the clouds can be seen the tops of the mountains on Vancouver Island. You can stand there and look to the right and see the snow on the mountains, the glaciers, and look down to the left and see the rich valleys of the delta. It is a magnificent site. That land is worth, on a low calculation, $10,000 an acre. Figure that out and you will find that the site alone is probably worth easily three million dollars. Then they set aside $1,800,000 in cash. There is five million dollars to start with. Then they said, "We must set aside some land," so they are setting aside two million acres of land. You have a good idea here that land in British Columbia is worth something; if you go out and start fruit farming you will find it is worth from $300 to $500 or $1,000 an acre according to conditions. Put $10 an acre as a minimum value on that. One Ontario man out there said that land will be worth $100 an acre. Perhaps it will. The government of British Columbia have planned for a university that is greater than anything that has ever before been conceived in the Dominion of Canada, and unless their plans fail, there is nothing on the continent of America that will stand alongside of it, in time. This little handful of people thinking in millions, have set aside first of all the equivalent of five million dollars, and on top of that two million acres of land. They are building not for this year or next year, but they are building for a hundred years to come. I saw the plans of their buildings, and I said to the architects, "What will they cost?" "Oh, I don't know," he said. Twentyfive million dollars? "Oh, perhaps," he said, "perhaps.' They are planning for the next fifty years; it may take twenty-five or fifty years before they are all worked out. I give you that to show you what these people in the West are thinking about, what they are planning for.

The slow-going, self-satisfied people down on the little Island of Prince Edward wakened up one morning and found money could be made out of fur farming and they drew it from the banks and they got going, and apparently there is nothing can stop them. And out on the Pacific coast we have people who are thinking in millions and are intending to make a great country.

What lies between? We have not time to tell about it, but they are Canadians in the Gulf Island and Canadians on the Pacific coast. It takes a whole lot of country to make Canada, and a lot of people to make up Canadians, and we here who are living in the centre, in the city of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario, will not be doing our duty unless we find out and know something about what is being done in the beautiful Island in the Gulf, and what also is being done or attempted out on the coast. It is only as we find out these things that we begin to realize after all that Canada is a great country, and to love it. Whether in Prince Edward Island or British Columbia or Old Ontario, it is worth while to be a Canadian, to be living in this country, and also to be part of the British Empire. (Applause.)

EMPIRE

An Address by HON. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, exPresident of the United States, before the Empire Club of Canada, January 29, 1914.

Mr. President, Your Honour,—

I am getting used to these titles, you see-(Laughter) -and Gentlemen of the Empire Club: My political experience on an issue that the title of your club suggests, makes me a little doubtful-or would if I were in politics a little doubtful of my present association with you. (Laughter.) It is now fourteen years since a good many of us were charged with being something awful, i.e., with being Imperialists. It is fourteen years this month that I was walking up and down the conference room of the Circuit Court of the United States in Cincinnati trying to reach a just conclusion, when I had my mind diverted to a telegram handed me from William McKinley, "If you can arrange your engagements I would like to have you come to Washington to confer with me." Well, there wasn't any vacancy on the Supreme Court,-(Laughter)—his cabinet was full, and I didn't see where I was coming in in that conference. (Laughter.) Nevertheless, when the President of the United States beckons, one responds. Well, I knew that we had had a war with Spain; I knew that we began it with the idea of helping out the Cubans, and without any thought that we would go anywhere else but to Cuba, and I knew that, as is the case with all wars, when you begin at one place on the globe you never know to what other part you may be led in the necessity for finding your enemy to fight; and so we had landed in the Philippines, and Dewey's guns had put upon us a burden we never anticipated. I knew all that, but I did not connect myself with that subject when the President's message came. I had a life position, I

was in a place where I enjoyed the work. The people of four states, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee I was trying out; I was testing their patience by my legal decisions-(Laughter)-but when I reached Washington and went in to see Mr. McKinley and he told me what he wanted me for, I would not have been more surprised if he had asked me to go up in an aeroplane, and then the science of flying was not fully developed, (Laughter.) He said, "I want you to go to the Philippines." "But," I said, "Mr. President, I do not want to be in the Philippines; I do not want our people to be in the Philippines.' "Well," said he, "neither do I, but we are there"-(Laughter and applause)-"and," said he, "you are an Ohio man, and I am, and I want you to go." And Elihu Root came in and he said, "You have had a pretty fair time; you have held office ever since you were twenty-one; you have had your plate turned up the right side whenever good places fell from the trees, and now the time has come when you can do something for your country." He said, "I don't mean to say that you have not done your duty where you are, but this takes some sacrifice, you are going to pioneer, so far as our national policy in the past is concerned, and you are the parting of the ways. You may reach the Supreme Court if you go on, and you may not, and you will have to give up for the time being your judicial work, and you have to take chances, but this is your duty before you, and now the question is whether you are man enough to see it." Well, that method of approaching a man rather stirs him up, and so I went out. There were four others appointed in the Commission, and we reached Manila Bay one hot June morning; oh, how hot it can be there under an awning on a ship! Three or four intelligent, high-minded Filipinos came aboard, and I think they were the only people in the Islands that were glad to have us come. There were

some sixty or seventy thousand American soldiers, and I know they did not want us. The general commanding told us, that while of course he was under orders to give us a proper reception, he thought it was a great departure from proper policy for us to be sent out there; and

the welcome we got from the native Filipinos was shown by the fact that we did not see any as we went up in solemn procession between two lines of soldiers to the Ayuntamiento where the general commanding had his headquarters. But the very opposition of the military to our policy of conciliation which we were instructed to carry out, put us in a better position with the Filipinos, though we did not know it at that time and we were very angry about it; but one never knows when he is well off. The Lord arranges these things better than oneself. (Applause.) (Applause.) The army did wonderful work out there, and I am going to speak a moment about that. They did wonderful work, but they had to do work with their guns and with the military discipline, and when we got there, or shortly after, certainly, the time had come when the Filipino people began to see that it was to their interest to have a civil government, and so, as we gave them hearings and went on and established the laws for civil government, they began to see hope through us and so they accepted us after a while with open arms, and in that way it was made possible, by the very contrast that we bore to the military, for us to go on and establish civil government on principles that have been maintained ever since. (Applause.) I feel as if in talking of colonial experiments I were bringing coals to Newcastle to men who have lived under the British flag and studied British history, and yet you naturally have an interest in a sister country that is struggling now with problems that you have had for more than a century. (Applause.)

The Philippine Islands are a tropic country with settlements dotted all over the various islands, a country where guerrilla warfare offers a kind of free picnic and makes great attraction for the natives. It is easier to retire to the mountains or the "bosque." i.e., the woods, and live on your neighbours, those who have rice and have cultivated it, than it is to cultivate the rice yourself; and the consequence is there is every inducement to guerrilla warfare, and the only way you can suppress it is by garrisoning every town and every settlement with a small detachment, which makes the war you carry on