the consent of the state; and it of its cannons in the bay of Aboukir would be ridiculous to suppose that a had not filled the minds of the Arabs whole nation, in the exercise of its le- with reverence and astonishment. gislative power, is to be controuled Abdollah heard, the almost incredible from the mere circumstance of birth, tale from a Jew, who was present at by the opinions of a single family. the scene, and whose traffic extended The palace erected for the duke of from the shores of the Mediterranean Marlborough, must compel every vi- to the mountains of the moon. The sitor to it, to make a comparison be- curiosity of Abdollah was excited: he tween the glory acquired by the had travelled much in his youth, but English in his wars, and the indifferent nothing that he had seen conveyed to figure we made on the continent du- his mind an adequate idea of the ning the course of the last war with people who had performed such won, France. The English resisted at one ders. Yet he was not by any means time, and were the chief instruments ignorant in the philosophy for which in defeating the ambitious plans of Europe is famed: and he had sought for Louis XIV. to subvert the liberties of wisdom in the colleges of Carthochma, Europe. An English commander whither the sable inhabitants between was the soul of the combined armies, the tropics send the choice of their and victory every where followed his youth to acquire the maxims of knowstandard. The last war saw the En- ledge and experience. glish serving among the combined Čarthochma is situated within the armies with their usual bravery, but first degree of latitude south of the every where acting a subordinate part, line. Its professors have long been and on the very ground on which known for their erudition; and the their ancestors acquired so much language of Beulah is no where spoken honour, they were compelled conti- in greater purity. In this language nually to retreat. With immense Abdollah was a great proficient; and treasures at its command, and sub- possessing a peculiar fondness for geosidizing vast forces, England, last graphy and natural history, he was war, had to act against a rival, torn to particularly anxious to gain informapieces by internal dissentions, and yet tion on the state of every country, and that rival succeeded in every enterprise, its inhabitants, on the globe. The and acquired more territory and influ- maps of Carthochma are known to be ence in Europe, than Louis XIV. in the excellent; for it is not permitted to height of his ambition, either wished put down the situation of any spot, or expected. What a subject is this without authority; and where that for the future historian of the reign authority is wanted, a blank space of George III.! What a comparison declares that that part of the globe is will it occasion between his ministers an object of future researches. Of and generals, and those of Queen course the maps, however excellent Anne !

Quest. V. Does London afford to a reflecting mind a greater number of proofs in favour of civilization, or the want of it?

for Africa, gave no information on Europe. A great sea, tradition said, separated the continent from the regions of cold, in which human nature could scarce subsist; and such was the Abdollah, Ebn Achmet, Ebn Dini, effect of climate upon the human skin, Ebn Dinarbah, was descended from that it lost its original colour, and pre the ancient race of sovereigns who sented the melancholy appearance of governed the track of country from pallid whiteness, intermixed with the vast desert of Sahara to the Equa- streaks of a feverish red.

torial mountains; and through whose The narrative of the Jew made a northern territories the Niger, after deep impression on the mind of Abwashing the walls of Tombuctoo, di- dollah but Ouli and his courtiers rects its rapid course, till it sinks in considered it as the exaggeration of a the sandy plains of Charaba. No traveller, and declared it impossible European has for many ages extended that men with red and white faces his researches to this happy country; could perform such wonders. On the and the fame of the British nation next ay Abdollah questioned the would never have reached the throne w in private, on the countries which of Quli Ebn Shemesh, if the thunders these extraordinary white men inhaVol. IV. E

bited; on the causes which brought mighty wisdom. Suffer me to leave them to the shores of Africa; of the the regions, enlivened by your prerage which could possess their minds sence, to wander in pursuit of wisdom to destroy each other with such in- among the tombs of darkness. I may fernal fury. From one whose soul perhaps bring back something worthy had been occupied with the concerns of the notice of the colleges of Caronly of his trade, he gained but little thorma; and the happiness enjoyed information. All that the Jew had by your subjects will be heightened learned was, that these white men by the contrast of the miseries to came from a distant region; that their which they must have been exposed, minds were inaccessible to any ideas if nature had placed them in the reof politeness, religion, and morality; gions of perpetual cold and gloom, and that they excelled only in devising which nothing but insatiable curiosity, plans to rob and murder each other. I confess, could excite in any one a desire to visit.

