valde movent stomachosa et quasi submorosa ridicula, non cum a moroso dicuntur; tum enim non sal, sed natura ridetur; in quo, ut mihi videtur, persalsum illud est apud Novium 'quid ploras, pater?' 'mirum ni cantem: condemnatus sum.' 5 Huic generi quasi contrarium est ridiculi genus patientis ac lenti, ut, cum Cato percussus esset ab eo, qui arcam ferebat, cum ille diceret 'cave,' rogavit 'numquid aliud ferret praeter 280 arcam.' Est etiam stultitiae salsa reprehensio, ut ille Siculus, cui praetor Scipio patronum causae dabat hospitem suum, 10 hominem nobilem, sed admodum stultum, quaeso,' inquit 'praetor, adversario meo da istum patronum, deinde mihi neminem dederis.' Movent illa etiam, quae coniectura explanantur longe aliter atque sunt, sed acute atque concinne; ut, cum Scaurus accusaret Rutilium ambitus, cum ipse consul esset 15 factus, ille repulsam tulisset, et in eius tabulis ostenderet litteras 1. cum non KP: non cum codd. quod retinuit S. 1. non cum, but not when' like non ut in i. 17. 75; 26. 109, etc. The adversative force arises from the omission after the parenthesis of the natural con trast. 2. in quo, in this respect:' § 101. Novium, § 255. The situation is unknown; hence the point is not fully apparent mirum ni cantem = 'I wonder I am not singing.' The indicative is almost always used in this construction: cp. Roby, § 1757. Ramsay on Most. ii. 2. 62 lays it down that mirum quin is used to imply strong irony: mirum ni (with the indicative) to express real surprise or wonder: and confirms his view by a large collection of examples. I can quote no instance to the contrary except this, for in Plaut. Trin. 495 quoted by Pid. all good MSS. (including the Ambrosian) have mirum quin: see Ritschl and Brix ad loc. Sorof says not uncommon in the comic writers.' It is to be wished that he had given some instances of mirum ni with the subjunctive. Can cantem be a kind of jussive subjunctive? 'doubtless I ought to be singing.' 8. numquid aliud: cp. Dionys. Laert. vi. 41 (of Diogenes the Cynic) πρὸς τὸν ἐντινάξαντα αὐτῷ τὴν δοκὸν εἶτα εἰπόντα φύλαξαι, πάλιν γάρ με ἔφη, παίειν μéλλes; The editors from Henrichsen downwards all borrow this quotation from Schütz; but not one of them has taken the trouble to verify it, or supply the reference ! 10. Scipio, not to be identified: we do not know of any Scipio who was praetor in Sicily. 12. neminem dederis ='ne quemquam dederis:' hence the perf. subj. Roby, § 1602: cp. Cicero, pro Mur. 31. 65 nihil ignoveris: nihil omnino gratiae concesseris I have not found any other instances of a patronus appointed by the presiding magistrate to conduct a case: but it is natural enough that such assistance should have been given to provincials ignorant of Roman law. A similar prac tice is common at our own assizes in criminal cases, where the prisoner is unable to procure counsel for himself. 15. Scaurus, § 197: cons. B.C. 107: Rutilium, i. 53. 227, 229: cons. B.C. 105 cp. Brut. 30. 113 Kutilius autem in quodam tristi et severo genere dicendi versatus est. Erat uterque Rutilius and Scaurus, for whose oratory cp. §§ III, 112] natura vehemens et acer; itaque cum una consulatum petivissent, non ille solum, qui repulsam tulerat, accusavit ambitus designatum competitorem, sed Scaurus etiam absolutus Rutilium in iudicium vocavit.' Scaurus wished to explain an entry in the accountbooks of Rutilius, which were produced in court (§ 97, note), as meaning 'spent on the credit of P. Rutilius,' sug 5 A. F. P. R. idque diceret esse, actum fide P. Rutilii; Rutilius autem, ante factum, post relatum; C. Canius, eques Romanus, cum Rufo adesset, exclamat, neutrum illis litteris declarari: 'quid ergo?' inquit Scaurus; 'Aemilius fecit, plectitur Rutilius.' 281 Ridentur etiam discrepantia: 'quid huic abest nisi res et virtus?' 70 Bella etiam est familiaris reprehensio quasi errantis; ut cum obiurgavit Albium Granius, quod, cum eius tabulis quiddam ab Albucio probatum videretur, [et] valde absoluto Scaevola gauderet neque intellegeret contra suas tabulas esse iudicatum. 10 Huic similis est etiam admonitio in consilio dando familiaris, 282 ut, cum patrono malo, cum vocem in dicendo obtudisset, suadebat Granius, ut mulsum frigidum biberet, simulac domum redisset, 'perdam' inquit 'vocem, si id fecero:' melius est' inquit quam reum.' Bellum etiam est, cum quid cuique sit 283 15 consentaneum dicitur; ut, cum Scaurus non nullam haberet 8. ab om. P cum Lagg. 2, 36. gesting that it had been spent in bribery : Rutilius explained it as intended to remind him that it had been entered, some time after it had been paid; Canius, who was assisting Rutilius in his defence, gave a witty turn to the entry, by explaining 'Aemilius was guilty, and Rutilius is getting punished.' 