME, To fpeak Reproachfully either of God or Man: From the Greek Word Baaronut, which is ufed in St. Jude's Ep. v. 8. Rom. iii. 8. Tit. iii. 2. in thefe and other places Men are faid to be Blafphem'd in the Greek. If we refpect the Etymology only, 'tis more properly applicable to Men, than to God; for it properly fignifies, to hurt the Fame, or Credit of another, Pfalm iv. 2.

BLASPHEMY. Reproach, or Slander, either against God, or Man. See Blafpheme. Pf. LXXIII. 8.

COMMUNE. To Difcourfe Familiarly, to Confer Notes. COUNSEL. Defign, Device, Decree, or Refolution, as Confilium in the Latin; and not only Advice, or Direction, as it is now commonly taken, Pfal. xxxiii. 10. ESCHEW. Avoid, Shun, Decline.

FAINE. Glad, Merry, from the old English-Saxon fægen, of the fame fignification. We now use it adverbially, viz.

I would

I

8

I would Faine, that is, Gladly: but we don't commonly use it as an Adjective, as our Ancestors did. See Pfal. lxxi. 21. FLITTING, A hafty Remove, or Flight. 'Tis ufed in this fence in fome parts of England, Pfal. Ivi. 8.

FLOOD, A River, or Stream. So lod-wæten among the
Saxons fignified River, or Running-Water. See Pfal. Ixxii. 8.
lxxxix. 26. It should seem this Word retain'd this fignifi
cation, commonly in our Tongue at the beginning of the laft
Century; for our laft Tranflators ufe it in this fence, Fof
xxiv. 3. Pfal. xcviii. 8.

HEALTH, Safety, Protection, Power of Saving, Salvation both
Spiritual and Temporals It evidently comes from the Old-
English bal, which had the very fame fignification. Thus
in the Nicene Creed, in the Saxon Tongue, (in Wheelock's Bede)
we have thefe words, re pop ur mannum † op uɲe
bal, who for us Men, and for our Salvation. So our An-
ceftors called Christ hælen, Saviour, in our prefent Lan-
guage, Pfal. xxii. 1, c. And our laft
a Tranflators turn the

Hebrew by this Word Health, Pfal. xlii. 11.
HELL, Not only the place of Torments, but the place, or fate
of Deceas'd Souls, or what we commonly call the other World.
It is a place, or flate, which all, even the best Men, come unto,
fays Mr. Ainsworth; and adds, that Jacob made decount to go
thither. See his Annotations on Gen. xxxvii. 35. which he
accordingly tranflates, I will go down to my Son Mourning
to Hell. So did our Saxm Ancestors turn this place,
[Fepend c rape to minum rune to hell]
It feems to come from hælan, to Cover, or Hide, as the
Greek "Ads likewife fignifies, an obfcure, or unknown place.
I cannot but think that our Tranflators did well to retain the
Word in this fence, as they do, Pfal. xxx. 3. and often elfe-
where For this helps us to understand those words of our
Chriftian Faith, He defcended into Hell; whereas by lofing
the ancient fignification of Words, the People are in danger
to lofe, the fence and meaning of their Creed. Further,
fometimes Hell fignifies Death only, as Pfal. xviii. 4. cxvi.3.
and fo the word alfo does fignify in the Ilandick Tongue.
See Dr. Hicks's Island-Dictionary.

HOST, Army, or very great Company, very often.

IMAGINE, To Contrive, Plat, Defign: So it fignifies in the
Statute of Treafon, which makes it a Crime punishable with
Death, to Imagine the Death of the King, &c. Pfal. ii. 1. and
very often.
INSTANTLY, Importunately, Zealously, Pfal. lv. 18. We still
fay that a thing was done at the Inftance, that is, the earnest
Requeft of another. The Adjective Inftant fignifies› Impor-

tunate

tunate, in our laft Tranflation, Luke xxiii, 2, and in other places. LEASING, Lying, Cheating, Diffembling, from the Saxon leare,

Falfe, Deceitful, and learunge, Lying, &c. Pfal. iv. 2. LUST, Not only Filthy, Carnal Defires but any eagerness of Appetite, or violent, irregular Inclination, Pfal. x. 2. to luft, and to lift fignify the fame thing in this Tranflation, Pfal. lxxiii. 7. So Lurran, and Lycan have the fame fignification in the Saxon Tongue.

