The ma Dr. Beauregard reporting successful cases. Mal. de l'Enfance, 1883, i. 572. Mechanical Straightening; Ibid., jority of the French surgeons were strongly opposed 1884, ii. 19, 25. Double Osteotomy Subtrochanteric; Deutsche Zeitsch. f. Chir., December, 1883, page 463. Cubitus Varus to this method of treatment, Guerin, Anger, and Ver- Traumaticus Nicoladoni; Zeitsch. f. Heilkunde, 1884, 37. Operneuil being especially so, the former claiming that ex-ation for Flat Foot, Ogston; Lancet, January 26, 1884. Flatcept in the club-feet of adults no deformity of this, sort existed which could not be corrected by tenotomy and apparatus. Polaillon and Chauvel and some others thought the operation might be of advantage in talipes equino-varus of adults. 1 E. Boeckel makes a distinction between osseous and tendinous club-foot; the first of these can be cured by tenotomy and apparatus; in the second class tenotomy is of no use, and though improvement follows a long-continued course of treatment by massage and apparatus, yet in his experience relapses easily follow when apparatus are discontinued, the cause of this be ing the curling inward of the hindmost foot at the end of the step, caused by the instinctive turning of the foot inward, to aid the gait when the dorsal flexion is only possible to a right angle. Boeckel thinks that the chief hindrance to correction of the foot is in the deformity of the tarsus, which is radically relieved by extirpation of the astragalus, which he has performed four times with perfect success. TREATMENT OF SPINAL ABSCESS. Lacharriere has collected twenty-eight cases treated by antiseptic incision dressed with strict antiseptic precautions. Of these five died, fourteen were healed without sinuses, and in nine the result was uncertain. Twenty-one cases were treated by curetting the abscess walls, and of these two died, fourteen were healed, and in five sinuses were left. This latter procedure is not possible except in abscesses of the lumbar region and of the back. In psoas or iliac abscess such a treatment is not only not always possible but in certain cases dangerous. BIBLIOGRAPHY. AFFECTIONS OF JOINTS: Wolff, Trophic Disturbances in Primary Joint Affections; Berl. klin. Woch,, 1883, xx. 422. Contraction of Knee-Joints treated by Splints, Burrell and Watson; Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1883, cix. 202. Mechanics of Hip-Joint Disease, Wright; Arch. Med., 1883, x. 107. Volkman's Operation for Hydrarthrosis of the Knee; Med. Gaz., 1883, X. 533. Arthritis Deformans, Neurotic Origin, Weber; N. Y. Med. Rec., 1883, xxiv. 552. Perinephritis and Pyonephrosis in Relation to Hip Disease; N. Y. Med. Record, 1883, xxiv. 623. Adams, Subcut. Section of Femur, Shaffer; Ann. Anat. and Surg., 1883, xiii. 243. Reformation of a Head of Femur after Excision, Küster; Gesellsch. f. Chir., Berl., 1883, xii. 61. Neurosis of Hip, Gibney; Med. Gaz., 1883, x. 601. Neurotic Affections, with Joint Lesions, Jacoby; Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1884, cx. 10-14. New Mode of Exposing the KneeJoint, Bell; Lancet, 1883, ii. 1041. New Hip Splint, Cabot; Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1884, cx. 6. Knee Splint, Ridlon, N. Y. Med. Rec., 1884, xxv. 8. Osteoplastic Resection of Ankle-Joint, Miekulicz; Laugenbeck's Archiv, Bd. xxvi. Subcutaneous Division of Crucial Ligaments in Knee Ankylo sis; Med. News, February 2, 1884. OTHER SUBJECTS: Osteotomy, Poore; Illus. M. and S. Journal, 1883, ii. 167. Osteitis Deformans; Arch. of Med., N. Y., 1883, x. 146. Club-Foot, Stillman; N. Y. Med. J., 1883, Xxxviii, 429. Club-Foot, Willard; Tr. M. Soc. Penn., 1883, XV. 247. Rickets and Osteomalacia, Kassowitz; Gesellsch. d. Aertze 2, Wien, 1882, 3, 1879. Causation of Club-Foot; Brit. Med. Jour., 1883, ii. 823. Result of Fungous Disease of Joints and Resection; Deutsche Zeitschr. f. Chir., 1883, xix. 137. Ex cision of a Portion of the Spinal Accessory for Spasmodic Torticollis, Sands; Ann. of Anat. and Surg., 1883, xiii. 277. Electro-Osteotome, Roberts; N. Y. Med. Rec., 1883, October 27th. Osteotomy in Rickety Curves, Saint Germain; Rev. Mens. d. 1 Gaz. Méd de Strasbourg, 1883, Nos. 6 and 7. 2 Thèse de Paris, 1883. Also Chavasse, Lancet, 1883, ii., 1064; also Treves, International Cyc. of Surgery; Weiss, Mem. sur quelques cas. de Chir. Nancy, 1883. 