§ 1941. Judgment.

Where the judgment is in favor of the plaintiff, it must determine the sum remaining unpaid upon the original judgment; and it may be docketed, and an execution may be issued thereupon, as if it was a judgment for the sum so remaining unpaid, and the costs, if any. Costs must be awarded, as if the action was brought upon the original contract, and the sum so remaining unpaid had been recovered therein. From Co. Proc. § 380.

§ 1942. Joint debtors may compound separately. Mode and effect.

A joint debtor may make a separate composition with his creditor, as prescribed in this section. Such a composition discharges the debtor making it; and him only. The creditor must execute to the compounding debtor a release of the indebtedness, or other instrument exonerating him therefrom. A member of a partnership cannot thus compound for a partnership debt, until the partnership has been dissolved by consent or otherwise. In that case the instrument must release or exonerate him, from all liability incurred by reason of his connection with the partnership. An instrument specified in this section, does not impair the creditor's right of action against any other joint debtor, or his right to take any proceeding against the latter; unless an intent to release or exonerate him appears affirmatively upon the face thereof.

From ch. 257 of 1838, §§ 1 and 5, and part of § 2, as amended by ch. 348 of 1845 (4 Edm. 450).

§ 1943. Satisfying judgment.

An instrument specified in the last section, is deemed a satisfactionpiece, for the purpose of discharging. as prescribed in section 1260 of this act, the docket of a judgment, recovered upon an indebtedness released or discharged thereby, as far as the judgment affects the compounding debtor. Where the docket of a judgment is discharged thereupon, a special entry must be made upon the docket, to the effect, that the judgment is satisfied, as to the compounding debtor only.

From Id., remainder of § 2, as amended by ch. 348 of 1845.
See § 1260.

§ 1944. Rights of the debtors not released.

Where a joint debtor has thus compounded, a joint debtor, who has not compounded, may make any defence or counter-claim, or have any other relief, as against the creditor, to which he would have been entitled. if the composition had not been made. He may require the compounding debtor to contribute his ratable proportion of the joint debt, or of the partnership debts, as the case may be, as if the latter had not been discharged.

From Id., §§ 3 and 4.

§ 1945. Action against persons engaged in transportation.

In an action brought against one or more persons, engaged, as a ioint-stock association, partnership, or otherwise, in the periodical transportation of passengers or property, an objection, to any of the proceedings, cannot be taken by a person properly made a defendant, on the ground that the plaintiff has joined with him, as a defendant, a person not jointly engaged with him in that business, or on the ground that the plaintiff has failed so to join with him a person so jointly engaged, unless the persons so engaged have, at least thirty days before the commencement of the action. filed in the clerk's office of each county, in which they transport passengers or property, a statement

showing the names of all of them. A statement so filed, is conclusive, for the purposes specified in this section, as against the persons filing it, until thirty days after filing, in like manner, a new statement showing a change of interest.

From ch. 385 of 1836, §§ 1-3 (4 Edm. 621).

§ 1946. When partner not sued remains liable. Where, for any cause, one or more partners have not been joined as defendants in an action upon a partnership liability, and final judgment has been taken against the persons made defendants therein, the plaintiff, if the judgment remains unsatisfied, may maintain a separate action upon the same demand, against each omitted partner, setting forth in the complaint the facts specified in this section, as well as the facts constituting his cause of action upon the demand.

From Co. Proc. § 136, sub. 4.

§ 1947. Continuance of partnership business, during action for accounting, etc.

In an action brought to dissolve a partnership, or for an accounting between partners, or affecting the continued prosecution of the business, the court may, in its discretion, by order, authorize the partnership business to be continued, during the pendency of the action by one or more of the partners, upon their executing and filing with the clerk an undertaking, in such a sum and with such sureties as the order prescribes, to the effect that they will obey all orders of the court, in the action, and perform all things which the judgment therein requires them to perform. The court may impose such other conditions, as it deems proper, and may in its discretion at any time thereafter require a new undertaking to be given. The court may also ascertain the value of the partnership property, and of the interest of the respective partners by a reference or otherwise, and may direct an accounting between any of the partners; and the judgment may make such provision for the payment to the retiring partners, for their interest, and with respect to the rights of creditors, the title to the partnership property, and otherwise, as justice requires, with or without the appointment of a receiver, or a sale of the partnership property.

CHAPTER XVI.

Actions in Behalf of the People, and Special Proceedings Instituted, in their Behalf, by State Writ.

TITLE

I.-Actions in behalf of the people.

TITLE II.-Special proceedings instituted by state writ.

TITLE I.

Actions in behalf of the people.

ARTICLE 1. Action against the usurper of an office or franchise.

2. Action to vacate letters patent.

3. Action for a fine, penalty, or forfeiture, or upon a forfeited recognizance.

4. Certain actions, founded upon the spoliation, or other misappropria-
tion of public property.

5. Action to recover property escheated, or forfeited for treason.
6. Miscellaneous provisions, relating to actions, etc., in behalf of the
people.

ARTICLE FIRST.

Action against the Usurper of an Office or Franchise.

SEC. 1948. Attorney-general may maintain action.

1949. Proceedings when complaint names rightful incumbent.

1950. Action triable by jury.

1951. Assumption of office by person entitled.

1952. Proceedings to obtain books and papers.

1953. Damages; how recovered.

1954. One action against several persons.

1955. When injunction may be granted.

1956. Final judgment in action for usurping office, etc.

§ 1948. Attorney-general may maintain action. The attorney-general may maintain an action. upon his own information, or upon the complaint of a private person, in either of the following cases:

1. Against a person who usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises, within the State, a franchise, or a public office, civil or military, or an office in a domestic corporation.

2. Against a public officer, civil or military, who has done or suffered an act which by law works a forfeiture of his office.

3. Against one or more persons who act as a corporation, within the State, without being duly incorporated; or exercise, within the State, any corporate rights, privileges, or franchises, not granted to them by the law of the State.

4. Against a foreign corporation which exercises within the State any corporate rights, privileges or franchises, not granted to it by the law of this State; or which within the State has violated any provision of law, or, contrary to law, has done or omitted any act, or has exercised a privilege or franchise, not conferred upon it by the law 01 is State, where, in a similar case, a domestic corporation would, in accordance with section seventeen hundred and ninety-eight of this act. be liable to an action to. vacate its charter and to annul its existence; or which exercises within the State any corporate rights, privileges or franchises in a manner contrary to the public policy of the State.

From Co. Proc. § 432; 2 R. S. 581, Part 3, ch. 9, tit. 2, § 28 (2 Edm. 603), and 2 R. S. 462, Part 3, ch. 8, tit. 4, § 31.

Sub. 4 added by ch. 962 of 1896.

§ 1949. Proceedings when complaint names rightful incumbent.

In an action, brought as prescribed in the last section, for usurping, intruding into, unlawfully holding, or exercising an office, the attorneygeneral, besides stating the cause of action in the complaint, may, in his discretion, set forth therein the name of the person rightfully entitled to the office, and the facts showing his right thereto; and thereupon, and upon proof, by affidavit, that the defendant, by means of his usurpation or intrusion has received any fees or emoluments belonging to the office, an order to arrest the defendant may be granted by the court, or a judge. The provisions of title first of chapter seventh of this act apply to such an order. and the proceedings thereupon and subsequent thereto, except where special provision is otherwise made in this title. For that purpose, the order is deemed to have been made as prescribed in section 549 of this act Judgment may be rendered upon the right of the defendant, and of the party so alleged to be entitled; only upon the right of the defendant, as justice requires.

From Co. Proc. §§ 435 and 436; 2 R. S. 582, §§ 30 and 31 (2 Edm. 603).

§ 1950. Action triable by jury.

An action, brought as prescribed in this article, is triable, of course and of right. by a jury, in like manner as if it was an action specified in section 968 of this act, without procuring an order, as prescribed in section 970 of this act.

§ 1951. Assumption of office by person entitled.

Where final judgment is rendered upon the right and in favor of the person so alleged to be entitled, he may, after taking the oath of office. and giving an official bond, as prescribed by law, take upon himself the execution of the office. He must, immediately thereafter, demand of the defendant in the action, delivery of all the books and papers in the custody, or under the control, of the defendant, belonging to the office from which the defendant has been so excluded.

From Co. Proc. § 437; 2 R. S. 582, § 32 (2 Edm. 603).

§ 1952. Proceedings to obtain books and papers.

If the defendant refuses or neglects to deliver any of the books or papers, demanded as prescribed in the last section, he is guilty of a misdemeanor and the same proceedings must be taken, to compel the delivery thereof as are now or shall hereafter be prescribed by law

where a person who has held an office refuses or neglects to deliver the official books or papers to his successor.

From Co. Proc. § 438, and 2 R. S. 582, § 33 (2 Edm. 604).

§ 1953. Damages; how recovered.

Where a final judgment has been rendered, upon the right and in favor of the person so alleged to be entitled, he may recover, by action, against the defendant, the damages which he has sustained, in consequence of the defendant's usurpation, intrusion into, unlawful holding, or exercise of the office.

From Co. Proc. § 439; 2 R. S. 582, §§ 34-38 (2 Edm. 604).
Am'd by ch. 399 of 1884.

§ 1954. One action against several persons.

Where two or more persons claim to be entitled to the same office or franchise, the attorney-general may bring the action against all, to determine their respective rights thereto.

From Co. Proc. § 440; 2 R. S. 584, § 45 (2 Edm. 606).

§ 1955. When injunction may be granted.

In an action brought as specified in subdivisions third or fourth of section nineteen hundred and forty-eight of this act. the final judgment in favor of the plaintiff must perpetually restrain the defendant or defendants from the commission or continuance of the act or acts complained of. A temporary injunction to restrain the commission or continuance thereof may be granted, upon proof, by affidavit, that the defendant or defendants have violated any of the provisions of either of the said subdivisions third or fourth of section nineteen hundred and forty-eight of this act. The provisions of title second of chapter seventh of this act apply to such a temporary injunction, and the proceedings thereupon, except where provision is otherwise made in this title. For that purpose, the injunction order is deemed to have been granted as prescribed in section six hundred and three of this act. In the trial of an action brought as prescribed in subdivisions third or fourth of section nineteen hundred and forty-eight of this act, a party or a witness is not excused from answering a question on the ground that such answer will tend to incriminate him; but such answer cannot be used as evidence against the person so answering, in a criminal action or criminal proceeding.

From 2 R. S. 462, Part 3, ch. 8, tit. 4, §§ 31 and 32 (2 Edm. 482).
Am'd by ch. 963 of 1896.

§ 1956. Final judgment in action for usurping office, etc. In any other action, brought as prescribed in this article, where a defendant is adjudged to be guilty of usurping or intruding into, or unlawfully holding or exercising, an office, franchise, or privilege, final judgment must be rendered, ousting and excluding him therefrom, and in favor of the people or the relator, as the case requires, for the costs of the action. As a part of the final judgment, the court may in its discretion, also award, that the defendant, or, where there are two or more defendants, that one or more of them, pay to the people a fine, not exceeding two thousand dollars. The judgment for the fine may be docketed, and execution may be issued thereupon, in favor of the people, as if it had been rendered in an action to recover the fine. The fine, when collected, must be paid into the treasury of the State. From Co. Proc. § 441; 2 R. S. 585, § 48 (2 Edm. 606).