V.

with Enoch, as the name doth,) and that at his death CHAP. the world should be destroyed by a flood; which agrees with Methuselah. So Abraham by Orpheus is called Movoyens, which belongs to Isaac his son; so the actions of Nimrod, Ninus, and Cham, are confounded together in their mythology. By these several ways now we understand how the original tradition was by degrees corrupted and altered in the heathen mythology.

VII.

Not. in

Selden. de

Cana. 1. ii.

I come now to the footsteps of Scripture-history, which, notwithstanding these corruptions, may be discerned in the heathen mythology; which I shall methodically inquire after according to the series of Scripture-history. That the names given to God in Scrip- V. Scaliger. ture were preserved among the Phoenicians, appears Frag Græc. sufficiently by the remainders of the Phoenician theo-Diis Syr. logy, translated by Philo Byblius out of Sanchoni- Bochart. athon; wherein we read of the god 'lów, which hath c. 2. the same letters with ; besides which, there we meet with 'Exov, the same with by, The most High, and "Iλos, which is 8, The strong God; Beelsaman, which is ro by The God of Heaven; and 'Exweiμ, the very name of God used in the beginning of Genesis so often. Besides, in those fragments we have express mention of the chaos, and the evening following it, or the darkness on the face of the deep; the creation of angels under the Zopaonμiv, ny, those beings which contemplate the heavens; and the creation of mankind, 'EK TOũ kódπov åvéμov, i. e. p, saith Bochartus, The voice of the mouth of God, which is by God's word and inspiration, when it is expressed that God said, Let us make man, and that he breathed into him the breath of life. After we read of yïvos and avτóxwv, which properly agree to Adam, who was made out of the earth. Vossius conceives that the memory

III.

Voss. de
Idol. l. i.

c. 38.
Tacit. de
Moribus
German.
C. 2.

ed. Ernest.

BOOK of Adam was preserved among the old Germans; of whom Tacitus speaks, Celebrant antiquis carminibus Tuistonem Deum, terra editum, et filium Mannum, originem gentis conditioresque. Either by Tuisto Adam is understood, who was formed of the earth, and by Mannus, Noah; or by Tuisto God may be understood, and by Mannus, Adam: to which conjecture may be added further, that the same author reports that some of the Germans sacrificed to Isis; which Vossius likewise conceives to be a remainder of the Hebrew Ischa. And so among the Egyptians it is with like probability conceived that Adam and Ischa were preserved under Osiris and Isis, as they were historically taken. In Cilicia, the city Adana is thought to have some remainder of the name of Adam; for the Greeks had no termination in M, therefore for Adam they pronounced it Adan, and that from 'Adavòs; and Stephan. V. So the city Adana. Now that 'Adavòs, by Stephanus

'Adavá.

Tertull.

Apolog. c.

IO.

de Urbibus, is said to be the son of Heaven and Earth. Ἔστι δὲ ὁ ̓Αδανὸς γῆς καὶ οὐρανοῦ παῖς. This Adanus, he tells us, was otherwise called Koóvos, or Saturn, under whom the Greeks preserved the memory of Adam; for Diodorus, Thallus, Cassius, Severus, and Cornelius Nepos, do all (as Tertullian saith) confess Saturn to have been a man; and, according to their fables, he must have been the first of men. Saturn was the son of Heaven and Earth, and so was Adam: he taught men husbandry: and was not Adam the first that tilled the ground? Besides, that power which Saturn had, and was deposed from, doth fitly set out the dominion man had in the golden age of innocency, which he lost by his own folly; and Adam's hiding himself from the presence of the Lord, gave occasion to the name of Saturn, from satar, to hide. We find something of Cain preserved in the Phoenician anti

V.

Idol. 1. i.

quities, under the name of 'Aypoúnpos, or 'Aypóτns, the CHAP. first countryman or husbandman, who with his brother 'Aypos built houses; and the first foundation of a city is attributed to Cain: and on that account Vos- Vossius de sius conjectures that the memory of Cain's wife was c. 17. preserved under Vesta, both because she was the daughter of Saturn, i. e. of Adam, and that she is said τῶν οἰκῶν κατασκευὴν εὑρεῖν, to find out first the way of building houses. That Tubal-Cain That Tubal-Cain gave first occasion worship of Vulcan, hath been very probably conceived, both from the very great affinity

to the name and

of the names, and that Tubal-Cain is expressly mentioned to be an instructer of every artificer in brass Gen. iv. 22. and iron; and as near relation as Apollo had to Vul

can, Jubal had to Tubal-Cain, who was the inventor Gen. iv. 21. of music, or the father of all such as handle the harp and organ; which the Greeks attribute to Apollo. And if that be true which Genebrard and others ascribe to Naamah, the sister of Jubal and Tubal-Cain, viz. that she was the inventor of spinning and weaving, then may she come in for Minerva. Thus we see there were some, though but obscure footsteps preserved even of that part of Scripture-history which preceded the flood.