124. Foot, Marsh; St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports, 1883. Flat- AFFECTIONS OF THE SPINE: Spondylitis Cervicalis, Falkson; Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1883, xx. 453. Round Shoulders, Stillman; Med. Rec., 1883, xxiv. 197. New Corset for Scoliotosis of the Atlas, Sommer; Arch. f. Path. Anat., Berl., 1883, sis, Karewski; Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1883, xx. 524. Synosxciv. 12. Cause of Rotation in Lateral Curvature, Judson; N. Y. Med. Record, January 19, 1884. Reports of Societies. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY FOR MEDICAL IMPROVEMENT. E. M. BUCKINGHAM, M. D., SECRETARY. APRIL 14, 1884. The President, DR. CHARLES D. HOMANS, in the chair. SPONTANEOUS PHLEBITIS. DR. W. C. B. FIFIELD reported the case, which is unique in his experience. The patient, an anæmic young lady who had been occasionally treated for neuralgia during many years, had a temperature of 104105° F., with a rapid pulse. She was dizzy, and complained of pain indefinitely situated near the great sciatic notch, and of heaviness of the left lower extremity. Being uncertain as to diagnosis, the speaker had called a competent consultant, who, while also unable to form a positive opinion, believed the trouble to be mainly hysterical, and cited an asylum case in support of this belief. The treatment agreed upon was unsatisfactory in its result, and the following evening Dr. C. E. Stedman was called in consultation. By this time a new symptom had developed, a swelling of the leg, which was, however, still so slight as to be detected only by measurement. Pain, with high temperature and rapid pulse, continued. It was agreed to alter the last night's prescription of bromide of sodium with hyoscyamus to the bromide with chloral, and with this the patient got some rest. The case, however, went on, the calf swelling enormously and the thigh to twice its size, both pitting and assuming a white marble look, the pulse becoming 130. The treatment consisted in brandy and opium until the pain was over, and then brandy and quinine. As two grains of quinine every four hours caused cinchonism, it was omitted, thirty drops of tincture of chloride of iron being substituted. This drug caused the patient to vomit, as it often does her as well as some others, and it was in turn omitted. Dr. Fifield can find no accounts of spontaneous phlebitis. Trousseau reported it as an accompaniment of rheumatism and claimed that the cases got well with quinine and stimulants. He did not state the condition of pulse and temperature. Simpson and others have reported it as a puerperal complication, and supposed it to be of septic origin. We know that varicose veins get inflamed with formation of blood clots. The speaker had seen phlebitis as a complication of dysentery. DR. JAMES AYER mentioned its following typhoid. DR. C. E. STEDMAN said that a year seldom passed at the City Hospital when there were not one or more examples of phlebitis in patients, mostly men, in the third and fourth weeks of typhoid fever. These cases was a diffuse inflammation of the tissue. were rather periurethral abscess, and this difference in nomenclature may have accounted for the small number of reported cases mentioned by the reader. DR. J. W. ELLIOT then read a paper on WITH ADHESIONS.3 DR. C. M. GREEN said that packing will often give good results even when there is subacute peritonitis or cellulitis present. He also mentioned the following case in which packing had been used: DR. C. D. HOMANS said that the nearest approach to spontaneous phlebitis that he had seen had been THE TREATMENT OF RETROVERSION OF THE UTERUS with a fractured thigh in which good union had occurred. He had seen it after amputation for accident in a patient over sixty. It is not very uncommon after typhoid, and in his cases has got well after a time. DR. FIFIELD replied that he had seen phlebitis after dysentery, but never after typhoid. Arteritis occurs as a sequel of typhoid, and he mentioned a case at La Charité in Paris amputated by M. Gosselin in 1875 for gangrene, and dying from gangrene of the other leg. Both femoral arteries were found to be plugged. EXTERNAL URETHROTOMY, WHEELHOUSE'S OPERA TION. DR. FIFIELD thought that this operation, comparatively little known here though well known abroad, was sure to grow in favor. He has done it once, so far as he knows being the first surgeon in the United States to do the operation, and has seen it done once. In the common way it is not always easy to find