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mortality was only four in twenty-one, while Professor Depaul gives sixteen deaths in twenty as the ordinary proportion in this malady.

The writer points out the infrequency with which infants weighing from 1600 to 1800 grammes are saved, in spite of most assiduous care, which of course cannot be given in a hospital as it could be in a well-to-do family in private life. Of the prematurely born in the foregoing table seventy-nine weighed less than 2000

tality of thirty-eight per cent; while in l'Hôpital Cochin in 1882 the mortality in children of this weight without a couveuse was sixty-six per cent.; in the Maternité, during the two years preceding the use of the couveuse, sixty-five per cent.

the juice of lemons and oranges for the cure of scurvy he thought worth narrating, and they still retain an interest for us. Some time in November, 1789, eighty Irish convicts came from Newfoundland in company with the ships returning from that station to England. These convicts to the number of 130 or 140 had been shipped at Dublin some time before. "The master of the vessel in which they sailed had orders to land or dispose of them somewhere in the territories of the United States of America. Instead however of fulfil-grammes. Of these forty-nine survived, giving a morling his contract with government and obeying orders," he received money from his prisoners for their liberty and then turned them on shore at Newfoundland, where many perished in the woods from hunger and fatigue, and the remainder were finally taken in charge by the naval commander on that station and returned to England, when they came under Dr. Trotter's care. But these extracts are all too few to give any adequate idea of the charm of his writings, or appreciation of his personality as revealed through them. As a naval hygienist he must have been far in advance of his age; the same number of the naval journal that contains the account of this interesting man contains also an account of thirty years' progress in our own navy, from which one may infer that all the improvements Dr. Trotter advocated have not yet been fully accomplished. We are reminded of Dr. John Brown's essay on Dr. Henry Marshall and Military Hygiene. Dr. Marshall and Dr. Trotter seem to have been singularly alike in their devotion to the private soldier and sailor, alike sanitarians before that word had an existence, alike in their devotion to their profession, and through it to our common humanity.

MEDICAL NOTES.

A very

-At a recent meeting of the Obstetrical Society of Edinburgh one of the speakers referred to the danger which, in his opinion, existed in the lying-in room from menstruation, saying that he believed he could trace certain cases of puerperal fever to want of proper cleanliness on the part of the nurse who happened to be menstruating at the time.

NEW YORK.

- Two brothers who died of typhoid fever within twenty-four hours of each other, at Schenectady, N. Y., were buried together on the 12th of March, and two other brothers are ill with the disease, which was caused by drinking water from a well into which a cess-pool drained. The well was ordered closed by the Board of Health. The city of Schenectady has as yet no system of sewers, and it is now proposed to have one constructed.

-Three cases of typhus fever were recently discovered in a down-town lodging house. On the 5th of March a tramp suffering from the disease was re

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Dr. Morris Longstreth, of Philadelphia, is deliv-moved from there to the Riverside Hospital, Blackering a course of lectures at the Lowell Institute, in well's Island, and on the 8th it was found that two Boston, on the Germ Theory of Disease. cases had become developed. They were also taken to the hospital. agreeable reception of medical men and others, to meet Dr. Longstreth, was held lately at the house of Dr. B. S. Shaw.

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-A meeting of registered drug clerks was held at the College of Pharmacy, March 11th, for the purpose of aiding in the enforcement of the pharmacy law, and the members of the association bound themselves to report to the chairman of the executive committee the names of all druggists known to them who employed unregistered clerks, or who were unregistered themselves, as well as the names of such unregistered

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York Board of Health, and now a member of the Orange County Board of Health, endeavored to show that in New York the number of still-births had in

creased out of proportion to the natural increase of population with the increased consumption of oleomargarine, the reported number in the year 1883 being 506 more than in 1876, and he attributed this to the benne and cotton-seed oil used in its manufacture. He and other physicians testified to the injurious effects of nitric acid, also used in making it; but rebutting testimony was brought forward to the effect that in the diluted manner in which this was employed it was not injurious. It was also stated that boiled pork, which requires one hour and forty-five minutes longer, and boiled beef suet, which requires two hours longer to digest than melted butter, were the two principal

ingredients of oleomargarine.

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when first seen; but in the latter case the ulcerative process may have been going on for years.

