In 1755 he returned to his native country, which his youth had been delighted, and at the age of twenty-eight; an object of in- those patriotic duties to which he had devoted terest and respect to all parties, and to all indi- his middle age. The sittings of the Irish viduals of consequence in the kingdom. His Academy, over which he presided from its intimacy with Lord John Cavendish naturally first foundation, were frequently held at Chardisposed him to be on a good footing with his lemont House; and he always extended the brother, who was then Lord Lieutenant; and most munificent patronage to the professors of "the outset of his politics," as he has himself art, and the kindest indulgence to youthfu! observed, "gave reason to suppose that his talents of every description. His health had life would be much more courtly than it prov- declined gradually from about the year 1790; ed to be." The first scene of profligacy and and he died in August 1799,-esteemed and court intrigue, however, which he witnessed, regretted by all who had had any opportunity determined him to act a more manly part- of knowing him, in public or in private, as a "to be a Freeman," as Mr. Hardy says, "in friend or as an opponent.-Such is the sure the purest sense of the word, opposing the reward of honourable sentiments, and mild court or the people indiscriminately, when- and steady principles! ever he saw them adopting erroneous or mischievous opinions." To this resolution, his biographer adds, that he had the virtue and firmness to adhere; and the consequence was, that he was uniformly in opposition to the court for the long remainder of his life!

To this branch of the history belongs a considerable part of the anecdotes and characters with which the book is enlivened; and, in a particular manner, those which Mr. Hardy has given, in Lord Charlemont's own words, from the private papers and memoirs which have been put into his hands. His Lordship appears to have kept a sort of journal of every thing interesting that befel him through life, and especially during his long residence on the Continent. From this document Mr. Hardy has made copious extracts, in the earlier part of his narrative; and the general style of them is undoubtedly very creditable to the noble author,-a little tedious, perhaps, now and then,-and generally a little too studiously and maturely composed, for the private memoranda of a young man of talents;-but always in the style and tone of a gentleman, and with a character of rationality, and calm indulgent benevolence, that is infinitely more pleasing than sallies of sarcastic wit, or periods of cold-blooded speculation.

One of the first characters that appears on the scene, is our excellent countryman, the celebrated David Hume, whom Lord Charlemont first met with at Turin, in the year 1750:

Though very regular in his attendance on the Irish Parliament, he always had a house in London, where he passed a good part of the winter, till 1773; when feelings of patriotism and duty induced him to transfer his residence almost entirely to Ireland. The polish of his manners, however, and the kindness of his disposition, his taste for literature and the arts, and the unsuspected purity and firmness of his political principles, had before this time secured him the friendship of almost all the distinguished men who adorned England at this period. With Mr. Fox, Mrs. Burke, and Mr. Beauclerk-Sir Joshua Reynolds, Dr. Johnson, Sir William Chalmers-and many others of a similar character-he was always particularly intimate. During the Lieutenancy of the Earl of Northumberland, in 1772, he was, without any solicitation, advanced to the dignity of an Earl; and was very much distinguished and consulted during the short period of the Rockingham administration;--and of whom he has given an account rather though neither at that time, nor at any other, more entertaining, we believe, than accurate. invested with any official situation. In 1768, We have no doubt, however, that it records he married; and in 1780, he was chosen Gene- with perfect fidelity the impression which he ral of the Irish Volunteers, and conducted him- then received from the appearance and conself in that delicate and most important com-versation of that distinguished philosopher. mand, with a degree of temper and judgment, liberality and firmness, which we have no doubt contributed, more than any thing else, both to the efficacy and the safety of that most perilous but necessary experiment. The rest of his history is soon told. He was the early patron and the constant friend of Mr. Gratfan; and was the means of introducing the Single-Speech Hamilton to the acquaintance of Mr. Burke. Though very early disposed to relieve the Catholics from a part of their disabilities, he certainly was doubtful of the pru-unlike his real character than David Hume. The Nature, I believe, never formed any man more dence, or propriety, of their more recent pre-powers of physiognomy were baffled by his counte tensions. He was from first to last a zealous, nance; nor could the most skilful in that science, active, and temperate advocate for parlia- pretend to discover the smallest trace of the faculmentary reform. He was averse to the Legis-ties of his mind, in the unmeaning features of his lative Union with Great Britain. He was uniformly steady to his principles, and faithful to his friends; and seems to have divided the latter part of his life pretty equally between those elegant studies of literature and art by