the urethra. In cases of extravasation of urine Bryant prefers to pass a catheter, or to open the urethra. This is more easily said than done. The speaker never leaves a catheter in, but makes incisions and tries to introduce it three or four days later. Since his own operation he has seen it very well done by Dr. H. L. Burrell. DR. C. M. GREEN read a paper on A SUMMER COURSE IN OBSTETRICS.1 DR. O. W. DOE said that he had had two recent cases in which not so much as a drachm of milk could be got at any time. DR. GREEN said in reply to a question by Dr. Fifield as to how he successfully performed version and extraction of such large children, that the version was done in the usual way, but that great care was taken not to extend the arms and head. In the first case traction was made only during the pains: in the second case, owing to the absence of pains, the uterus was followed down with the hands of the assistant. As soon as the arms could be reached they were brought down. In the second case the extraction of the head at first seemed impossible: forceps were tried without success; and finally extraction was accomplished with the aid of powerful pressure on the uterus from above. DR. A. T. CABOT read a paper on a case of MULTIPLE CALCULI IN THE BLADDER, The patient had her last child fifteen years ago. Since then much pain, constantly recurring attacks of peritonitis, and no ability to work. Examination shows cervix torn, uterus prolapsed, external os just within the opening of the vagina. The examination gave much pain, but nevertheless a light tampon of cotton, soaked in glycerine with ten per cent. of iodoform, was inserted. The iodoform was used because it seems to relieve the local pain. Relief soon followed. She has been under treatment two months, and is now free from pain. The uterus is higher, and more in place; the adhesions are absorbing. In a second case there were no local symptoms, and very little dysmenorrhoea; there was some headache and a general confused feeling, but the symptoms were so slight that the patient thought an examination was unnecessary; however, when this was made retroversion and adhesions were found, and treatment with a tampon was begun. In two months the uterus was brought forward into good position by replacing the tampon twice a week. Some medication was resorted to for the headaches, but without success; when, however, the uterus had been replaced these disappeared. The after-treatment was by a pessary. This was once removed for a week, but a slight retroversion returned, which was again cured by the continued use of the pessary. He thought the treatment by tampons often proved quickly successful, and that the nervous symptoms which accompany the retroversion were often the most difficult to treat. DR. LOMBARD mentioned the treatment by manipu lation repeated every two to four days for five to ten minutes. He had seen very good results from this method even when it caused considerable pain to the patient, but he thought the reader's method better, as it gave a constant and equable pressure instead of the interrupted manipulations. In answer to DR. SABINE as to what class of cases it was not best to undertake this treatment, the reader said that in old women, long past the climacteric, where there was retroversion without any peritonitis, and, and showed the specimens. The paper will be pub- again, in all cases where there was a local acute perilished in a succeeding number of the JOURNAL. BOSTON SOCIETY FOR MEDICAL OBSERVA TION. CHARLES H. WILLIAMS, M. D., SECRETARY. tonitis. DR. C. B. PORTER then reported A CASE OF PILO-NIDAL SINUS. N. L., forty-two years, jeweler, entered the hospital January 11th for a fistula in ano, which had given him trouble for about two months. The patient had a FEBRUARY 4, 1884. DR. THOMAS WATERMAN read large amount of hair on the chest and other parts, and a paper on PERIURETHRAL PHLEGMON.2 DR. FITZ said that the name of periurethral phlegmon should be confined to those cases in which there 1 See page 389 of this number of the JOURNAL. on the left buttock, in addition to an ulcerated point about two inches from the anus, which had been discharging about two months, there was a pilo-nidal sinus from which a tuft of hair projected. This was laid open by a cut some three inches in length, and a large 8 Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. cx., p. 193. mass of hair removed. The wound was then dressed