hooks descend, the dead of the night dragged forth, and their bodies, unshriven and unshrouded, cast into the deep, until the slaves track was paved with human bodies; he saw them landed on the shores of a continent which was virgin in its character, and to which the oppressed of Europe had recently fled, that they might enjoy liberty; he saw them sold into slavery; saw all the sufferings of more than two hundred years of bondage; heard the smack of every lash in the cruel hands of the master or still more cruel hands of the soul driver as it fell on the quivering flesh of the helpless victim; he saw them chained in dungeons; herded in shambles, sold from blocks; he saw them give the sweat of their faces the strength of their muscles and sinews the marrow of their bones and not infrequently the blood of their hearts in unrequited toils. His mental vision quit the past and peered into the future.

He saw his own captivity- the mocking of his trial, his own scaffold - heard the sounds of his own. foot falls as he ascended its steps-witnessed his own sacrifice. He was startled with the sudden fruition of his hopes. The marvel of all the ages which time has birthed save ours passed before him; sounds fell on his ears he had never heard before it was the tramp of serried hosts they were coming from the East, and from the North and from the gigantic West. The implements of peace had been turned into those of war, and sword in hand the mighty hosts were carving their way to liberty and unshackled maturity, to hopes fulfilled. What mattered a life, sacrifice, if it bring to a downtrodden race all that he had dreamed and prayed for? Everything fell from him except the vision of

the future which he might pave the way for, that he might prove a stepping stone for a new life, a nobler existence. Wrapped in this vision the soul of the martyr, eager, glorified, passed on to the new country where are no race prejudices to overcome, no struggle for emancipation, but fraternity and equality for all.

JOHN BROWN.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

BY C. B. GALBREATH.

JOHN BROWN'S FRIENDS IN WASHINGTON. The following letter to John Brown, Jr., which, so far as we know, has never before been published, states clearly whom the writer regarded as friends in Congress. This letter is now of historic interest only. Had it been published at the time it was written it would doubtless have created some commotion and have made trouble for some of the congressmen named. The letter is here reproduced literally:

DEAR SON JOHN

ROCHESTER N. Y. 5th Feby, 1858.

Since writing you yesterday I have thought of a way in which I feel quite confident you might raise for the secret service from $500 to $1000, provided I can get you at once to undertake [it]. I have as I think a number of valuable friends in Congress Mr. Giddings, Dr. Chaffee of Springfield, Gen John Dick of Meadville Pa, Mr. Sherman (of the investigating Committee) from Ohio, Mr. Burlinggame from Mass. & last but not least our old friend Olin of Troy NY. With all these gentlemen I am more or less acquainted. Mr. Olin treated me with the utmost respect, & kindness last Spring at Troy; & promised to do all in his power to assist me: but I was obliged to go off without seeing him again, as I expected. You know him well, & would meet a most cordial reception from him; & through him, & others you could get an introduction to all persons at Washington that you might desire an acquaintance with; might see and even feel the Lions; & perhaps form some most valuable connections. Mr. Burlingame gave me $50, at Boston. I will in the end meet the expense; & you can hardly fail; to get enough for that while there. You would I have no doubt get at some good men Vol. XXX-22.

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through Dr. Bailey of the National Era. You can say to our friends that I am out from Kansas for that express purpose. I think Mr. Sherman & Giddings will give You a good lift. Dr. Chaffee, & Mr. Dick if you undertake you must not be in too great haste. I want to get good Maps & State statistics of the different Southern States I mean State Maps: not too large; but large ones might a number of them be done up together. Eli Thayer is a particular friend: I did not think of him at first. I have no doubt he would hook on his team. You might find friends at W who would give you some that may be a little old: that would be n[e]arly as good [as] any; or sell them for a trifle. You should have a full list of every member of either House; or of all others; who might do any thing for you. I have no doubt but you would by diligence & patient perseverence fully succeed in rasing the wind: besides getting wonderfully posted up. Do not lisp my plans or theories of any Kind; other than by mere hints: to such friends as will first commit themselves. You can say we are as thor[ou]g[h] abolitionists as G. Smith. Write me at once whether you will undertake the job; & if so how soon you can go as I may want to see you first. You can say I am keeping still.

Yours as ever

J B

KANSAS UNITED STATES SENATORS ON JOHN

BROWN.

Samuel C. Pomeroy was well acquainted with John Brown in Kansas and at times associated with him in the warfare against invaders from Missouri. W Brown was in prison at Charlestown, Pomeroy visite im and was very cordially welcomed. Afterward, wnen the raid at Harper's Ferry was investigated by committee of which Senator Mason of Virginia was chairman, Pomeroy was in the District of Columbia awaiting an opportunity to testify. In a letter he declared that if called upon he would defend John Brown's actions in Kansas regardless of what this might cost him politically. He defended Brown's act on the Pottawa

tomie and declared that under the circumstances he fully approved it. "That one act," said he, "struck terror into the hearts of our enemies and gave us the dawning of success."

Pomeroy's open defense of John Brown does not appear to have cost him much politically, as he was afterwards twice elected United States Senator from Kansas.

Senator John J. Ingalls in a tribute to John Brown

said:

"Already the great intellectual leaders of the movement for the abolition of slavery are dead. The student of the future will exhume their orations, arguments and state papers, as a part of the subterranean history of the epoch. The antiquarian will dig up their remains from the alluvial drift of the period, and construe their relations to the great events in which they were actors. But the three men of this era who will loom forever against the remotest horizon of time, as the pyramids above the voiceless desert, or mountain-peaks over the subordinate plains, are Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant and old John Brown of Osawatomie."

STORY OF THE SONG, "JOHN BROWN'S BODY.".

The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine for Octobe 1920, reproduces from The Collector for June, 1910, following account by J. H. Jenkins of the origin of the song "John Brown's body lies moldering in the grave":

"In the spring of 1861 the Twelfth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was stationed at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor. Among the number were four sergeants, Eldredge, Edgerley, John Brown and J. H. Jenkins, who constituted a male quartette, especial attention being given to those patriotic airs which were then stirring the hearts of the boys in blue. Among the favorite airs which seemed to have the right swing was an old campmeeting tune, to the words of 'Come brothers, will you