remained three days and nights on the banks of the river Maumee, in front of the field of battle, during which all the houses and cornfields were consumed and destroyed for a long distance both above and below Fort Miami, as well as within pistol shot of the British garrison.

The army returned to Fort Defiance on the twenty-seventh, laying waste in its return march the villages and cornfields for about fifty miles on either side of the Maumee. Here Wayne remained until the fourteenth of September, strengthening the works. On this date he marched for the Miami villages at the junction of the St. Joseph and St. Mary, to build Fort Wayne, which was named by Col. Hamtramck, who was placed in command of this post on the twenty-second of October.

On the twenty-eighth of October the legion began its return march to Greenville, leaving the posts it had established well fortified and strongly garrisoned. The British now, to a great measure, withheld their support from the Indians, and the latter soon began to sue for peace. On the twenty-eighth of December, 1794, the chiefs of the Chippewas, (Ojibwas) Ottawas, Sacs, Pottawatomies, and Miamis, came to Col. Hamtramck, the commandant at Fort Wayne, with peace messages, and on the twenty-fourth of January, 1795, at Greenville, they entered, together with the Delawares, Wyandots and Shawanoes, into preliminary articles with the Commander-in-Chief. The truth was, the red men had been entirely disappointed in the conduct of their white allies after their defeat on the previous August. Brant, in giving his feelings on this matter, said that a fort had been built in their country under pretence of giving refuge in case of necessity, but when that time came the gates were shut against them as enemies. During the winter, Wayne having entirely laid waste their fertile fields, the poor savages were wholly dependent on the English, who did not half supply them; their cattle and dogs died, and they were themselves nearly starved. Under these circumstances, losing faith in the English, and at last impressed with a respect for American power, the various tribes, by degrees, made up their minds to ask for peace. During the winter and spring

they exchanged prisoners and prepared to meet Wayne at Greenville, in June, for the purpose of forming a definite treaty founded upon the preliminaries which had been established on the previous January, of which mention has already been made.

Accordingly, early in June, 1795, the representatives of the Northwestern tribes began to gather at Greenville, and on the sixteenth of that month General Wayne met in council the Delawares, Ottawas, Pottawatomies, and Eel River Indians. The council continued until the tenth of August. Soon after the council opened other noted chiefs began to arrive. Among these were Buckongehelas, Little Turtle, Tarke, Blue Jacket, and Masass. They had all determined to make a permanent peace with the "Thirteen Fire," and upon the thirtieth of July the treaty was agreed upon, which was to bury the hatchet forever. It was signed by all the nations present, and the presents from the United States distributed forthwith.

This treaty which, perhaps, is the most important one ever made between the red men of the forest and the Americans, contained the following provisions:*

ART. 1.

Hostilities were to cease.

ART. 2. All prisoners were to be restored.

ART. 3. The general boundary lines between the lands of the United States and the lands of the said Indian tribes, shall begin at the mouth of Cuyahoga river, and run thence up the same to the portage between that and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum; thence down that branch to the crossing place above Fort Lawrence; thence westwardly, to a fork of that branch of the Great Miami river, running into the Ohio, at or near which fork stood Laramie's store, and where commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio and St. Mary's river, which is a branch of the Miami which runs into Lake Erie; thence a westerly course, to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash; thence southwesterly, in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to intersect that river opposite the mouth of Kentucky or Cuttawa river. And in consideration of the peace now established; of the goods formerly received from the United States; of those now to be delivered; and of the yearly delivery of goods now stipulated to be made hereafter; and to indemnify the United States for the injuries and expenses they have sustained during the war; the said Indian tribes do hereby cede and relinquish, forever, all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary line now

*American State Papers. Western Annals.

described; and these lands, or any part of them, shall never hereafter be made a cause or pretense, on the part of the said tribes, or any of them, of war or injury to the United States, or any other people thereof.

And for the same consideration, and as an evidence of the returning friendship of the said Indian tribes, of their confidence in the United States, and desire to provide for their accommodation, and for that conve nient intercourse which will be beneficial to both parties, the said Indian tribes do also cede to the United States the following pieces of land, to-wit: 1. One piece of land six miles square, at or near Laramie's store, before mentioned. 2. One piece, two miles square, at the head of the navigable water or landing, on the St. Mary's river, near Girty's town. 3. One piece, six miles square, at the head of the navigable waters of the Auglaize river. 4. One piece, six miles square, at the confluence of the Auglaize and Miami rivers, where Fort Defiance now stands. 5. One piece, six miles square, at or near the confluence of the rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where Fort Wayne now stands, or near it. 6. One piece, two miles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about eight miles westward from Fort Wayne. 7. One piece, six miles square, at the Ouatanon, or old Wea towns, on the Wabash river. 8. One piece, twelve miles square, at the British fort on the Miami of the lake, at the foot of the rapids. 9. One piece, six miles square, at the mouth of the said river, where it empties into the lake. 10. One piece, six miles square, upon Sandusky lake, where a fort formerly stood. 11 One piece, two miles square, at the lower rapids of Sandusky river. 12. The post of Detroit, and all the lands to the north, the west and south of it, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English governments; and so much more land to be annexed to the district of Detroit, as shall be comprehended between the river Rasine on the south, and lake St. Clair on the north, and a line, the general course whereof shall be six miles distant from the west end of Lake Erie and Detroit river. 13. The post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the island on which that post stands, and the main land adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English governments; and a piece of land on the main to the north of the island, to measure six miles, on Lake Huron, or the strait between Lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend three miles back from the water on the lake or strait; and also, the Island de Bois Blanc, being an extra and voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation. 14. One piece of land, six miles square, at the mouth of Chicago river, emptying into the southwest end of Lake Michigan, where a fort formerly stood. 15. One piece, twelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the Illinois river, emptying into the Mississippi. 16. One piece, six miles square, at the old Peorias fort and village, near the south end of the Illinois lake, on said Illinois river. And whenever the United States shall think proper to survey and mark the boundaries of the lands hereby ceded to them, they shall give timely notice thereof to the said tribes of Indians, that they may