with iodoform and charpie and myrrh, and healed readily. DR. PORTER then reported the following case: — DIPHTHERITIC PERINEAL WOUND; CHRONIC CYSTI TIS; BILATERAL INCISION OF PROSTATE FOR REMOVAL OF STONE; ACUTE SUPPURATIVE PERITONITIS. AUTOPSY. January 21st. L. D. V., aged thirty eight, farmer, about seven years ago first had pain on passing water. Had at that time a stricture which he claims was not of venereal origin. About a year later he underwent the operation of perineal section. Judging from the scar the incision was made through the scrotum down to the anus. There is now only a line of cicatrix. About three years ago noticed a desire to pass water very frequently; also noticed some pain both before and after passing urine. Passed small particles about the size of rice, which were hard; also passed blood at intervals. Since then his condition has been steadily growing worse. He now can retain his urine at best only ten or fifteen minutes. Has great pain at times, which he locates both in the back passage and in penis. January 23d. Examination by Dr. Wood. Color smoky; specific gravity 1008; sediment, much; reac tion alkaline; albumen, large trace. Sediment: much pus; considerable blood; little triple phosphate; one epithelial cast seen; no large excess of bladder epithelium. January 24th. Dr. Porter passed No. 23 sound, and in the prostate the sound struck on a solid substance which gave the feeling of stone. Examination by rectum shows a dense, hard mass situated in the prostate. Seems to be immovable, and causes pain when pressed upon. The mass appears to be about as long as the finger. January 26th. Etherized. Dr. Porter tried to introduce a lithotrite with intention of crushing stone, but was unable to get into bladder. Patient then brought down into position for perineal section. A staff was introduced into urethra. A cut was then made into perinæum about four inches long downwards and outwards. Staff was exposed, and left lateral incision made through prostate. Attempts were made to seize the stone with forceps, but without success. The prostatic incision was enlarged, and another made on the right side in a corresponding manner, in other words, bilateral incision of the prostate. After several attempts the stone was firmly clasped by the forceps, and withdrawn. A canula was then inserted, and wound packed with sponges. This afternoon canula withdrawn, and bladder washed out thoroughly with hot phenyle. Weight of stone 1320 grains. January 27th. Patient very comfortable. Patient very comfortable. washed out with hot phenyle. January 28th. Wound doing well. January 29th. Patient has almost no appetite. Whiskey ss. every four hours. Pulse rather weak and 120. Complains of considerable pain over abdomen. Bladder January 30th. Complains of severe pain over abdomen, and especially over right side, extending up into chest. Has a sighing respiration, which at times is a moan. Amount of urine cannot be accurately estimated, but judging from the staining of sheets it would seem to be much diminished in last two days. Patient had poultices to side and over abdomen. Subcutaneous injections of morphia, grain one sixth, this morning, which gave some relief. At eleven A. M. had an ounce of brandy, and a half ounce repeated every half hour after twelve. About two P. M. was transferred to Ward D. Hot poultices and hot fomentations to side and over abdomen. At five brandy increased to 3vi. every hour. Throat dry and parched. Talks with difficulty. Lies in a sort of stupor. Moans, and can be aroused only with some difficulty. About nine P. M. had much trouble in taking stimulants. Brandy 3vi. Beef tea iii. given hourly by enema. The rest of the night grew weaker, and died Thursday morning at five A. M., five days after operation. The autopsy was made thirty-four hours after death by Dr. Fitz, who showed the urinary organs in continuity. He stated that the peritoneal cavity held several ounces of thick creamy pus. The peritonæum presented a moderate vascular injection, and the intestines held but little gas. The lumbar lymphatic glands were enlarged to the size of almonds, soft, gray, and injected; the afferent pelvic lymphatics contained an opaque yellow lymph. The bladder was firmly contracted, forming a dense, unyielding mass as large as the fist, in close apposition to the anterior wall of the pelvis, and nearly filling its cavity. The subperitoneal tissue over the fundus was