The memory of the deluge itself we have already VIII. found to be preserved in the heathen mythology; we come therefore to Noah and his posterity. Many par cels of Noah's memory were preserved in the scattered fragments of many fables, under Saturn, Janus, Prometheus, and Bacchus. Bochartus insists on no fewer Bochart. than 14 parallels between Noah and the heathen Sa- c. 1. turn; which he saith are so plain, that there is no doubt but under Saturn Noah was understood in the heathen mythology. Saturn was said to be the common parent of mankind; so was Noah. Saturn was

Phal. l. i.

IJI.

BOOK a just king; Noah not only righteous himself, but a preacher of righteousness. The golden age of Saturn was between Noah and the dispersion of nations. In Noah's time all mankind had but one language, which the heathens extend under Saturn both to men and beasts. The plantation of vines attributed to Saturn by the heathens; as to Noah by the Scriptures. The law of Saturn mentioned by the poets, that none should see the nakedness of the gods without punishment, seems to respect the fact and curse of Cham, in reference to Noah. Saturn and Rhea, and those with them, are said to be born of Thetis, or the ocean; which plainly alludes to Noah and his company's escaping the flood: thence a ship was the symbol of Saturn; and that Saturn devoured all his children, seems to be nothing else but the destruction of the old world by Noah's flood. And not only under Saturn, but under Prometheus too, was Noah's memory preDiod. I. i. served. Diodorus speaks of the great flood under Prometheus; and Prometheus implies one that hath forecast and wisdom, such as Noah had, whereby he foretold the flood, and was saved in it, when others were Epimetheus's, that had not wit to prevent their own destruction.

And no wonder, if Prometheus were Noah, that the forming mankind was attributed to him, when the world was peopled from him. Herodotus' saying that Asia was Prometheus's wife, might relate to the country Noah lived in, and our propagation from thence. Another part of Noah's memory was preserved under Janus. The name of Janus is most probably derived V. Mayer. from ", because of Noah's planting a vine; and Janus p. ii. c. 5. was called Consivius, saith Macrobius, a conserendo, hoc est, a propagine generis humani, quæ Jano autore conseritur. Now to whom can this be so properly

Philol.Sacr.

V.

applied as to Noah, from whom mankind was propa- CHAP. gated? And Janus's being bifrons, or looking aρóσσw kaì iníσow, forward and backward, is not so fit an emblem of any thing as of Noah's seeing those two ages before and after the flood. And it is further observable, which Plutarch speaks of in his Roman Questions, that the ancient coins had on one side the image of Janus with his two faces, on the other λív πρúμvav ἢ πρώραν ἐγκεχαραγμένην, the fore or hinder part of the ship; by which the memory of the ark of Noah seems to have been preserved. Thus we see what analogy there is in the story of Janus to that of Noah: not that I give credit to those fooleries which tell us of Noah's coming from Palestine with his son Japhet into Italy, and planting colonies there, for which we are beholden to the spurious Etruscan antiquities: but all that I assert is, that the story of Noah might be preserved in the eldest colonies, though disguised under other names, as here in the case of Janus. And on the same account that the name of Janus is attributed to Noah, some likewise believe him to have been the most ancient Bacchus, who was, according to Diodorus, Diod. BibEupeτns Ts άμTÉλov, the first planter of vines, and instructer of men in making wines: and besides, Bacchus's being twice born, seems only an adumbration of Noah's preservation after the flood; which might be accounted a second nativity, when the rest of the world was destroyed. And withal, Philostratus, in the Life Philostr. Vit. Apoll. of Apollonius, relates, that the ancient Indian Bacchus c. 4. came thither out of Assyria, which yet more fully agrees with Noah. So that from these scattered members of Hippolytus, and these broken fragments of traditions, we may gather almost an entire history of all the passages concerning Noah.

As the story of Saturn and Noah do much agree, so

lioth. 1. iii.

IX.