But, with all our respect for Lord Charlemont, we cannot allow a young Irish Lord, on his first visit at a foreign court, to have been precisely the person most capable of appreciating the value of such a man as David Hume;and though there is a great fund of truth in the following observations, we think they illustrate the character and condition of the person who makes them, fully as much as that of him to whom they are applied.

visage. His face was broad and fat, his mouth wide, and without any other expression than that of imbecility. His eyes, vacant and spiritless; and fitted to communicate the idea of a turtle-eating althe corpulence of his whole person was far better derman, than of a refined philosopher. His speech,

in English, was rendered ridiculous by the broadest Scotch accent; and his French was, if possible, still more laughable; so that wisdom, most certainly, never disguised herself before in so uncouth a garb. Though now near fifty years old he was healthy and strong; but his health and strength, far from being advantageous to his figure, instead of manly comeliness, had only the appearance of rusticity. His wearing an uniform added greatly to his natural awkwardness; for he wore it like a grocer of the trained bands. Sinclair was a lieutenant-general, and was sent to the courts of Vienna and Turin as a military envoy, to see that their quota of troops was furnished by the Austrians and Piedmontese. It was therefore thought necessary that his secretary should appear to be an officer; and Hume was accordingly disguised in scarlet.

"Having thus given an account of his exterior, it is but fair that I should state my good opinion of his character. Of all the philosophers of his sect, none, I believe, ever joined more real benevolence to its mischievous principles than my friend Hume. His love to mankind was universal, and vehement; and there was no service he would not cheerfully have done to his fellow-creatures, excepting only that of suffering them to save their own souls in their own way. He was tender-hearted, friendly, and charitable in the extreme."-pp. 8, 9.

His Lordship then tells a story in illustration of the philosopher's benevolence, which we have no other reason for leaving out-but that we know it not to be true; and concludes a little dissertation on the pernicious effects of his doctrines, with the following little anecdote; of the authenticity of which also, we should entertain some doubts, did it not seem to have fallen within his own personal knowledge.

"He once professed himself the admirer of a young, most beautiful, and accomplished lady, at Turin, who only laughed at his passion. One day he addressed her in the usual common-place strain, that he was abimé, anéanti.- Oh! pour anéanti,' replied the lady, ce n'est en effet qu'une opération très-naturelle de votre systême.'"-p. 10.

The following passages are from a later part of the journal: but indicate the same turn of mind in the observer:

ever showed a mind more truly beneficent than Hume's whole conduct with regard to Rousseau. That story is too well known to be repeated; and exhibits a striking picture of Hume's heart, whilst it displays the strange and unaccountable vanity and madness of the French, or rather Swiss moralist. When first they arrived together from France, happening to meet with Hume in the Park, I wished him joy of his pleasing connection; and particularly hinted, that I was convinced he must be perfectly happy in his new friend, as their religious opinions were, I believed, nearly similar. Why no, man,' said he, in that you are mistaken. Rousseau is not what you think him. He has a hankering after the Bible; and, indeed, is little better than a Christian, in a way of his own!'"-p. 120.

"In London, where he often did me the honour to communicate the manuscripts of his additional Essays, before their publication, I have sometimes, in the course of our intimacy, asked him, whether he thought that, if his opinions were universally to take place, mankind would not be rendered more unhappy than they now were; and whether he did not suppose, that the curb of religion was necessary to human nature? The objections,' answered he, are not without weight; but error never can produce good; and truth ought to take place of all considerations.' He never failed, indeed, in the midst thing tolerable that was either said or written of any controversy, to give its due praise to every against him. His sceptical turn made him doubt, and consequently dispute, every thing; yet was he a fair and pleasant disputant. He heard with patience, and answered without acrimony. Neither his more scrupulous companions. His good sense, was his conversation at any time offensive, even to and good nature, prevented his saying any thing that was likely to shock; and it was not till he was provoked to argument, that, in mixed companies, he entered into his favourite topics."-p. 123.