abundantly fatty. On opening the bladder its cavity was found to be of the volume of a small peach. The walls varied in thickness from a half inch to more than an inch, and were incapable of distention, being largely composed of a dense fibrous tissue in which opaque yellow streaks were seen, suggestive of a fatty degenerated muscular wall. The mucous membrane was thickened and of a bluish slate color, with occasional small, shallow diverticula. A bilateral wound through the cervical portion of the bladder was continued into a perineo-urethral incision. The cut through the urinary tract was over two inches in length. The lips of the perineal opening were glued together, and the general surface of the wound was coated with opaque yellow patches, firmly adherent, and representing a superficial necrosis of its tissues. Both ureters, especially the left, were dilated, thickened, elongated, and tortuous. Each contained a considerable quantity of muco-purulent fluid. The right ureter was large as the fore-finger, the left of the size of the thumb. The renal pelves were moderately dilated, and were connected with sacculi the size of the finger tip. The mucous membrane of the pelves and ureters was thickened, rough, gray, somewhat translucent, and showed numerous varicose, injected bloodvessels. The kidneys were diminished at least one third in size. The capsules adherent, portions of the surface of the kidney being torn away with the former. The surface was irregularly lobulated, with gray, filmy patches. On section the cortex was atrophied, the tubular regions and Malpighian bodies indistinct. The alterations described were summarized as indicative of a diphtheritic perineal wound, lumbar lymphadenitis, and acute suppurative peritonitis, chronic cystitis and paracystitis, chronic pyelonephritis, with dilatation and hypertrophy of the ureters. DR. PORTER also reported a case of REMOVAL OF A FRAGMENT OF CATHETER FROM THE BLADDER. January 15th. William L. N., farmer, aged sixtyfour. Patient has an enlarged prostate, in consequence Chapter I. treats of Water; the quantities necessary of which he has been obliged to catheterize himself for the past six years, using for the purpose a soft rubber for its use by man; modes of collection, storage, and catheter. Sixteen hours ago, while inserting the in- distribution; its quality and impurities; modes of puristrument, it broke in the middle of the urethra, leav-fication; effects of insufficient and impure supply; its ing inside a piece five inches long. He immediately examination for hygienic purposes. II. Air; its imhis finger on the under side of the penis and felt purities and the diseases produced by them. III. Veuthe piece there, but on removing the finger it slipped tilation. IV. The Examination of Air. V. Food. VI. Its Quality, Choice, and Cooking. VII. Beverages into the bladder. and Condiments. VIII. Soils; their conditions, constitutions, and modes of examination. put He has no pain, but says that since the accident his urine has dribbled away constantly. Patient was etherized, and the bladder explored with a small lithotrite, but nothing was caught. A medium-sized lithotrite, with closely-fitting, finelyserrated blades, was then introduced, and after several attempts the instrument caught a small object that proved to be, when withdrawn, a little calculus the size of a pea. After a few more attempts The blades were the lithotrite seized the catheter. then locked, and an attempt was made to withdraw the instrument, after first moving it about to make sure that the wall of the bladder was not nipped. When the blades of the lithotrite reached the middle of the urethra they were held so firmly that it was almost impossible to move them. Externally there could be felt, just at the knee of the lithotrite, a large, irregular lump. In order to explore this and make sure that the wall of the urethra was not being pulled along in front of the catheter, the urethra was slit up on its under side for a distance of one inch. A director, being then introduced, felt, by the side of the lithotrite, the end of the broken catheter. Strong traction then brought out the lithotrite with the fragment of catheter caught, an inch and a quarter from its rounded end, The piece of catheter in the bend of the instrument. lay along the shank of the lithotrite, and just at its middle was a double fold which had been made by the hitching of the end of the catheter