MALICIOUS, Very Bad, Evil, Bc. Pfal. lix. 5. Thus

Malus Malitia with the Latins. We now commonly underftand by this word Spiteful, Envious; the Ancients did not fo. 1

NETHERMOSIT, Lowest, Pfal. lxxxvi. 13. Nether is ufed for Lower by our laft Tranflators, Deut. xxiv. 6, &c.

PLAGUE, Any Blow or Stroke, of Gods Correcting or Punishing Hand, Plal. xxxviii. 17. as the Latin, Plaga, nor the Peftilence only: To plague, in common Difcourfe,fignifies, to ufe any fevere proceedings.

PORT, Gate, from the Latin, Porta. We ftill call him who keeps the Gate, Porter; the Saxons ufed Ponce the fame fence, and Ponte-gate for the Gate of a City, Pfal. ix.14. PREACHER, Not only he that, difcourfes publickly of Religion, but any one that publishes or declares any thing; o Preco in the Latin; tho' it is moft probable, that this English Word comes immediately from the Saxon Ppedicep, by cafting out the fecond Syllable 61, and contracting the other two, and then 'twill fignify the fame thing, viz. One that declares at large, or plainly, from the Latin, Predico And for the fame reafon, Preaching, from the Saxon Presicunge, fignifies peaking at large, or Haranguing, Pfal. Ixviii. 11. lix. 12. So to Preach fignifies to Publish, or Declare.. PREVENT, To Go, or Be before, this is the plain English of the Latin, Pravenio, the Greek glava, the Hebr. There

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are two defigns which one may have in going before another, either to guide and help, or, to hinder or Stop: Accordingly the word fignifies two contrary things, viz. to help forward, and, to oppofe, binder, &c. In the Scripture and Liturgy, it is for the moft part taken in the good fence, to Guide, help forward, affift, or be before-hand in Kindness, as Pfal. xxi. 3. Sometimes in the bad fence, to hinder, ftand in one's way, &c. Pfal. xviii. 18. At other places barely, to go, or be before, as Pfal. cxix. Koph 4. and, 1 Theff. iv. 15. QUICK, Alive, from the Saxon, Cpic, which has the very fame fignification; and fo, to quicken, fignifies, to give or re

Store

Store Life, to Revive, or Enliven; as did likewise the old Saxon
Cpiccan, Pfal. cxxiv. 2. xxii. 30.

REBUKE, Not only fevere Reprehenfion, but any manner of hard or reproachful Language, Pfal. Ixix. 21. And the Etymology will very well bear this meaning; for it seems to come from the French, Bouche, or the Italian, Bocca, a Mouth, and the Compofitive Particle Re; and therefore may well denote, any Sharp, or fhort Speech, or Answer.

REPROOF, Is ufed in much the fame fence with the former word, Rebuke, and does not only import, grave and fevere Admonition, but any manner of reproachful Language, any Speech, whereby we fhew our dislike of another's Words or Actions; from the Latin, Reprobatio, which fignifies much the fame when apply'd to words, Pfal. Ixix. 20.

SIMPLE, Unmixt, Plain, without any Fraud, or Guile, or Worldly Policy; like a Child, that has no Art or Cunning to help himself in any Difficulty, and therefore is often oppreft and overreach'd, by crafty and fharp Men. 'Tis generally ufed in a good fence in the Pfalms and New Teftament, vix. for plain, undefigning, tho' abused Men; as Simplex does among the Latins, when apply'd to the Tempers of Men. But then, becaufe fuch Perfons are fubject to be caught and drawn into Evil, by Politick and Artificial Men, therefore fometimes it denotes, those who by this means are betray'd to Sin, as Pfal. 4. and a Fault committed thro' this eafy unwary Temper, is called Simpleness, Pfal. lxix. 5.