Another of the eminent persons of whom Lord Charlemont has recorded his impressions in his own hand, was the celebrated Montesquieu; of whose acquaintance he says, and with some reason, he was more vain, than of having seen the pyramids of Egypt. He and another English gentleman paid their first visit to him at his seat near Bourdeaux; and the following is the account of their introduction:

"Hume's fashion at Paris, when he was there as Secretary to Lord Hertford, was truly ridiculous; "The first appointment with a favourite mistress and nothing ever marked in a more striking man- could not have rendered our night more restless ner, the whimsical genius of the French. No man, than this flattering invitation; and the next morning from his manners, was surely less formed for their we set out so early, that we arrived at his villa besociety, or less likely to meet with their approba- fore he was risen. The servant showed us into his tion; but that flimsy philosophy which pervades library; where the first object of curiosity that preand deadens even their most licentious novels, was sented itself was a table, at which he had apparently then the folly of the day. Freethinking and Eng-been reading the night before, a book lying upon lish frocks were the fashion, and the Anglomanie was the ton du pais. From what has been already said of him, it is apparent that his conversation to strangers, and particularly to Frenchmen, could be little delightful; and still more particularly, one would suppose to Frenchwomen. And yet, no lady's toilette was complete without Hume's attendance! At the opera, his broad, unmeaning face was usually seen entre deux jolis minois. The ladies in France give the ton, and the ton, at this time, was deism; a species of philosophy ill suited to the softer sex, in whose delicate frame weakness is interesting, and timidity a charm. But the women in France were deists, as with us they were charioteers. How my friend Hume was able to endure the encounter of those French female Titans, I know not. In England, either his philosophic pride, or his conviction that infidelity was ill suited to women, made him always averse from the initiation of ladies into the mysteries of his doctrine." pp. 121, 122.

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Nothing," adds his Lordship, in another place,

it open, turned down, and a lamp extinguished. Eager to know the nocturnal studies of this great philosopher, we immediately flew to the book. It was a volume of Ovid's Works, containing his Elegies; and open at one of the most gallant poems of that master of love! Before we could overcome our surprise, it was greatly increased by the entrance of the president, whose appearance and manner was totally opposite to the idea which we had formed to ourselves of him. Instead of a grave, austere philosopher, whose presence might strike with awe such boys as we were, the person who now addressed us, was a gay, polite, sprightly Frenchman; who, after a thousand genteel compliments, and a thousand thanks for the honour we had done him, desired to know whether we would not breakfast; and, upon our declining the offer, having already eaten at an inn not far from the house, Come, then,' says he, 'let us walk; the day is fine, and I long to show you my villa, as I have endeavoured to form it according to the EngIlish taste, and to cultivate and dress in the English

manner. Following him into the farm, we soon arrived at the skirts of a beautiful wood, cut into walks, and paled round, the entrance to which was barricadoed with a moveable bar, about three feet high, fastened with a padlock. Come,' said he, searching in his pocket, 'it is not worth our while to wait for the key; you, I am sure, can leap as well as I can, and this bar shall not stop me.' So saying, he ran at the bar, and fairly jumped over it, while we followed him with amazement, though not with out delight, to see the philosopher likely to become our play-fellow."-pp. 32, 33.

In Paris, I have frequently met him in company with ladies, and have been as often astonished at the politeness, the gallantry, and sprightliness of his behaviour. In a word, the most accomplished, the most refined petit-maître of Paris, could not have been more amusing, from the liveliness of his chat, nor could have been more inexhaustible in that sort of discourse which is best suited to women, than this venerable philosopher of seventy years old. But at this we shall not be surprised, when we reflect, that the profound author of L'Esprit des Loix was also author of the Persian Letters, and of the truly gallant Temple de Gnide.". "-p. 36.