5. discrepantia, instances in which a sudden turn is given to the thought, practically equivalent to jokes aρà προσδοκίαν. One would have expected a question like that in the text to end with the mention of something of slight importance, whereas 'res et virtus' comprise almost all external and personal advantages, property and merit.' Reid on p. Balb. § 9. Hence Quintil. vi. 3. 84 rightly quotes this as an instance 'decipiendi opinionem.' 7. Albium Granius: this is not only the reading of the best MSS. but the only one which suits the character of Granius Albius as a wit. The old reading Granium' is rejected by all editors since Ellendt. But none of the other suggested alterations of the text is needed. Albucius (iii. 43. 171) accused Scaevola de repetundis (Brut. 26. 102), and to establish his case called for the account-books of a certain Albius, a friend of Scaevola's. In spite of the evidence thus supplied, Scaevola was acquitted. Granius taunted Albius with having been delighted at the acquittal, and at the same time not having et non secluserunt KP. seen that a severe condemnation had been passed upon the accuracy of his own accounts. (It is not necessary with Ell. to suppose that they were judged to have been intentionally falsified.) For et... neque corresponding cp. Holden on de Off. iii. 25. 95; Roby, § 2241. Some MSS. give Albucio, which is wrong: ab Albucio we might perhaps translate 'in favour of A' (Roby, § 1813), but it is simpler to take it of the agent by.' II. vocem obtudisset, had made his voice husky' cp. Lucr. iv. 612 'et tamen ipsa quoque haec, dum transit clausa domorum, vox optunditur, atque auris confusa penetrat | et sonitum potius quam verba audire videmur.' So Quint. xi. 3. 20 fauces tumentes strangulant vocem, obtusae obscurant:' he treats of the management of the voice in §§ 14-29, and opposes clara vox to obtusa. 12 mulsum: cp. Mart. xiii. 108 Mulsum... Attica nectareum turbatis mella Falernum; Macrob vii. 12 'mulsum quod probe temperes, miscendum esse novo Hymettio et vetulo Falerno:' cp. Hor. Sat. ii. 4. 26. Hence it is not to be translated mead,' but a mixture of honey and wine.' Cp. Becker Gall. iii. 311. 15. consentaneum, 'corresponding to the character.' Of Pompeius Phrygio nothing is known: phrygio is an 'embroiderer in gold:' the name is doubtless derived from the Phrygians, who were famous in this art: but the passage from invidiam ex eo, quod Phrygionis Pompeii, locupletis hominis, bona sine testamento possederat, sederetque advocatus reo Bestiae, cum funus quoddam duceretur, accusator C. Memmius 'vide,' inquit Scaure, mortuus rapitur, si potes esse possessor.' 284 Sed ex his omnibus nihil magis ridetur, quam quod est praeter 5 exspectationem, cuius innumerabilia sunt exempla, vel Appii maioris illius, qui in senatu, cum ageretur de agris publicis et de lege Thoria et premeretur Lucilius ab eis, qui a pecore eius 6. vel KP. ut conj. S. Nonius, quoted as an authority for this, is simply due to a conjecture of Roth. Cp. Quicherat's note on Non. p. 3. If Phrygio has here passed into a cognomen, as all the editors seem to assume, we have another instance of the transposition (very unusual at this time) noted on § 253. The circumstances of Scaurus' action are unknown. But the law before the time of Hadrian allowed any citizen to acquire a good title in a year's time to the property of a deceased person in the citizen's possession, of which the lawful heir had not taken possession (Gaius ii. 52-58). Some such possession, called by Gaius improba possessio, may have taken place here. There seems little likelihood of any right on the part of one of the Aemilii to the property of a member of the Pompeian gens. [H. J. R.] Sallust speaks of Scaurus (Jug. xv. 4) as ' avidus potentiae, honoris, divitiarum.' 3. Bestia was prosecuted by C. Memmius under the lex Mamilia for his corrupt action in making peace with Jugurtha (Sall. Jug. 40). An extraordinary commission of three (quaesitores) had been appointed to investigate the circumstances of this peace, and Scaurus, the leader of the nobles at this time, and one of the most guilty of them all, succeeded, according to Sallust, in getting himself ap pointed one of the commissioners. (Cp. Mommsen, iii. 152.) Henrichsen has seen, what subsequent editors have ignored, that this explicit statement of Sallust's is quite irreconcileable with Cicero's story in the text: he prefers to accept the latter. Mommsen and Ihne (v. 134) do not notice the discrepancy, but follow Sallust. 