Although this disease is very rare it is undoubtedly occasionally met with and mistaken for epithelioma. It is, however, quite distinct from cancerous disease, for throughout its course the uterus remains free and movable and the glands are not affected. The disease is characterized by discomfort and a burning sensation, but there is little or no actual pain. Hæmorrhage is unimportant; but there is a more or less constant white or brownish discharge, which is very fetid. amination shows a small ulcer on the uterine lip, which gradually enlarges, eating away the underlying tissue until the cervix is excavated, as in cancer.

Ex

Of Dr. Williams's three cases, one died at an advanced age with hemiplegia; another of uræmia; She has been married twice, and contemplates a third while the third is still alive, healthy and well-nourished. union, which goes to show that the "corroding ulcer" per se is neither fatal to life or happiness. In the case of the patient dying of uræmia from kidney disease, an autopsy was made. As already stated, there were none of the characteristic conditions met with in cancer present. Microscopic examination showed nothing different from what is found in ordinary ulcer. There was a small cell-probably inflammatory — infiltra

tion.

- Dr. E. H. Bartley, chemist to the Brooklyn Board of Health, has made a report to that body in regard to the "rock-and-rye drops," which, although flavored with fusel oil, are constantly sold at the candy shops in large quantities to school children, and in it he says: In some of these candies the oil is not thoroughly mixed or diffused, and occasionally a goodsized cavity is filled with fusel oil. Estimating that a child may buy and eat a half pound of this candy, containing 5.7 grains of the oil, it will be seen that it will take the maximum dose for an adult, and will Another case he concluded was that of slowly proprobably experience distinct symptoms, such as diz-gressing senile gangrene, for the arteries, especially ziness, headache, or even slight intoxication. A fatal dose of fusel oil is stated by the best authorities to be from 1.4 to 1.6 grammes, or the quantity found in two pounds of this candy.

- Dr. H. T. Hanks has devised a combined daybook and ledger for physicians (published by J. H. Vail & Co.), which, on account of its extreme simplicity, will, no doubt, prove a god-send to the busy practitioner who keeps his own books. On account of this simplicity its plan is certainly preferable to any of the methods now in use among the profession, and it has the additional advantage of rendering it possible to keep at the same time an exact record of all charges and payments, complete in the minutest detail, as well as to continue the account from year to year without reëntering, so that there is no waste of space. The author's claim to have arranged in this book the most exact and labor-saving system of bookkeeping ever devised for the use of the physician would seem, therefore, to be a substantial one.

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In one case there was some hypertrophy, with formation of nodules around the margin of the ulcer. Dr. Williams considers that this case was one of lupus.

the iliacs, had undergone calcareous degeneration and broke down under the fingers. This disease was described many years ago by Sir Charles, and his brother John, Clark. Since then little has been written about it.

The President, Dr. Gervis, thought that Dr. Williams had established the existence of such a disease as corroding ulcer of the os uteri, and that it was of great importance to distinguish it clinically from cancer in regard to the prognosis.

he could remember several cases which at the time Dr. Priestly, looking back over his practice, thought were considered cancer, but which were undoubtedly corroding ulcers.

Dr. Matthews Duncan had had a large experience, and had been studying the subject for years, but he was bound to confess that he had never seen a single case of corroding ulcer. He believed that without doubt the conditions which Dr. Williams had described were nothing else than lupus. A number of other prominent members took part in the discussion.

For my own part I do not see that Dr. Williams has established that "corroding ulcer" is entitled to be considered as a distinct disease, but rather as a generic name for all destructive ulcerations of the cervix. Dr. Williams used the word "malignant" in his paper, and afterwards explained that he meant by that term merely that the disease was not curable.

Emmet, in his very scanty remarks on this subject, considers that corroding ulcer is malignant in the usual sense of the word, but as no histological description of the condition is given, one might well imagine that he was dealing with carcinoma uteri pure and simple.

All the German authorities which I have consulted refer to Clark's original paper, and declare that if such a condition - distinct from cancroid or carcinoma —

exists it must be extremely rare; and more than one suggests that the English observers may have mistaken the disease for certain conditions of the above or lupus.

either require an examination for admission similar to the one required by this Society or make the full three years' graded course of study obligatory for graduation therefrom, and otherwise endeavor to elevate the standard of medical education.