The following opinion, from such a quarter, might have been expected to have produced more effect than it seems to have done, on so warm an admirer as Lord Charlemont :

"In the course of our conversations, Ireland, and its interests, have often been the topic; and, upon these occasions, I have always found him an advo cate for an incorporating Union between that country and England. Were I an Irishman,' said he, I should certainly wish for it; and, as a general lover of liberty, I sincerely desire it; and for this plain reason, that an inferior country, connected with one much her superior in force, can never be certain of the permanent enjoyment of constitutional freedom, unless she has, by her representatives, a proportional share in the legislature of the superior kingdom.'"-Ibid.

seeking, in vain, the wholesome exercise of a strong mind, in desultory reading or contemptible dissipation. His Letters, however, are delightful; and we are extremely obliged to Mr. Hardy, for having favoured us with so many of them. It is so seldom that the pure, animated, and unrestrained language of polite conversation, can be found in a printed book. that we cannot resist the temptation of transcribing a considerable part of the specimens before us; which, while they exemplify, in the happiest manner, the perfect style of a gentleman, serve to illustrate, for more reflecting readers, the various sacrifices that are generally required for the formation of the envied character to which that style belongs. A very interesting essay might be written on the unhappiness of those from whom nature and fortune seem to have removed all the that no better assortment of proofs and illus causes of unhappiness:-and we are sure trations could be annexed to such an essay, than some of the following passages.

If you

"I have been but once at the club since you left England; where we were entertained, as usual, by Dr. Goldsmith's absurdity. Mr. V. can give you an account of it. Sir Joshua intends painting your picture over again; so you may set your heart at rest for some time: it is true, it will last so much the longer; but then you may wait these ten years for it. Elmsly gave me a commission from you about Mr. Walpole's frames for prints, which is perfectly unintelligible: I wish you would explain it, and it shall be punctually executed. The Duke of Northumberland has promised me a pair of his new pheasants for you; but you must wait till all the crowned heads in Europe have been served first. I have been at the review at Portsmouth. had seen it, you would have owned, that it is a pleasant thing to be a King. It is true, made who furnished the first job of the claret to tables with vinegar, under that denomination. Charles Fox said, that Lord S-wich should have been impeached! What an abominable world do we live in! that there should not be above half a dozen honest men in the world, and that one of those should live in Ireland. You will, perhaps, allot to your country: but a sixth part is as much be shocked at the small portion of honesty that I as comes to its share; and, for any thing I know to the contrary, the other five may be in Ireland too; for I am sure I do not know where else to find them.

Of Lord Charlemont's English friends and associates, none is represented, perhaps, in a more lively and pleasing colours than Topham Beauclerk; to the graces of whose conversation even the fastidious Dr. Johnson has borne such powerful testimony. Lord Charlemont, and, indeed, all who have occasion to speak of him, represent him as more accomplished and agreeable in society, than any man of his age of exquisite taste, perfect good-breeding, and unblemished integrity and honour. Undisturbed, too, by ambition, or political animosities, and at his ease with regard to fortune, he might appear to be placed at the very summit of human felicity, and to exemplify that fortunate lot to which common destinies afford such various exceptions.

But there is no such lot. This happy man, so universally acceptable, and with such resources in himself, was devoured by ennui! and probably envied, with good reason, the condition of one half of those laborious and discontented beings who looked up to him with envy and admiration. He was querulous, Lord Charlemont assures us-indifferent, and internally contemptuous to the greater part of the world; and, like so many other accomplished persons, upon whom the want of employment has imposed the heavy task of selfoccupation, he passed his life in a languid and unsatisfactory manner; absorbed sometimes in play, and sometimes in study; and

"I am rejoiced to find by your letter than Lady C. is as you wish. I have yet remaining so much benevolence towards mankind, as to wish that there may be a son of your's, educated by you, as a specimen of what mankind ought to be. Goldsmith, the other day, put a paragraph into the newspapers, in praise of Lord Mayor Townshend. The same night Drury Lane. I mentioned the circumstance of we happened to sit next to Lord Shelburne, at the paragraph to him. He said to Goldsmith, that he hoped that he had mentioned nothing about Malagrida in it. 'Do you know,' answered Goldsmith, that I never could conceive the reason why they call you Malagrida; for Malagrida was a very good sort of man. You see plainly what he meant liar to himself. Mr. Walpole says, that this story to say; but that happy turn of expression is pecuis a picture of Goldsmith's whole life. Johnson has been confined for some weeks in the Isle of Skye. We hear that he was obliged to swim over to the main land, taking hold of a cow's tail. Be that as it may, Lady Di. has promised to make a decay; unless you come and relieve it, it will cerdrawing of it. Our poor club is in a miserable tainly expire. Would you imagine, that Sir Joshna

Reynolds is extremely anxious to be a member of Almack's? You see what noble ambition will make a man attempt. That den is not yet opened, consequently I have not been there; so, for the present, I am clear upon that score. I suppose your confounded Irish politics take up your whole attention at present; but we cannot do without you. If you do not come here, I will bring all the club over to Ireland, to live with you, and that will drive you here in your own defence. Johnson shall spoil your books, Goldsmith pull your flowers, and Boswell talk to you. Stay then if you can. Adieu, my dear Lord."-pp. 176, 177, 178.