4. rapitur, 'is being hurried to the grave,' that the property might the sooner fall into the hands of the heirs. si potes may perhaps be dependent upon vide, as Sorof takes it: for this con struction, though probably never found in Cicero's own language, is common enough in Plautus and Terence (cp. Roby, § 1755) but with the intervening words 'mortuus rapitur,' it is better to regard it as a loosely appended direct clause: if only you can get possession of his property:' i.e. 'perhaps you will be able to,' etc. Cp. Kühner, ii. 996. 6. Appii maioris illius: this cannot have been Appius Claudius (praetor B.C. 89), the father of Appius Claudius (consul B.C. 54), and of P. Clodius the enemy of Cicero: but was more probably their grandfather (No. 29 in Dict. Biog.). See note on 60. 246. 8. lege Thoria: cp. Mommsen, iii. 134. Cicero says (Prut. 36. 136) 'Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi, is qui agrum publicum vitiosa et inutili lege vectigali levavit:' this language is very ambiguous, and would probably convey a meaning exactly opposite to the facts of the case, if we had not Appian (B. C. i. 27) to guide us to the true interpretation. It means, according to Mommsen, 'who freed the public land from the effects of an injurious law, informally passed, by imposing a fixed rent.' The land was no longer to be divided into freeholds, and distributed among the people, but the occupiers were to pay a fixed rent, which went to defray the expense of the free corn-distribution at Rome. The fragments of the lex agraria, long known under the name of the lex Thoria, belong in Mommsen's judgment to the subsequent law of B.C. III. Cp. Corp. Inscr. Lat. i. pp. 75-86, or Bruns, Fontes3, pp. 64-79. Ihne however still holds to the earlier view, and maintains (v. 113) that the vitiosa et inutilis lex of Cicero is the one still extant in part, and that this is the lex Thoria. It is noteworthy that Appian speaks of the proposer of the law of 119 as Σπоúpios 5 10 15 depasci agros publicos dicerent, 'non est' inquit 'Lucilii pecus illud; erratis ;'-defendere Lucilium videbatur-'ego liberum puto esse: qua libet pascitur.' Placet etiam mihi illud Scipionis 285 illius, qui Ti. Gracchum perculit: cum ei M. Flaccus multis probris obiectis P. Mucium iudicem tulisset; 'eiero,' inquit ' iniquus est;' cum esset admurmuratum, 'ah,' inquit 'P. C., non ego mihi illum iniquum eiero, verum omnibus.' Ab hoc vero Crasso nihil facetius: cum laesisset testis Silus Pisonem, quod se in eum audisse dixisset, 'potest fieri,' inquit Sile, ut is, unde te audisse dicis, iratus dixerit.' Adnuit Silus. 'Potest etiam, ut tu non recte intellexeris.' Id quoque toto capite adnuit, ut se Crasso daret. 'Potest etiam fieri,' inquit ut omnino, quod te audisse dicis, numquam audieris.' Hoc ita praeter exspectationem accidit, ut testem omnium risus obrueret. Huius generis est plenus Novius, cuius iocus est familiaris 'sapiens si algebis, 15. cuius S. et codd. KP. Bópios and certainly the law of III regulated the right of pasturage, while we have no evidence that it was mentioned in the earlier law. Lucilius: if this is the correct reading, we need not hesitate to identify him with the poet, who was a man of wealth (Juv. Sat. i. 20), if we accept Mr. Munro's date for his birth (cp note on § 25). But many MSS. (A and b are deficient) have Lucullus, which Pearce has edited: then it might be the father of the famous Lucullus, who was notorious for his avarice (Plut. Lucull. ad init). 2. liberum ... libet: in spite of the difference of quantity we may admit a play upon the two words. Cp. ad Att. i. 16. 5 'quos fames magis quam fama commoverit.' 3. Scipionis. Nasica Serapio, consul in B.C. 138. In B.C. 133 'consulem (P. Mucium) languentem reliquit, et ipse privatus, ut si consul esset, qui rem publicam salvam esse vellet, se sequi iussit' (Tusc. iv. 23. 51); Mommsen, iii. 94. He was attacked by M. Fulvius Flaccus for the murder of Ti. Gracchus, and found it expedient to accept an embassy to Asia, where he died not long after (Cic. pro Flacc. 31. 75). Flaccus was a warm supporter not only of Tiberius, but also of Gaius Gracchus, and shared the fate of the latter (Mommsen, iii. 101, 106, 128). 