Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874,

BY CHARLES R. TUTTLE,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

PREFACE.

THIS VOLUME is simply what its title page indicates a history of the Border Wars of the United States from the fall of Canada, in 1759, to and including the Indian troubles in the far West in 1874. The narrative opens with a brief history of the Indian Nations east of the Mississippi, and a short description of the outposts of both the English and French colonies as they appeared at the close of the French war. Then follows, in considerable detail, an account of the Pontiac War, which in its desolating march spread the horror of murder and massacre from the Carolinas to the most northern lake fort. From this desperate struggle the reader is conducted through the tempests of Border Warfare in its furious march across the Continent, from the Alleghanies and the lakes to the dangerous lava-cave ambuscades of the Modocs, in Arizona, and the wilds of the Pacific slope. At the proper point the narrative is interrupted to give place to a brief history of the Indian tribes, and a description of the outposts of civilization west of the Mississippi.

In the course of the history the reader is presented

with interesting and authentic sketches of the lives of Chiefs Pontiac, Brant, Tecumseh, Black Hawk, Captain Jack, and the great Indian warriors who have figured conspicuously in Border Warfare in North America; the various treaties that have been made and broken, the boundary lines that have been agreed upon and invaded; in short, all the events that have, for the time, either prevented or promoted these wars, are fully and truthfully represented, so that the reader, after carefully perusing this Volume, will, in the absence of any opinion expressed by the author, be able to judge intelligently for himself of the merits of the treatment which the native tribes have received at the hands of the United States government.

The demand for this work cannot be questioned. There is not a single person interested in the history of the United States who has not felt the want of a reliable History of the Wars between his country and the Indians; and it is with a view to supply this want that this book is presented to the public. It has been compiled and written from the most reliable sources, and, it is confidently believed, will be found complete, authentic and interesting. The various books, publications and reports which have been consulted, and to which the perfection of this Volume is largely indebted, require something more than a passing notice in this introduction. In compiling and writing. a volume such as the following, where most of the

materials used have been, in some way, connected with other books, it is impossible, in the course of the narrative, to give proper credit to the authors consulted; and, in order that the reader may know to what extent books heretofore published have contributed to the perfection, of this work, I take this opportunity of making the necessary explanation.

Mr. Francis Parkman deserves the first mention. From his valuable works on the Indians and Indian wars east of the Mississippi, has been gathered the materials which make up the first part of this book, and it is only necessary to make this reference to establish the authenticity of my history of the Pontiac war, for there is no more able, complete, or interesting narrative of this terrible border war than that given by Mr. Parkman, whose writings are justly regarded as an ornament to American literature.

In that part of the narrative which gives an account of Harmar's, St. Clair's and Harrison's campaigns against the Indians, including Tecumseh's war, I have gathered much from the works of Messrs. James H. Perkins and J. M. Peck-a volume originally compiled by the former and revised by the latterentitled "The Western Annals." I have frequently given this volume credit in the course of the narrative; but, in addition, I wish to make this acknowledgment here.

My account of the Black Hawk war is materially dependent upon Mr. Upham's valuable little book

which is entirely devoted to the life of this wayward chief. In this volume, the author takes occasion, and I think, justly, to censure the acts of the United States authorities for needlessly irritating the Sacs to this bloody onset.

In the brief account of the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi, which precedes my history of the Indian wars in the same territory, Mr. Charles De Wolf Brownell is the most valuable contributor. His standard work, entitled the "Indian Races of North and South America," has been freely consulted, and, although the usual credit is given in the proper places, I cannot fail to mention it here.

In my account of the adventures of Colonel John C. Fremont, and Christopher Carson, I have freely used the official reports of the former, the "Life and Explorations of Fremont," and other volumes, but I shall not undertake to enumerate all the official reports and documents which have contributed to the thrilling catalogue of wars and adventures west of the Mississippi, which constitutes the last part of this book. It will suffice to say that some five or six hundred of these have been diligently consulted and always with good results.

A description of the principal batties during the conquest of Mexico, which has been thrown in to relieve the general current of Indian warfare, is largely dependent upon a neat little volume entitled "The Mexican War and its Heroes." I have no