The discussion of the cold-bath treatment of enteric fever, which recently occupied two evenings of the "That this Society requests the Ohio State Medical London Medical Society, excited much interest, and, Society to adopt the foregoing schedule of requireas Dr. Broadbent said, marks an epoch in the treatments and to use its influence to secure legislation makment of that disease. The sense of the Society was ing the same obligatory upon persons entering their decidedly in favor of the bath, pack, or sponging, and names as students of medicine in the State of Ohio." the statistics collected by Dr. Coupland and others seemed to justify this.

A surgical ward has been opened in the children's department at Dorset House branch of the Samaritan Hospital, and placed under the care of Mr. W. A.

Meredith.

Last week Mr. Meredith removed a sarcomatous kidney from a girl four years old. The tumor, which extended from above the ensiform cartilage down into the pelvis, on the right side, was first noticed by the patient's mother four weeks ago. Since then it has rapidly enlarged. The contents of the tumor was soft and almost diffluent, so that in removing the mass it was considerably broken up. The whole weighed two and a half pounds. The child died of septicemia on the third day, and at the autopsy the lungs were found to be studded with secondary sarcomatous deposits.

Mr. Skene Keith has resigned his position as assistant surgeon to the Samaritan Hospital, and will, I understand, return to Edinburgh.

Permit me a non-professional word in closing. It is the general opinion of Americans here that the Longfellow bust recently placed in Westminster Abbey is a worthy tribute to America's greatest poet. The likeness is excellent. Lord Granville was overheard by a friend of mine to remark, when the bust was unveiled, "If my mother had given me such a head as that I might have been a poet too."

Yours truly,

Miscellany.

W. P. M.

THE OHIO STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY AND MEDICAL EDUCATION.

THE Trumbull County (Ohio) Medical Society has issued a circular addressed to the "Members of the medical profession interested in the elevation of the standard of preliminary education," proposing a list of subjects in which all applicants for admission as students of medicine under the tuition of members of the State Society should be required to pass before a board of Medical Examiners appointed by the State Society. The schedule of subjects for examination is the same as that laid down in a resolution by the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania in 1878, and adopted in 1883.

At the meeting of the Trumbull County Medical Society called to consider this subject, the following resolutions, among others, were adopted : :

"That no member of this Society shall receive any person as a student of medicine unless he present a favorable certificate from the Board of Medical Examiners. "That the time of study required by members of this Society shall be five (5) years, including lectures.

That members of this Society shall recommend their students to attend only such medical colleges as

HYDATID CYST OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL. A CASE is reported in L'Union Médicale (17th February, 1884) of a somewhat unusual character, occurring in the service of M. Polaillon. The patient, aged sixteen, printer, had had no history of previous illuess except a fall from a third story a year before, which had left no mark, but which had been followed in a month by the first development of the present tumor. The swelling was situated in the right iliac fossa; had always been painless except that for the few days before he came under observation there had been a little discomfort. In July, 1883, he entered the hospital with an ovoid tumor in the right iliac fossa, having its long axis parallel with the inguinal fold, non-reducible, fluctuating, and of the size of a cocoa-nut. The skin was healthy and movable. The growth seemed to occupy the thickness of the abdominal wall. The good health of the patient and the absence of any sign of bone disease made an abscess seem improbable. There was, moreover, a sonorous zone between the tumor and the liver, and there was none of that peculiar quiver on percussion which is supposed to characterize hydatid of the liver. The tumor was aspirated, giving a clear, serous, slightly yellowish, urine-like fluid, which showed, under the microscope, red and some white globules. No hooklets, but a little shred of membrane resembling that of a hydatid cyst. A few days after the puncture the patient left the hospital, but the fluid began to accumulate again, and he returned August 15th with the tumor as large as ever. A second puncture gave a fluid which showed a few hooklets. The diagnosis was then made of hydatid cyst of the abdominal wall. A free incision was made, and the cavity washed with carbolic solution, one to twenty. Two days later there was some headache, but no local pain, and but little fever. Suppuration ensued, and the pus accumulated in the sac to the size of a foetal head. August 28th another incision of three centimetres was made, and pus flowed. Drainage and Lister dressing were used. The carbolic irrigation was repeated every two days. Occasionally the washing brought away shreds of membrane. The suppuration was moderate, and the health excellent.