while passing through the prostatic part of the urethra; this was the explanation of the difficulty in withdrawing the instrument, and the large, irregular lump felt in the urethra. At the moment of withdrawing the catheter it broke at the point where it was grasped by the lithotrite. It proved to be a dry and brittle piece of No. 16 French (9 E.) catheter. A No. 12 English gum elastic catheter was then fastened in the bladder, and the patient put to bed, with a bottle and tube arranged to catch the urine. One stitch was taken in the cut on the under side of the Patient slept penis, and a little iodoform applied. comfortably all night, and had no further discomfort. The catheter was removed after forty-eight hours, and the patient discharged on the third day. His temperature rose to 100° F. on the morning of the second day and the evening of the third day, being 999 F. in the mean time. It was normal at the time of discharge. Accent Literature. A Manual of Practical Hygiene. By E. A. PARKES, The publishers of the Library of Standard Medical Authors have done a good service in issuing this excelleut manual in its present shape, thus popularizing a valuable work, and awakening a deeper interest in a branch of medicine too much neglected by the general practitioner. Volume II. contains a continuation of Book I. which treats of the following topics: Habitations; The Removal of Excreta; Warming of Houses; Exercise; Clothing; Climate; Meteorology; Individual Hygiene; Disposal of the Dead; The Prevention of Disease both Specific and Non-specific; Disinfection and Deodorization; The Value of Statistics. Book II. treats of Military Hygiene, the conditions under which recruits are admitted to service, the conditions under which the soldier is placed, the effect of military service, foreign service, military and naval, from the British stand-point. Due The American appendix to this volume is especially valuable as containing not only new material, but also matters peculiar to this side of the Atlantic. credit is given to Massachusetts for early and valuable work in the direction of Public Hygiene. The chapter on Water by Prof. E. Waller is quite full and complete. Professor Britten contributes a chapter on the Character and Distribution of American Soils. Dr. Dr. D. F. LiuJ. G. Richardson a valuable paper on the Climatology and Meteorology of the United States. coln treats of Ventilation and Warming. E. S. Philbrick contributes a clear and concise paper on Removal The paper on Food of House - Waste, illustrated. Adulteration, by Prof. E. G. Love, is especially valuable for its abstract of the legislation of such States as have enacted adulteration laws up to the present year. The New York law is quoted in full. Brief chapters follow on Disinfection, Vital Statistics, and Sanitary Inspection. A Manual of Pathology. By JOSEPH COATS, M. D. 1883. This manual was written with the idea of furnishing a work on pathology in English to replace that of Wilks and Moxon, which has become antiquated. It is well able manner. This is increased for the general pracup to the times and presents the subject in a very readtitioner by numerous allusions to the clinical bearing of the changes noticed. The importance which microorganisms play in disease is recognized, and a due place is given to their consideration and illustration. The work has not a great deal that is original beyond the illustrations, most of which were made especially for this work. The arrangement of the material is a very good one, and can be recommended to the a good exponent of the student and practitioner as modern condition of pathology, both general and special, in a volume of reasonable size. -An aged Welsh Druid was recently tried for burning the body of his child, but was discharged ou the ground that there was no law prohibiting it. REFORM OF MEDICAL SERVICE ON SHIPS. SOMEWHAT more than a year ago the British medical journals, as well as some of the daily newspapers, were vigorously agitating the question of the medical service on passenger vessels, largely incited thereto by the statements upon the existing conditions of Dr. J. A. Irwin, whose zeal and knowledge of the subject, resembling that of Mr. Plimsoll in regard to other marine abuses, enforced attention and carried conviction. It was expected that a measure for the improvement of the medical service on all British vessels would have been introduced into the British