fame houfe, began the efta- 84. Dominican College in Louvain. blifhment, which fubfifted till the revolution of 1793. Their folitary contemplative life did not permit them to meddle with the education of youth. 32. Conceptionist Nuns in Paris. On the breaking up of the convent of Francifcan nuns at Nieuport in 1658, as was men-, tioned above, (No. 21) Angela Jerningham, and fix others of thofe nuns went to Paris, and, in 1660, they put themselves under the rules of the order of the Conception, and along with their other religious duties educated young ladies. Mr. Vivier, a French clergyman, left an eftate of about 3007. ferling a year, to this convent, which fubfifted till the time of the French revolution in 1793. 33. Dominican Friers at Bornhem in Flanders. This convent was founded in the year 1658, by the baron of Bornhem. The firft prior of it was Thomas Howard, of Arundel, afterwards cardinal Howard, to whom the establishment was principally owing. Thefe religious afterwards kept a confiderable college for the educa tion of youth, which continued to flourish till the time of their flight, on account of the French invafion of the Low Countries, in 1794. Befides this convent, the aforenamed cardinal Howard founded another in Rome for English Dominicans; but it was fuppreffed foon afterwards, for which reafon it is not enumerated here. Vid. Sanderi Flandria Illuftrata, Vol. III. p. 255, 256. 35. This little establishment was wholly deftined for the ftudies. of the young religious of Bornhem in philofophy and divinity. On that account it enjoyed the privileges of the univerfity of Louvain. It fell of courfe with the mother-houfe in 1794. Poor Clares, at Aire, in Artoife. This community of contempla tive women was eftablished about the year 1660, by fome nuns from Gravelines, under the direction of the English Recollects of Douay. It fell like the reft in 1793. 36. Benedictine Nuns at Dunkirk. Thefe religious ladies were effablished in 1662, by lady Mary Caryll (who was their firft abbels) and eleven affociates, all profeffed nuns of the English monaftery at Ghent; but the eftabliment being made, five of these returned to Ghent, and two others of them went to Ipres to begin a like foundation there in 1665. This laft afterwards became wholly compofed of Irifh Benedictine nuns, part of whom, in the reign of king James II. went over to Dublin; the reft remained at Ipres till the French invafion in 1794, when they fled. The English monaftery at Dunkirk had formerly confiderable funds, but a great part of them were loft in the Millilippi bubble in 1720. The nuns, befides their regular duties, were employed in the education of young ladies. 37. Dominican Nuns in Bruffels. Thefe religious women were esta blifhed in 1690, in a large old houfe in Bruffels, called the Spel Spellekens, having a large garden annexed to it. About the year 1777 their houfe threatening ruin, they built, in the upper part of their garden, a handfome new convent and church. They were not originally employed in the edncation of young perfons of their fex; but the edicts of the emperor Jofeph II. in 1782, portending fuppreffion to all the convents of nuns that were not fo employed, thefe Dominicaneffes got fome fcholars, and thereby remained unmolefted till their flight on the approach of the French to Bruffels, in June, 1794. 38. School at Efquerchin near Douay. This was founded about the middle of the prefent century, by the late honourable James Talbot, afterwards bihop. He deftined it for the education of boys in the lower schools of the claffics, thereby to difburthen the great college of Douay, to which he gave it, of that part of its charge; and allo for the fake of greater falubrity and fpace for children in the country, than could be had in the other. This fchool fell of courfe with the college to which it belonged, at the time of the French revolution. 39. Difcalced Carmes at Tongres. This little eftablishment had been made a few years ago with permiffion of the prince bithop of Liege, by fome English Carmelite friers, profeffed in foreign convents. It had hardly time to gain footing, when it was crushed by the French revolution in 1794. Not having been able to find the dates of the following 40. 41. J religious eftablishments, I place them at the end of this lift. Benedictine Abbey of Lamfpring in Germany. This abbey is fituated in Lower Saxony, in the diocese of Hildefheim, about four leagues fouth of the city of that name. It is governed by a regular mitred abbot, who, like all the prelates of Germany, enjoys great privileges. I have not learned how it came into the hands of the English congregation of St. Benedict, to which it belongs. 42, Canoneffes of the Holy Sepulchre, in Liege. Thefe religious ladies flourished greatly under the direction of the late Jefuits, as alfo in the education of young perfons of their own fex. The French invasion put an end to them in 1794. 43, 44. Carmelites, or Terefian Nuns at Antwerp, Lier, and Hoogfirate. The nuns of these three convents were entirely given up to a contemplative life. In 1789 a part of them went over to Maryland, to make a new eftablishment of their order; the reft fled from the French invafion in 1794. Thefe, as far as I was ever able to learn, are all the English religious. establishments that have been made on the continent of Europe fince the beginning of the reign of queen Elizabeth. Of all this number, I believe, there only now remain the three colleges of fecular clergy at Rome, Valladolid, and Lifbon, the Benedictine abbey of Lamfpring in Germany, with the nuns of Lisbon and Munich. A more A more extenfive account of the foundation of many of thefe houfes, and of the perfons who established them, may be had in Dodd's Church Hiftory of England, printed at Bruffels in 1737, 3 vol. in folio; in the Flandria Illuftrata