lection of works of art, bequeathed by the late Henry C. Lewis, and valued at more than $200,000, and the Rogers collection of statuary, presented by Randolph Rogers, the eminent sculptor, and valued at about $200,000, the Chinese exhibit displayed at the New Orleans exposition and presented by the Chinese government, and the Goethe library which our German friends are now gathering. It would seem, therefore, that not only has the State settled finally upon the policy of meeting the most pressing needs of the University, but that large personal benefactions may be expected in the future.

I have thus given a rapid and brief sketch of the origin and development of the University. Its growth is, we may confidently say, without a parallel in the history of American universities. Its name is spoken with honor wherever American scholarship is known. It has long had in its faculties professors whose fame has circled the globe. It has done its full part in making the name and fame of Michigan familiar to the world. And looking back to-day on the proud history of the State, shall we say that the fathers erred in laying deep and broad the foundations of the University? Does not rather their work stand as a monument to their wisdom and foresight? They not only secured almost without cost a generous education for their own children, but they saved at least three generations of educated men to Michigan. They made certain at an early day the collections of museums and libraries, which could probably not have been gathered in a century. through private generosity. Nor can it be questioned that the University has exerted a most powerful, elevating and stimulating influence upon the public schools and especially upon the high schools of the State. It has attracted a large number of men of high intelligence and character from other States who, after completing their studies, have remained to strengthen and enrich this State with useful lives. The power and influence of the University have been felt throughout the length and breadth of the State, nay, throughout the whole nation and in many a foreign land.

Now what has been the total cost to the State of all these great results which have been achieved by the University during the half century of its existence? The State has in all appropriated from its own treasury $1,024,071, and it has now actually in its possession at Ann Arbor, buildings, libraries, apparatus, land and other property valued on a moderate appraisal at about $900,000.

Really the outlay over and above the material objects which have been purchased with it and which the State now holds is about $125,000. In other words the absolute cost to the State for fifty years has been on an average about $2,500 a year. But more

over, if we reckon the value of the gifts which have been made to the University, in works of art which may, I think, be set down at about $400,000, it appears that the State now holds property at the University worth nearly $300,000 more than the entire sum that the University has received from the appropriations by the State. It may be doubted whether the history of higher education anywhere presents a parallel to this achievement.

Well may we cherish the memory of the fathers who so wisely laid at once the foundations of the State and the University, and of those who so wisely builded on the foundations so well laid. The State and the University! As God has so constantly refreshed and strengthened them with the dews of His grace, and has enabled them to add to the prosperity and glory of each other, so may He ever continue to multiply His blessings on them both!

Mr. CHAMBERLAIN :

The Commission selected ex-Senator Charles E. Stuart, and as his alternate ex-Congressman Augustus C. Baldwin, to prepare a paper on the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Michigan.

Senator Stuart's feeble health compelled him to decline. Mr. Baldwin accepted, but a sudden and serious, though temporary sickness, prevented him from preparing the paper. Within a few days, ex-Congressman Roswell G. Horr was asked and consented to make such remarks on this subject as the limited time would permit him to do.

Ladies and gentlemen: Hon. Roswell G. Horr.

MICHIGAN IN CONGRESS.

HON. R. G. HORR.

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : I am called upon here to-night to talk to you for a few moments upon the career of Michigan for the past fifty years in the Congress of the United States. In justice to myself you will permit me to say that I perform this

duty not as a "regular recruit," but rather as a "drafted volunteer." This work was to have been done by another, a man of long residence and distinguished public service in this State, but unavoidable circumstances prevent him from performing the task. Our Governor upon learning this, only three days ago, with that modesty for which he is so justly noted, ordered me peremptorily to take my place in the ranks.

I am not sure, however, that this short notice will not after all conduce to your comfort and convenience, for while you may get less of "Michigan in Congress for the last fifty years" than seems desirable on such an occasion as this, still you will get compensation for the loss right here on the spot, by getting fifty minutes less of me!

From 1836 to 1843 the State of Michigan had but one representative in the lower house of Congress. From 1843 to 1853 she had three members. From 1853 to 1863 she had four members. From 1863 to 1873 she had six members. From 1873 to 1883 she had nine members. Since 1883 she has had eleven members of Congress. Nothing more strikingly sets forth her growth as a State than the fact than in fifty years she has increased her representation in Congress from one member to eleven, notwithstanding that in 1836 every 60,000 inhabitants entitled a State to one representative, while now it takes over 150,000 people for each member of Congress.