Rockingham, upon the warm recommendation of many friends, had appointed Burke his secretary, the Duke of Newcastle informed him, that he had unwarily taken into his service a man of dangerous principles, and one who was by birth and education a papist and a jacobite; a calumny founded upon Burke's Irish connections, which were most of them of that persuasion, and upon some juvenile follies arising from those connections. The Marquis, whose genuine Whiggism was easily alarmed, immediately sent for Burke, and told him what he had heard. It was easy for Burke, who had been educated at the university at Dublin, to bring testiI saw a letter from Foote, the other day, with monies to his protestantism; and with regard to the an account of an Irish tragedy. The subject is second accusation, which was wholly founded on Manlius; and the last speech which he makes, the former, it was soon done away; and Lord when he is pushed off from the Tarpeian Rock, is, Rockingham, readily and willingly disabused, deSweet Jesus, where am I going?" Pray send me clared that he was perfectly satisfied of the falseword if this is true. We have a new comedy here, hood of the information he had received, and that which is good for nothing. Bad as it is, however, he no longer harboured the smallest doubt of the it succeeds very well, and has almost killed Gold-integrity of his principles; when Burke, with an smith with envy. I have no news, either literary honest and disinterested boldness, told his Lordship or political, to send you. Every body, except my-that it was now no longer possible for him to be his self, and about a million of vulgars, are in the secretary; that the reports he had heard would country. I am closely confined, as Lady Di. expects probably, even unknown to himself, create in his to be so every hour."-p. 178. mind such suspicions, as might prevent his thoroughly confiding in him; and that no earthly consideration should induce him to stand in that relation with a man who did not place entire confidence in him. The Marquis, struck with this manliness of sentiment, which so exactly corresponded with the feelings of his own heart, frankly and positively assured him, that what had passed, far from leaving any bad impression on his mind, had only served to fortify his good opinion; and that, if from no other reason, he might rest assured, that from his conduct upon that occasion alone, he should ever esteem, and place in him the most unreserved confidential trust-a promise which he faithfully performed. It must, however, be confessed, that his early habits and connections, though they could never make him swerve from his duty, had given his mind an almost constitutional bent towards the popish party. Prudence is, indeed, the only virtue he does not possess; from a total want of which, and from the amiable weaknesses of an excellent heart, his estimation in England, though still great, is certainly diminished."-pp. 343, 344.

Why should you be vexed to find that mankind are fools and knaves? I have known it so long, that every fresh instance of it amuses me, provided it does not immediately affect my friends or myself. Politicians do not seem to me to be much greater rogues than other people; and as their actions affect, in general, private persons less than other kinds of villany do, I cannot find that I am so angry with them. It is true, that the leading men in both countries at present, are, I believe, the most corrupt, abandoned people in the nation. But now that I am upon this worthy subject of human nature, I will inform you of a few particulars relating to the discovery of Otaheite."-p. 180.

"There is another curiosity here,-Mr. Bruce. His drawings are the most beautiful things you ever saw, and his adventures more wonderful than those of Sinbad the sailor-and, perhaps, nearly as true. I am much more afflicted with the account you send me of your health, than I am at the corruption of your ministers. I always hated politics; and I now hate them ten times worse; as I have reason to think that they contribute towards your ill health. You do me great justice in thinking, that whatever concerns you, must interest me; but as I wish you most sincerely to be perfectly happy, I cannot bear to think that the villanous proceedings of others should make you miserable: for, in that case, undoubtedly you will never be happy. Charles Fox is a member at the Turk's Head; but not till he was a patriot; and you know, if one repents, &c. There is nothing new, but Goldsmith's Retaliation, which you certainly have seen. Pray tell Lady though slight, may be here added. Burke's dis"Thus far Lord Charlemont. Something, Charlemont, from me, that I desire she may keep union, and final rupture with Mr. Fox, were at you from politics, as they do children from sweet-tended with circumstances so distressing, so far meats, that make them sick."-pp. 181, 182.