During September and early October the cavity did not close, but the patient felt well, and was up daily. October 18th he was suddenly seized with pain in the iliac fossa, and the next day there was found, engaged in the orifice, a large, thick, hydatid membrane. Attempts to withdraw it by forceps tore it, but compression on the abdominal walls brought it out entire. was followed by a gush of thick, greenish, and fetid pus. The membrane expelled was white, two to three millimetres thick; it formed an oval sac as big as a foetal head. It was made up of layers of transparent, structureless, lamelliform substance like the fragments

It

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Deaths reported 2531 (no reports from Chicago, Cincinnati, and Milwaukee): under five years of age, 862: principal infectious diseases (small-pox, measles, diphtheria and croup, whooping-cough, erysipelas, fevers, and diarrhoeal diseases) 434, consumption 404, lung diseases 387, diphtheria and croup 138, scarlet fever 59, diarrhoeal diseases 45, measles 42, typhoid fever 41, malarial fevers 23, cerebro-spinal meningitis 21, smallpox 20, whooping-cough 19, erysipelas 13, puerperal fever 13. From measles, Baltimore 15, New York and New Orleans eight each, District of Columbia four, Brooklyn three, Nashville two, Philadelphia and Lawrence one each. From typhoid fever, Phil adelphia 21, New York five, Boston three, District of Columbia, Pittsburg, Worcester, and Westborough two each, Brooklyn, Baltimore, Lawrence, and Merrimac one each. From malarial fevers, Brooklyn seven, New York six, Baltimore four, New Orleans three, St. Louis two, Philadelphia one. From cerebrospinal meningitis, New York and Lowell three each, Lawrence two, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, St. Louis, New Orleans, Worcester, Cambridge, Springfield, New Bedford, Taunton, Melrose, Dedham, and North Andover one each From smallpor, New Orleans 19, Pittsburg one. From whooping-cough, New York five, Boston three, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Baltimore, New Orleans, and District of Columbia two each, Gloucester one. From erysipelas Brooklyn five, New York four, Philadelphia three, Boston one. From puerperal fever, New York and Philadelphia three each, Brooklyn two, Boston, Baltimore, St. Louis, Nashville, and Newburyport one each.

Two cases of small-pox were reported in St. Louis; scarlet

fever 53, diphtheria 30, typhoid fever 17, and measles one in Boston; measles 16, scarlet fever six, and diphtheria five in Providence.

In 101 cities and towns of Massachusetts, with an estimated population of 1,428,666 (estimated population of the State 1,955,104), the total death-rate for the week was 17.07 against 20.31 and 18.00 for the previous two weeks.

In the 28 greater towns of England and Wales, with an estimated population of 8,762,354, for the week ending March 1st, the death-rate was 20.3. Deaths reported 3417 acute diseases of the respiratory organs (London) 334, whooping-cough 121, measles 87, scarlet fever 75, fever 40, diarrhoea 37, diphtheria 29, small-pox (London eight, Sunderland six, Birmingham two, Liverpool and Sheffield one each) 18. The deathrates ranged from 12.1 in Norwich to 29.5 in Manchester; Birkenhead 15.5; Leicester 16.9; London 19.3; Leeds 20.1; Birmingham 21.4; Blackburn 21.7; Sheffield 21.9; Bristol 22.3; Nottingham 23.1; Liverpool 23.3; Sunderland 23.7. In Edinburgh 20.1; Glasgow 27.7; Dublin 25.7.

For the week ending March 1st, in the Swiss towns, there were 33 deaths from lung diseases, consumption 28, diarrhoeal diseases 27, typhoid fever nine, diphtheria and croup six, whooping-cough five, measles, scarlet fever, and puerperal fever each one. The death-rates were, at Geneva 24.5; Zurich 17.7; Basle 12.4; Berne 27.8.

The meteorological record for the week ending March 15th, in Boston, was as follows, according to observations furnished by Sergeant O. B. Cole, of the U. S. Signal Corps :

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1 O., cloudy; C., clear; F., fair; G., fog; H., hazy; S., snow; R., rain; T., threatening.

OBITUARY. DR. L. P. YANDELL.

DR. L. P. YANDELL, of Louisville, Ky., Editor of the Louisville Medical News, and an incumbent successively of chairs of Materia Medica and the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Louisville, has recently died at the age of forty-seven. He was of a family of note in the medical profession in the South, and leaves a brother, Dr. David W. Yandell.

OFFICIAL LIST OF CHANGES OF OFFICERS SERVING IN THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES ARMY, FROM MARCH 15, 1884, TO MARCH 21, 1884.

BACHE, DALLAS, major and surgeon. Leave of absence still further extended seven days. Paragraph 1, S. O. 50, headquarters Department of the East, March 14, 1884.

MATTHEWS, WASHINGTON, captain and assistant surgeon.

43.25 78.00

gulation, Suffocation. By Charles Meymott Tidy, M. B., F. C. S., etc. Philadelphia: Henry C. Lea's Son & Co. 1884. Spinal Irritation. Probable Cerebral Origin of the Symptoms sometimes classed under this Head. By G. L. Walton, M. D. (Reprint.) 1884.

Neglect of Ear Symptoms in the Diagnosis of Diseases of the Nervous System. By G. L. Walton, M. D. Boston. (Reprint.)

Thirtieth Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Taunton for the Year ending September 30, 1883. Boston. 1884.

Report of the Memorial Meeting of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia in Honor of Dr. J. Marion Sims. Held November 21, 1883. (Reprint.)

Excerpts from Prof. Hugo Schulz's Treatise on Eucalyptus Oil. Translated and Supplemented by Baron Sir Ferd. von Mueller, K. C. M. G., etc., Government Botanist in Victoria. (Reprint from Australasian Medical Gazette for 1883.) Sidney. 1883.

Heteroplastik. Van Dr. L. von Lesser, Privatdocenten der Chi Ueber das Verhalten des Catgut im Organismus und über

To be relieved from duty in the Department of the Missouri,
and to report in person to the Surgeon-General of the Army
for duty in his office. Paragraph 12, S. O. 62, A. G. O., Marchrurgie in Leipzig.

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BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS RECEIVED. - A Companion to the United States Pharmacopoeia, being a Commentary on the Latest Edition of the Pharmacopoeia, and containing the Descriptions, Properties, Uses, and Doses of all Official and Numerous Unofficial Drugs and Preparations in Current Use in the United States, etc. Designed as a Ready Reference Book or Pharmacists, Physicians, and Students. With over 650 Original Illustrations by Oscar Oldberg, Phar. D., and Otto A. Wall, M. D., Ph. G. New York: William Wood & Co. 1884.

Legal Medicine. Vol. II. Legitimacy and Paternity, Pregnancy, Abortion, Rape, Indecent Exposure, Sodomy, Bestiality, Live Birth, Infanticide, Asphyxia, Drowning, Hanging, Stran

Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. Nineteenth Annual Meeting. Catskill Mountains. 1883. New York Published by the Society. 1883. What Shall We Name It? A Dictionary of Baptismal Names for Children. New York: John C. Stockwell. Year-Books of Medical Progress. A Year-Book of Therapeutics for 1883. Edited by Royal W. Amidon, M. D. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1884.

A Short Manual for Monthly Nurses. By Charles G. Culling. worth, M. D. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston, Son & Co.

1884.

Manual for Practitioners and Students in Medicine. By AmA Practical Treatise on Surgical Diagnosis. Designed as a vised, Enlarged, and profusly Illustrated. New York: William brose L. Ranney, A. M., M. D. Third Edition, thoroughly Re

Wood & Co. 1884.

Aural Complications of Inflammatory Conditions of the Nose and Throat. By Beverley Robinson, M. D. (Reprint.)

Hygienic Institutes, the Utility of their Work of Investigation, and the Need of it in this Country. By Prof. George A. Smyth, M. D.

Report of Special Committee on the Sanitary Condition of the School-Houses of the City of Lynn, December, 18 83.

Clinical History of Recurrent Dropsy of the Left Middle Ear, Complicated, after Eight Years' Duration, by an Acute Attack of Monocular Optic Neuritis (Choked Disk) on the same Side, followed by General Tabetic Symptoms. With Remarks. By Charles H. Burnett, A. M., M. D., and Charles A. Oliver, A. M., M. D. (Reprint.)

Elements of Pharmacy, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics. By William Whilta, M. D. (Q. U. I.). With Lithographs and Wood-Cuts. Second Edition. London: Henry Renshaw, 356 Strand. 1884.

A Text-Book of the Principles of Physics. By Alfred Daniell, M. A., Lecturer of Physics School of Medicine, Edinburgh. London: Macmillan & Co. 1884.

The Diseases of Children. A Hand-Book for Practitioner and Students. By Armand Semple, B. A., M. B. Cantab., M. R. C. P. London. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1884.

11.23 P. M.

Duration.

Hrs, & Min.

Amount in

inches.

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