The philosophic mind of Abdollah was little satisfied with such vague Ouli regretted the resolution of information. He intreated the Jew Abdollah; but as a year would elapse, to make farther enquiries when he trusted that calm reflection would returned into the Fezzan, and to change so strange a design. He gave learn, if possible, whether there were his reluctant consent to the plan; and any means of travelling into the coun- Abdollah, with emotions of gratitude, try of the white men with a tolerable saluted the thigh of the monarch, and degree of security. The influence of retired from his presence with a firm Abdollah was such, that the Jew was determination to explore the unknown happy in the opportunity of acquiring world. Every body loved Abdollah, his interest. In a few days he departed from the court of Ouli, for the Fezzan, having promised to meet Abdollah the next year, and to give him the result of his enquiries.

and every breast felt a pang, when the rumour was spread, that in a year the sage would leave his country, never more perhaps to return. His own family were afflicted with the deepest The thoughts of Abdollah troubled concern; and when he took his leave his countenance, and the sovereign to return to his hermitage on the with his accustomed benignity sought mountains of Jarcha, all sent up their for the cause of his uneasiness. To prayers to heaven, that he might in so amiable a prince what could be his solitude overcome what appeared denied? Abdollah in a long interview to them so strange a desire, and enexplained his intentions; and Ouli, livening them as usual on his anfearing for the dangers to which he nual visit, leave them again for many might expose himself, endeavoured successive years without the dread of to divert him from his purpose. What eternal separation, and the miseries can possibly be learned, says he, by that must be experienced by a wise a man of your capacious mind, from man in the midst of pale-faced barbapale barbarians, in whom the light of rians. reason seems to be almost extinct; The hermitage of Abdollah was siwho inhabit a country which the sun tuated on a mountain, whose base is never warms by its beams; and who washed by the Nerola, a rapid stream, will treat the lessons of philosophy, whose waters, by the art of the sage, and the person who utters them, with were raised to his mansions, and gave contempt. Remain in your own verdure to his fields. It was not the country where you are, honoured and hermitage of a solitary being, who revered, and do not expose yourself retires from the world in disgust with to useless dangers. From the pismire, his fellow creatures, and passes his replied Abdollah, we receive instruc time in the idleness of devotion. Abtion; and there is no animal so base, dollah had made a paradise of about which does not discover the hand of three thousand acres, which he reits Creator. The light of reason ay be nearly extinct in minds habituated to darkness; yet neither they no their country could be permitted to exist without some object to be at tained, suitable to the purposes of A

served from his paternal inheritance ; and he enjoyed here the lettered ease of an English country gentleman. Twenty years had elapsed since his. retirement from the offices of state.. The resolution was taken on his pil

grimage to Mecca, from which place several laws against those who difhe returned with forty camels' load fered from them; these laws increaof the choicest manuscripts of ed accordingly, and are a disgrace to Arabia. To these he determined the statute books of most countries to dedicate some part of his time, where the protestant religion has and to the valuable writings left been established. People are beginhim by his ancestors, and those ing to open their eyes to this absurwhich he had procured from Car- dity, and to see that religion is a thorma and the libraries south matter of personal concern and of the line. His ample estate was if some form of it may be patromade over in trust for his children; nised by a state, every other should with the power, however, of resum- be left to its own discretion. In ing it at his pleasure; and he reserved the united kingdom there are two to himself only the estate of Naam- established religions, the church of tha, and an annual income of ten Scotland and the church of England; thousand ounces of gold. One wife but the disciples of both are daily only, and three concubines, were wil- diminishing in number, and the atling to accompany him; and now in tachment to the church is very difhis grand climacteric, he found him- ferent now from what it was a century self deprived by death of two of the ago. The methodists are carrying concubines. The pursuits of agri- off the lower classes from each comculture, his stud of Nubian horses, munity; and the higher classes in and his books; made the time appear England continue their countenance shorter in the mountains of Jarcha than at the court of Ouli.