We have hitherto kept Mr. Hardy himself so much in the back ground, that we think it is but fair to lay before the reader the sequel which he has furnished to the preceding notice of Lord Charlemont. The passage is perfectly characteristic of the ordinary colloquial style of the book, and of the temper of the author.

surpassing the ordinary limits of political hostility, that the mind really aches at the recollection of them. But let us view him, for an instant, in better able, of pleasing access, and most agreeably comscenes, and better hours. He was social, hospit

We look upon these extracts as very interesting and valuable; but they have turned out to be so long, that we must cut short this branch of the history. We must add, how-municative. ever, a part of Lord Charlemont's account of Mr Burke, with whom he lived in habits of the closest intimacy, and continual correspondence, till his extraordinary breach with his former political associates in 1792. Mr. Hardy does not exactly know at what period the following paper, which was found in Lord Charlemont's handwriting, was written.

This most amiable and ingenious man was private secretary to Lord Rockingham. It may not be superfluous to relate the following anecdote, the truth of which I can assert, and which does honour to him and his truly noble patron. Soon after Lord

One of the most satisfactory days, perhaps, that I ever passed in my life, was going with him, tête-à-tête, from London to Beconsfield. He stopped at Uxbridge, whilst his horses were of I know not what militia, who appeared to be feeding; and, happening to meet some gentlemen, perfect strangers to him, he entered into discourse with them at the gateway of the inn. His conversation, at that moment, completely exemplified what Johnson said of him-That you could not meet Burke for half an hour under a shed, without saying that he was an extraordinary man.' He was, on that day, altogether, uncommonly instruc. tive and agreeable. Every object of the slightest notoriety, as we passed along, whether of natural or local history, furnished him with abundant ma

terials for conversation. The House at Uxbridge, in this crisis. The volunteers were irresistible, where the treaty was held during Charles the First's while they asked only for their country what time; the beautiful and undulating grounds of Bul- all the world saw she was entitled to: But strode, formerly the residence of Chancellor Jeffe ries; and Waller's tomb in Beconsfield church they became impotent the moment they deyard, which, before we went home, we visited, and manded more. They were deserted, at that whose character, as a gentleman, a poet, and an moment, by all the talent and the respectorator, he shortly delineated, but with exquisite ability which had given them, for a time, the felicity of genius, altogether gave an uncommon absolute dominion of the country. The coninterest to his eloquence; and, although one-andtwenty years have now passed since that day, I re- cession of their just rights operated like a tain the most vivid and pleasing recollection of it. talisman in separating the patriotic from the He reviewed the characters of many statesmen.-factious: And when the latter afterwards atLord Bath's, whom, I think, he personally knew, and that of Sir Robert Walpole, which he pourtrayed in nearly the same words which he used with regard to that eminent man, in his appeal from the Old Whigs to the New. He talked much of the great Lord Chatham; and, amidst a variety of particulars concerning him and his family, stated, that his sister, Mrs. Anne Pitt, used often, in her altercations with him, to say, That he knew nothing whatever except Spenser's Fairy Queen. And,' continued Mr. Burke, no matter how that was said; but whoever relishes, and reads Spenser as he ought to be read, will have a strong hold of the English language.' These were his exact words. Of Mrs. Anne Pitt he said, that she had the most agreeable and uncommon talents, and was, beyond all comparison, the most perfectly eloquent person he ever heard speak. He always, as he said, lamented that he did not put on paper a conversation he had once with her on what subject I forget. The richness, variety, and solidity of her discourse, absolutely astonished him.*

6

tempted to invade the lofty regions of legiti mate government, they were smitten with instantaneous discord and confusion, and speedly dispersed and annihilated from the face of the land. These events are big with instruction to the times that have come after; and read an impressive lesson to those who have now to deal with discontents and conventions in the same country.

which, we fear, few precedents have been left in the office of the Secretary of State.

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But if it be certain that the salvation of Ireland was then owing to the mild, liberal, and enlightened councils of the Rockingham administration as a body, it is delightful to see, in some of the private letters which Mr. