Dr. Tappan withdrew and the resolution was at once passed, as well as a number of others, making extensive changes in the faculty. The board was on the very eve of dissolution. Their duties closed December 31, 1863, and their action was all the more spiteful and malicious, that, at the very last moment, actuated almost entirely by personal motives, they removed from office him who had done so much for the university, him who had founded a college and created a university, who, with constant care, had nourished and protected the interests committed to him until he could well say:

This matter belongs to history; the pen of history is held by Almighty Justice and I fear not the record it will make of my conduct, whether private or public, in relation to the affairs of the university..

The pen of history can find no easier task than to write in commendation of an administration, the propelling power of which is still felt in the whole mechanism of the university. The traditions of an institution, which, though young in years, is old in achievement, cherish the memory of its first president with a tenacity and a reverence that insure continuous devotion and place beyond peradventure the seal of permanent approval on his work.

At the same meeting of the board Erastus O. Haven, D. D., was made professor of rhetoric and English literature and president of the university.

The removal of Dr. Tappan caused a great deal of excitement and engendered controversies without, which had their agitating effect ou the next administration. There is no need, however, of detailing here the disturbance which ensued. Townspeople and students and alumni and citizens of the State who were interested in the university and who appreciated how the president had found the university of brick and left it of marble, all arose in opposition, the alumni going so far as to publish an address to the citizens of Michigan, which set forth in plain terms the ignorance, malice, and discourtesy of the board.1

When Dr. Tappan closed his official career, after years of service, the literary department had more than quadrupled the number of students it had on his accession to office; the medical department had 250 students; the law school 134. The total attendance was 652, and the university was recognized on both sides of the Atlantic as a great and worthy school of liberal learning.2

In 1874, and again in 1876, the board of regents passed resolutions commendatory in the highest degree of Dr. Tappan's efforts in behalf of the university, attributing to him the honor of " organizing and constructing this institution of learning upon the basis from which its present prosperity has grown," and repealing and withdrawing "any censure, expressed or implied, contained in the resolutions which severed his connection with the university." And so official action echoes the verdict of memory and tradition.

1 History of the University of Michigan, Farrand, p. 158.

"University of Michigan, Semicentennial, p. 174. From President Angell's oration.

One of the great difficulties in the management of university interests. had been that all the members of the board were elected at the same time and for the same term. But in 1863 a system of election was begun which is still in vogue and which has proved successful in obviating the evil which complete rotation in office is sure to cause. Eight regents were then elected. Two for two years, two for four years, two for six years, and two for eight. Elections have been held every two years since that time for the choosing of two regents, whose terms are of eight years' duration.

CHAPTER VII.

PRESIDENT HAVEN'S ADMINISTRATION.

President Haven was inaugurated October 1, 1863. His position was necessarily an embarrassing one, for the smoke of the battle had not yet cleared away, and he seemed at times to be enveloped in its folds so thoroughly that all outlook was cut off, and he could only await a lifting of the cloud. A history of his administration must have this fact remaining as its undercurrent. It will be seen that President Haven's administration was far from a.failure, and yet it was not to be expected that it would be completely successful in all respects, troubled as he was by a feeling of insecurity and the consciousness that his every action was subject to severe criticism by a portion of the board for some time, and during his whole administration by a goodly number of persons in the State who were anxious to visit the sins of the last board upon him who had received office at its hands. The efforts to reinstate Dr. Tappan will not be recounted here. Suffice it to say that they were not successful, and that they proved only the prevailing admiration for the man and his work. President Haven's conduct toward those opposed to him and in favor of his predecessor won by its frankness and its gentleness. He was devoid of petty jealousies and smallness. Working steadily for what he considered the highest and best, with a true regard for the interests of the institution committed to his charge, he had a successful administration of 6 years at a critical period in the history of the university. Had he been less tactful, less generous, less devoted to high aims and duties, less imbued with Christian principle, his administration would, without doubt, have redounded but little to his credit, while the consequences to the university would have been disastrous.1

course.

1 Erastus Otis Haven was born in Boston November 1, 1820. His father was a Metho. dist clergyman. The family lived for some time at Falmouth, on Cape Cod. The boy secured the best education possible from the intermediate schools, and in 1838 entered Wesleyan University and received the degree of A. B. at the end of a 4 years' He began teaching as the principal of a private academy at Sudbury, Mass., but in September, 1843, he became professor of natural science in Amenia Seminary, Dutchess County, N. Y. In 1846, after 3 years of successful teaching in that position, he became principal of the academy. In 1848 he left his position to connect himself with the New York Conference of the Methodist Church. He continued in pastoral work until 1853, when he accepted a call to the professorship of Latin in the University of Michigan. In 1854 he was transferred to the chair of history and English literature, and he was this year honored with the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Union

Prediction had not been wanting that the university would go to ruin under the new administration. The fall of 1863, however, saw more students enrolled than ever before.

In 1864 the new board of regents at their first meeting considered the necessities of the medical department, which was crowded for room. But the university was unable to find the funds for erecting an addition. The citizens of Ann Arbor again generously responded to the calls for assistance and gave $10,000, raised by a general tax upon city property. An addition was then made to the medical building at the cost of $20,000. The laboratory and the observatory were also enlarged in the next few years, and the professor's house, occupying the northeast portion of the campus, was given to the medical department. The number of students in various years of President Haven's administration well indicates the prosperity of the institution. In 1866'67 there were in the medical department alone 525 students, a larger number than was in attendance during the year 1888-'89. There were 395 in the law department, while in 1868-69 the students in the literary department reached the number of 422. In 1863–64 there were altogether 856 students in the university; three years later there were 1,255.1

And yet this very increase in the number of students had, as usual, its accompanying embarrassments. The university was in need of money to provide for more instruction and to erect and care for the necessary buildings. Moreover, prices, advanced by the war, had reached such a pitch that the salary of $1,500, which had seemed amply remunerative College. Professor Haven had already appeared before the reading world in published addresses and speeches. In 1856 he published a book entitled "The Young Man Advised." He resigned his position in the university in this year and took the editorship of Zion's Herald, a Methodist newspaper published in Boston. During part of the time he was in charge of the paper he had also a church at Malden. From 1856 to 1863 he was a member of the Massachusetts State board of education and of the State board of overseers of Harvard College. In 1862 and 1863 he was a member of the Massachusetts senate and chairman of the committee on education. In 1863 he became president of the University of Michigan. His work in this office is given in the text. In 1866 he published a series of sermons on the decalogue under the name of "The Pillars of Truth." In 1869 he resigned his position as president. In the autumn of that year he assumed the presidency of Northwestern University, at Evanston, Ill. He published at this time a school rhetoric, which has had high commendation. He gave up his position as president of Northwestern University in 1872 and became at once secretary of the board of education of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1874 he was elected to the chancellorship of Syracuse University, and in 1880 the General Conference at Cincinnati created him bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His official residence was assigned to San Francisco. He had for some time been in failing health, and was unable for some weeks before his death to perform the duties of his office. He died August 2, 1881. He was a man of sound learning and broad sympathies. His career as educator, editor, and minister was one of usefulness and righteous influence. (The foregoing sketch is taken principally from a memorial address delivered by Dr. Alexander Winchell, November 6, 1881.)

'Miss Farrand's History of the Univ. of Mich., p. 172.