Quest. VI. What are the chief distinctions among those protestants who worship three persons as God?

more from habit, and the influence arising from the property of the church, than any particular zeal for its doctrines. Next to the popish the English is the richest church in The great and material distinction is christendom: it affords very comin their connection with the state; the fortable provisions for the younger religion of one party being establish- sons of the nobility, and the chief ed by the law, the other being only landed property; and the votes of tolerated. This circumstance makes ecclesiastical peers are very seldom an astonishing difference among num- found to be against the minister of bers who profess or pretend to be the day. christians; and yet certain it is, that In Sweden, Denmark, and many not one word is said in scripture on parts of Germany, one class of protemporal preeminence of one body testants is established, the others only of christians over another; and there tolerated. In Switzerland this tole

cannot be a greater insult to the chris- ration varies; but what it is now we tian religion, than to suppose its au- cannot at present well ascertain. It thor or his apostles, desirous that is probable that the powerful hand their followers should, as soon as of the French has brought the opcircumstances permitted, assume tem- pressed to a better temper with each poral power, and knock down, ill other, and introduced that mutual treat, or despise those who would not toleration which would have taken come to their church or meeting. place, if they had obeyed the preHow many are there in this country, cepts of christianity, instead of inwho, because they go to a church dulging their passions. In America, which has bells in it, and hear a a greater degree of toleration still preacher in a white surplice, or a prevails; and in several states no black gown, think themselves of preference is given to any sect of much greater consequence, and that protestants. This is evidently the they possess a purer religion, than wisest mode of governing the counthose who go to a preaching, where try; for so many are the subjects of the preacher appears in his ordinary contentions among mortals, that everobes, and speaks by no other autho- ry prudent statesman will exert his rity than that of the free consent of utmost endeavours to prevent relihis hearers. It was natural, that gious disputes from increasing the when a party or faction had got the number. state to back them, they would make

The second grand distinction among

ON RESTORING LIFE TO THE APPA◄
RENTLY DEAD.

the protestants, who worship three persons, is in their ecclesiastical government, on which subject the books WE mentioned in one of our forwritten are very numerous; but hap- mer numbers the fortunate incident pily the green-grocers and pastry- of a youth being saved from an uncooks are daily diminishing the timely and watery grave, by the cirquantity of paper that has been cumstance of his happening to have wasted upon so idle a subject. Here, in his pocket the card which Dr. as in most questions about religion, Hawes has published, and which rethe scriptures have been sadly neglect- commends the proper method to be used ed; for certain it is that neither for rescuing the sufferer from suffocaChrist nor his apostles have laid tion in various accidents. We think down any rules for christian meet- we cannot do a greater service to ings; the circumstance was too trif- humanity, on this interesting occaling, and it was not doubted that sion, than by giving publicity to those they who had imbibed the spirit of brief rules this physician and phichristianity, would have sufficient lanthropist has laid down for obtaingood sense to regulate their meet- ing the laudable purpose of his endeaings for religious service according yours." 1. In the case of drowning, to circumstances. The mode adopt- the greatest exertions should be used ed in the apostles' times is certainly to take the body out of the water bea good one; but it is not binding; fore an hour has elapsed, and the this was under the regulation of a resuscitative process immediately to be committee of the meeting, formed employed. Cautions:-Bodies taken of a president and elders, the presi- out of the Thames, ponds, &c.— dent being called the overseer. The 1. Never to be held up by the heels. name in Greek of overseer is Episco- 2. Not to be rolled on casks, or other pos, from which comes our term bi- rough usage. 3. Avoid the use of shop; and in the same manner priest salt in all cases of apparent death. comes from the Greek word presbuWhat thou doest do it quickly. teros. But the bishops and priests The drowned. of these days bear no resemblance 1. Convey carefully the body, with to those of the apostles: the bishop the head raised, to the nearest conbeing the head of a large district, and venient house. 2. Strip, and dry the the priest either the head of a parish, body;-elean the mouth and nosor officiating as one. The English, trils. 3. Lay young children between Danes, and Swedes have bishops: two persons in a warm bed. 4. An the churches of Scotland and Genoa, adult: Lay the body on a blanket and many in Germany, are under or bed, and in cold weather near the presbyters, or elders. L'un vaut fire. In the warm season air should autant que l'autre.

Questions to be answered next month. Which are the principal epochs between the taking of Babylon and

the battle of Marathon?

To what reflections do they give

rise?