of Sanderus, 3 vol. in folio; the Brabantia Illuf trata, 3 vol. in folio; and other fuch hiftories of the countries where any of these establishments were made. What I have said above of the origin, nature, and prefent fate of each, fuffices for the end I proposed to myself in this short account of them. MISCEL MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. On the Science of Phyfiognomy, from Mr. Fufeli's Advertisement to Hunter's Tranflation of Lavater's Effays on Phyfiognomy. IT T is not the intention of this prefatory addrefs, either to prove the claim of phyfiognomy to a place among the fciences, to demonftrate its utility, or to enlarge in its praise, The immediate effect of form on every eye, the latent principle which is the basis of that effect, and which inhabits every breast, the influence derived from this impreffion on conduct and action, in every department of life, are felf-evident truths, and need as little to be proved as the existence of fmell or tafte, If not all, at leaft the most important part, of what can be faid on the fubject is given in the book; and to epitomize what the reader is going to confider in detail, or to attempt improving the author's argument and method, would be as futile as an attempt to "gild refined gold, or to paint the lily. The mistaken humanity of thofe who find cruelty lurking amid the researches of the phyfiognomift, deferves our pity rather than an anfwer; it refutes itfelf; the general eye has given a tacit verdict before it pronounces one; it either conVOL. XLII, firms by proofs what we have felt, or by proofs corrects our feelings : in either cafe truth gains, and woe to him who without proof dares to contradict that on which all are agreed. Befides, when the great principle of human nature, that property which invifibly links every individual, from the most genially favoured in organization, to the moft neglected or moft fcantily fupplied, to infinity, to the immenfe power that produced him, if perfectibility be taken into confideration, which allows no one to pronounce So far fhalt thou go, and no farther,' all fears of petulant or noxious abufe of the fcience must neceffarily vanish. If felf-love be a more than fufficient counterpoife to humility or defpondence, if vanity and hope never forfake their children, what danger can be apprehended from phyfiognomy? Its verdicts will be fhifted from face to face; and there will always be outlets or atoning lines fufficiently wide or foothing in the fatal angles of condemning claffes of faces, to let each individual culprit efcape, or ftand abfolved before his own tribunal, Men in their fears generally confound our fcience with pathology, diftinct from it though intimately F f connected: connected: the one estimates power and capacity, the other judges of their produce and application. Whatever relates to habit, whatever arifes from the moment of action, the burft of paffions, their play on blood and mufcles, are, ftrictly fpeaking, without the phyfiognomic fphere, whofe true object is the animal at reft. Were man and man as easily discriminated as the lamb and the tiger, the phyfiognomift's would be an useless science; but fince both lamb and tiger may dwell in human frames, he furely deferves our thanks, who points them out to us before we wound the one or fink beneath the other. Origin and Nature of the Sentiment of Admiration in the human Mind; from Cogan's Treatife on the Paffions. THA HAT excellence which is the fubject of admiration, may either confift in the intellectual powers of mind, or difpofitions of the heart. Admiration may be excited by the contemplation of greatness and extent of genius, by indications of fuperior talents, by plans and projects which discover great ingenuity in contrivance and invention, or unufual skill in the execution. It is often excited by extraordinary exertions of benevolence; fuch as dangers encountered to protect and fave a friend, a ftranger, or an enemy; the greatnefs of the facrifice made to mifery, and the compaffion that excites to extraordinary acts of mercy. In fhort, the objective caufe of admiration is whatever indicates a fuperior degree of wisdom, ingenuity, good fenfe, or benevolence. To fuch qualities it is properly confined.Power abftractedly confidered is not the object of admiration; though the dignified or benevolent exertions of power to the production of good, may excite the highest degree of admiration, and render it a very strong emotion. It is obvious that the range of admiration is from the fimpler approbation of the mind up to the moft lively fenfation, according to our conceptions of the extent of excellence, and alfo the degrees of our intereft in its effects. It is alfo blended with various other emotions according to different circumstances attendant upon the paffion It is frequently introduced by furprise; when, for example, the difcovery of these excellencies is fudden and unexpected; and then it becomes a vivid emotion. It is generally connected with some degree of wonder; as we are fo frequently ignorant of the causes which enabled any one greatly to excel ourselves or others: but as it is always excited by the real difcovery of fome qualities, it is not to be confounded with an emotion that proceeds from ignorance and embarrassment, previous to the difcovery. When the evidences of wisdom or goodnefs exceed our utmost comprehenfion, or proceed far beyond the ufual extent of excellence itself, they may excite aftonishment. Whatever is good, or productive of good, is the proper object of love; excellence muft of confequence he peculiarly calculated to excite the affection in a fuperior degree; hence the pleafing and intimate connection between love and admiration, When these are united with gratitude, they conftitute the happiest and fublimeft affections of the foul. When |