5. iudicem tulisset, § 263: it is evident from the vocative 'patres con scripti' that this did not happen on the 6. non mihi . . . verum omnibus: 7. eiero: 'I challenge him on oath:' cp. Phil. xii. 7. 18, where similarly eierabant is used in an applied sense; 'they challenged my appointment:' in Verr. iii. 60. 137 it is used with forum. Ab hoc, 'on this side;' i. e. in this respect. 8. Silus, perhaps M. Sergius Orator Silus, a quaestor in B c. 105. Piso cannot be identified. in eum audisse, 'had heard something against him.' 9. unde: Roby, § 1263. II. se daret: § 187. 15. Novius, § 255. cuius: Sorof's happy correction for et, which is omitted in some MSS., and seems to have been inserted only to fill up the gap, after cuius had dropped out after Novius. sapiens, if a sage like you is cold, -he will shiver 'like other men: perhaps directed against a Stoic proud of his impassiveness. 286 6 71 tremes' et alia permulta. Saepe etiam facete concedas adversario id ipsum, quod tibi ille detrahit; ut C. Laelius, cum ei quidam malo genere natus diceret, indignum esse suis maioribus, 'at hercule' inquit 'tu tuis dignus.' Saepe etiam sententiose ridicula dicuntur, ut M. Cincius, quo die legem de donis et 5 muneribus tulit, cum C. Cento prodisset et satis contumeliose quid fers, Cinciole?' quaesisset, ut emas,' inquit 'Gai, si uti 287 velis.' Saepe etiam salse, quae fieri non possunt, optantur; ut M. Lepidus, cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in herba ipse recubuisset, 'vellem hoc esset,' inquit 'laborare.' Salsum est 10 etiam quaerentibus et quasi percontantibus lente respondere quod nolint; ut censor Lepidus, cum M. Antistio Pyrgensi equum ademisset amicique cum vociferarentur et quaererent, quid ille patri suo responderet, cur ademptum sibi equum diceret, cum optimus colonus, parcissimus, modestissimus, frugalissimus 15 288 esset, 'me istorum' inquit 'nihil credere.' Conliguntur a Graecis I. concedas: the so-called potential use: Roby, § 1536 (cp. § 1544). 2. C. Laelius, § 154: i. 48. 211, etc. He was famous for his hilaritas (de Off. i. 30. 108) Seneca, Nat. Quaest. vi. 32 quotes another of his sayings. The Laelii were not wealthy (cp. Orat. 71. 232 'neque me divitiae movent, quibus omnes Africanos et Laelios multi venalicii mercatoresque superarunt'); if, as is probable, the friend of the younger Scipio is meant here, the father was consul B.C. 190, but no more remote ancestor attained that office. 4. sententiose quite our 'sententiously; in a terse sentence full of pith. 5. M. Cincius brought forward in B.C. 204 a law de donis et muneribus, supported by Q. Fabius Maximus (de Sen. 4. 10). Its object was to prevent clients and others becoming impoverished by having to make presents to their patrons or other superiors (Liv. xxxiv. 4.9). The law prescribed no penalty for breach, but left every gift of an immoderate amount (what amount is not known) without legal protection, except gifts between near relations by blood or marriage, and a few others. A gift fully executed could not however be recalled. The law is most frequently mentioned in connexion with the payment of advocates:'qua cavetur antiquitus ne quis ob causam orandam pecuniam donumve accipiat' (Tac. Ann. xi. 5). Our principal, though meagre, source of information is the Vatican Fragments (Huschke's Jurisp. Antejust. 7. quid fers ? what are you offering?' an expression used to those who were offering goods for sale; hence somewhat contemptuous in itself, an effect heightened by the diminutive, and doubtless also by the manner. The use of the praenomen in the reply that you should pay for what you want,' shows a familiarity, which might under other circumstances have been complimentary, but is here, of course, slighting. Cp. Hor. Sat. ii. 5. 32; 6. 37. 9. M. Lepidus, probably Porcina, consul in B.C. 137: cp. i 10. 40. The censor Lepidus (consul B.C. 187. censor B.C. 179) seems to be intentionally distinguished from him. exercentibus, sc. se: cp. de Fin. i. 20. 69 'exercendi aut venandi consuetudines adamare solemus' with Madvig's note. II. percontantibus: stronger than quaerentibus: cp. note on i 21.97. 12. Pyrgensi, from Pyrgi in Etruria. 14. cur... diceret, a compressed expression for quid diceret cur equus ademptus esset,' which we may retain without greater looseness in English, 'why he should say his horse had been taken away.' 16. nihil credere: for credo = 'accept |