What are the principal occurrences between the union with Scotland, and the peace of Utrecht?

be freely admitted. 5. It is to be gently rubbed with flannel, sprinkled with spirits; and a heated warming pan, covered, lightly moved over the back and spine. 6. To restore breathing-Introduce the pipe of a pair of bellows (when no apparatus)

into one nostril; close the mouth and the other nostril, then inflate the lungs, till the breast be a little raised; the mouth and nostrils must then be let free: repeat this process till appears. 7. Tobacco smoak is Does London afford to a reflecting to be thrown gently up the funmind a greater number of proofs in dament, with a proper instrument, favour of civilization or the want of

To what reflections do they give

rise?

it?

Can a pastry-cook make a good

colonel?

life

or the bowl of a pipe covered, so as to defend the mouth of the assistant. 8. The breast to be fomented with hot spirits; if no signs of life appear, the warm bath, or hot bricks, &c. applied to the palms of the hands,

and soles of the feet. 9. Electricity MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND HEROIC early employed by a medical assist

ant.

Intense Cold.

Rub the body with snow, ice, or cold water-Restore warmth, &c. by slow degrees; and, after some time, if necessary, the plans to be employ ed for the resuscitation of drowned persons.

Suspension by the Cord.

1. A few ounces of blood may be taken from the jugular vein, and cupping glasses may be applied to the head and neck; leeches also to the temples. 2. The other methods of treatment, the same as recommended for the apparently drowned. Suffocation by Norious Vapours or Lightning.

Cold water to be repeatedly thrown upon the face, &c. drying the body at intervals. If the body feels cold, employ gradual warmth; and follow the plans of the drowned.

Intoxication.

The body is to be laid on a bed, &c. with the head a little raised: the neckcloth, &c. removed.-Obtain immediate medical assistance, as the modes of treatment must be varied according to the state of the patient.

ACTIONS OF SCANDERBEG, PRINCE
OF ALBANIA.

"THE proper study of mankind is man," says Pope, the contemplative British Horace, the prince of our modern lyric poetry. This is an apophthegm, or manifest useful truth, which cannot be reasonably doubted of; and, as the judicious and ingenuous sufficiently know, will ever be found in accordance with the language of good sense and reason. All men are eager to satisfy, according to the means which they possess, that strong, natural, inbred desire, which all are more or less affected with, not to be ignorant of such memorable transactions as may have occurred in the preceding generations, and in their own; such transactions as contain the most remarkable, important, and interesting particulars incidental to the common humanity. Now, although the knowledge of letters has in every part of the world, and among the most barbarous nations, been rightly accounted an ornament and a blessing to individuals of all sorts and every condition, yet the reading of history, in particular, may be very safely pronounced and recommended as the most rational recreation, as the great 1. On signs of returning life, the work, and the proper study of a GENassistants are most earnestly advised TLEMAN; who, as excelling others in to employ the restorative means with the dignity of blood and in the amgreat caution, so as to nourish and re- plitude of fortune, and being better vive the languid signs of life. A tea- furnished (or presumed to be so) with spoonful of warm water may be giv- all the requisite gifts of nature and en;-and if swallowing be returned, art, for the undertaking of great warm wine or diluted brandy-To actions, ought, more eminently, to be put into a warm bed, and, if dis- love and favour the acquisition of this posed to sleep, will generally awake kind of knowledge. restored to health. 2. The plans Historical truth introduces her voabove recommended are to be used taries into the prior councils of kings, for three or four hours. It is an ab- into the administrative offices of com surd and vulgar opinion to suppose monwealths, the government of propersons as irrecoverable because life vinces, and the highest charges of does not soon make its appearance, dangerous and horrid, but glorious 3. Electricity and bleeding never to war. Cicero calls history the witness be employed, unless by the direc- of times, the light of truth, the life of tions of the medical assistants." memory, the regent of life, and the We should be sorry to appear dic- herald of antiquity. The line of tatorial or presumptive; but we res- human life is doubtless spun very pectfully recommend to our cotempo- short-but the use and benefit of raries the consideration of publishing reading, to instruct us in the practical these instructions and cautions, as knowledge of our duties, by the exwe have done it for the benefit of those amples and at the cost of others, who, from the practice of bathing without acquiring dearly purchased at this season of the year, may un- experience (which an ancient proverb expectedly fall into danger.

General Observations.