STREET. The common meaning of this word is fufficiently known to all, and 'tis apparently used in this common fence, Pfal. cxliv. 14. The fame word is ufed in the 13th Verse of the fame Pfalm, but the common fence of the word does not fit that place, as Dr. Hammond has truly obferved; and in the Hebrew they are two words: In the 14th Rehoboth, in the 13th Hutfoth; which laft word fome tranflate Courts, Tards; others, Stabula, Caule, Folds, Sheep-coats; and I fuppofe it will be granted, that the word does properly fignify, any Enclosure without a Roof, near to a Houfe, fit for Sheep to lie down, or Tean in. And 'tis certain that the old English word rtpæt, from the Latin, Stratum, fignifies, any place for Reft, or Repofe, a Bed, a Couch, Litter, or place fit for Ews to Couch, or Lamb. See Somner. But I dare not affirm, that either our Old Tranflators, or New, had this fignification of the word in their view: But, with fubmiffion, I fee no reafon why we may not take it in this fence, fince both the Hebrew and English will bear this meaning.

WELL. A Spring, Fountain, or Small Stream, not only, a deep

dug Pit, as now it commonly fignifies: So Fylle, with our Ancestors, fignified, a Brook; and Feallian, to Spring, or

run

run like Water. See Somner's Dictionary, &c. Ainsworth uses the words in the fame fence, Pfal. xxxvi. 10. Ixxxiv. 7. WHOLSOM, Safe. We fill fay, Wholfom Food, Air, Law, Coun

fel, and mean the fame thing by it, which the Latins do by Salutaris, Pfal. xx. 6.

WILINESS, Cunning, Guile. We still use the word Wiles, from whence this comes, Pfal. x. 2.

WORLD, Age, Time, not only the Universe, or Earth: Thus it fignifies in the Doxology, World, that is, Age, or Time, without End. So the Saxon Fonls, or Feonuld, from whence that Phrafe, Feonulda Feonuld, the fame with the Latin, Sacula Saculorum. So in the Nicene Creed, before all Worlds, that is, before all Ages, or before Time itself was : The fame with the Greek, wed Tav diúvav Pfal. xlv. 18. WORSHIP, Majefty, Dignity, Excellency, what deferves to be Honour'd, or is Honour'd; that Glory, and Power in God to which we pay our Devotion: for fo it fignified with our Saxon Anceftors, who ufed Yeononerre, and Peonorcype, that is, Worthiness, and Worship, as words of the fame power and fignification. Our Tranflators ufe the word in this fence, Pfal. iii. 3. xcvi. 6. and elsewhere. We now by Worship, moft commonly mean, that Honor, which we pay to God; and our Tranflators do often take it in that fence alfo. Further, Worship does not only fignify, the eminent Dignity which is in God, but that which is in a low degree in Man: And this fence of the word is not yet loft, even in our own common Language: for we ftill call that Honour and Authority which belongs to a Magiftrate, his Worship. Our Tranflators retain the word alfo in this fence, when they fay, that God gives Worship, that is, Honour and Dignity, to them who lead a godly Life, Pfal. lxxxiv. 12. Nay, our laft Tranflators ufe the word in the fame fence, Luke xiv. 10. where it is faid, that the humble Gueft fhall have Worship in the prefence of those who fit at Meat with him. Who can then wonder, that in the Matrimonial Office the Husband is taught to Worship his Wife? that is, to pay her all due respect ? for no one ever understood more by that expreffion, except he were blinded by unpardonable Ignorance, or Prejudice. There is then an Honour, Glory, Dignity, or Worship in the Divine Nature; and fo there is, or may be in Men too. We muft pay Honour, Glory, Worfhip principally to God, but in an inferior fence to Men, if we may believe our English Bibles. It has been faid, that moft Controverfies now depending, are chiefly, a Strife about Words; it is certain, that many betwixt us and the Dif fenters are fo: And from what has been faid briefly, concerning this and other Words in this fhore Vocabulary, it will appear, that feveral Particulars which have been objected

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