Since the admission of Michigan as a State sixteen different men have represented her in the Senate of the United States, and she has had seventy-six different men in the lower house of Congress, but six of these, to wit: Lucius Lyon, Charles E. Stuart, Kinsley S. Bingham, Jacob M. Howard, Thomas W. Ferry and Omar D. Conger are also included in the list of Senators, having served in both branches of the National Legislature.

Such is the transitory nature of fame, that I doubt if there are a score of men in this large audience who can give the names of our first two United States Senators-a few of the oldest men here may be able to do so from their memory of those early times. To be frank with you, I had not the slightest idea until I had looked them up, and when I found out, to my chagrin I had no recollection of having ever before heard the name of either of them. Lucius Lyon and John Norvill were the first Senators from Michigan in the American Congress. Of her sixteen Sena

tors seven of them are still living. Her sixth Senator and fifth Governor, Alpheus Felch, is not only alive, but hale and strong, so that he is able to be with us on this anniversary occasion. Few men have ever lived through such a fifty years of the world's growth and been in active, working manhood during the entire half century.

The first Representative in Congress from Michigan was Gen. Isaac E. Crary. He represented the State for six years, having been elected three successive times. He became quite famous in his day on account of his encounter with Hon. Thomas Corwin of Ohio. Political excitement ran very high during his Congressional career, which included the wonderful Harrison campaign of "log cabins and hard cider" in 1840. Gen. Crary took it upon himself to criticize the military ability and career of the Whig candidate for Presidency, Gen. Harrison, and unfortunately for himself referred to his own experience as an officer of the militia which he claimed gave him a right to speak upon military matters, and enable him to intelligently criticise the exploits of the hero of Tippecanoe.

He was followed by Thomas Corwin, in one of his most inimitable speeches. Such a combination of wit, ridicule and sarcasm, dressed up with classical allusions and sparkling sentences, can hardly be found elsewhere in the English language. It has since found its way into works on elocution and rhetoric and will be recited by students of literature for ages yet to come. So complete and telling was it, that a few days afterwards, John Quincy Adams, "the old man eloquent," referred to our unfortunate member as "the late Gen. Crary of Michigan."

Notwithstanding this mishap, I am told by men who knew him, that Gen. Crary was a man of excellent parts, and that to no one man are we more indebted for our present magnificent common school system, than to this general of our State militia. He was followed by Jacob M. Howard, who alone represented Michigan on the floor of the House in the 27th Congress, and who afterwards became a very able and successful member of the United States Senate.

Of our sixteen Senators all of them have been able, painstaking legislators, and two of them have reached positions of great national renown.

It makes little difference who might be giving the history I am

now attempting; it matters not to what political party he might belong, the names of Lewis Cass and Zachariah Chandler would head his list of Michigan statesmen. And yet no two men were ever more unlike in their natural gifts and personal attainments. Lewis Cass was a cultivated scholar, an able lawyer, an experienced diplomatist, a consummate debater and a polished statesman. He is the only man from our State who was ever selected as the standard bearer of his party for Presidential honors. True he was defeated, but we must not conclude on that account that he was unworthy, because, Mr. President (Henry Chamberlain), you and I know that most excellent men are not always successful at the polls? Mr. Chandler was not a lawyer, was not a scholar, had no experience abroad in diplomacy, seldom took part in debates, and yet he won great distinction as a patriot and successful party leader.

Like General Grant, his crowning intellectual trait was his rare common sense. In a knowledge of practical things he was immense. He was at home in the vernacular of the common people, knew how to call things by their right names; and add to that his rugged courage and one can readily see what made him a natural leader among men. His short, pointed speeches always seemed to supply a deep-seated want. Like Abraham Lincoln, his masterpiece in speech-making was hardly ten minutes long, and yet in its way it will always be looked upon as a model, as a classic.

Gov. Woodbridge and Jacob M. Howard were both able men, in some respects the superior of Mr. Chandler, and in others the equal of Lewis Cass, and yet neither of them won any such place in the annals of this country as will be accorded to Cass and Chandler. These two men seem to have been born for exactly the times in which each one lived, and each of them did his lifework well.

I have sometimes thought that members of Congress may be divided into three grades or classes. A large number of men who find their way to the National Legislature, do little except it be to look after the wants of their immediate districts and perhaps the interests of their several States. They are careful, painstaking, often able men, who are satisfied with such limited work and influence. To this class belong the majority of men who have been in Congress from all the States of this Union, and of course Michigan is no exception to this general rule.