Parliament by the president of the Board of Trade before this. The subject, however, is one of the utmost importance to American travelers and immigrants, and indirectly in periods of epidemics as the recent one of small-pox -to the country at large, and it is very necessary that its proper regulation should be secured. so the present will prove both a difficult and desirable moment to introduce the proposed reforms. We all recall the perfunctory and even fraudulent methods of complying with the laws for the vaccination of immigrants on some vessels of some steamship lines coming to this country, but when one becomes acquainted with the obstacles and want of facilities or support under which the surgeons of these vessels labored, a large part of the indignation, then only too justly aroused, should be transferred in many instances from the surgeon to his employer, the Steamship Com DURING the earlier part of this century it was not uncommon for our medical graduates to finish their academic labors at the University of Edinburgh, which has just celebrated its tercentenary jubilee by conferring an honorary degree on Drs. Fordyce Barker and John S. Billings, beside a host of European celebrities. It is proper, therefore, to recall a few of the names that have made the University of Edinburgh illustrious in the annals of medicine and the kindred branches of learning. The University of Edinburgh, now one of the very largest in the world, and having more students than any other university except Paris, Berlin, and, perhaps, Vienna, was opened in 1583 as a At the Cleveland meeting of the American Medical town college created by and subject to the municipal Association a committee was appointed to consider the council of the Scotch capital. The medical departregulation of emigration by Congress. This commit- ment of the University began in 1726, although a protee recently drew up a bill, which was presented to fessor of botany had served since 1676, and Sir Robthe national House of Representatives last month by ert Sibbard was not only appointed Professor of General Slocum, and referred to the Committee on Physic in 1685, but received in the same year two unCommerce as an amendment to the Emigration Act of salaried assistants. In 1706 Sibbard advertised in last year. The bill will be found in full on another the Edinburgh Courant that he would teach natural page. Its passage and enforcement would reform history and the medical art in privatis collegiis, promany of the abuses which at present unquestionably vided applicants could bring satisfactory testimoniexist, and tend to place the marine medical service als as to their knowledge of Latin, Greek, mathematan extremely necessary department upon large passen-ics, and philosophy. The Independent College of Surger steamships upon a positively and relatively useful and suitable footing, which at present is notoriously not the case. The weak part of this bill is plainly the insufficient space prescribed for hospital accommodations. It may be that no more could be wrung from the cupidity of the owners of vessels, especially when it is at the same time demanded that the ship's surgeon, whose maximum pay has hitherto been only £9 or £10 per month and his position on a par with that of the chief steward or carpenter, should not only be provided with necessary assistants, but remunerated and treated as is the first officer or chief engineer, It is said that competition between competing lines and dullness in trade and emigration have brought about a cutting of rates" on ocean steamers similar to that with which we are familiar on our railroads. If 66 geons, which had received a patent in 1695, caused a Public Dissector of Anatomy" to be appointed in 1705. - But the medical department of the University owes its existence in part to the good sense of John Monro, a surgeon of King William's army, in part to four physicians Sinclair, Rutherford, Plummer, and Innes who, on their own petition, were appointed the Medical Faculty in 1726. The illustrious layman who helped nobly in this work was George Drummond, who founded the Royal Infirmary, opened in 1741. Meanwhile Alexander Monro had been appointed Professor of Anatomy in 1720, and may, perhaps, be called the father of the Edinburgh Medical School, because he made it famous by his Osteology, published in 1726, by his lectures, and by his son, who died in 1817 in the enjoyment of a European reputation |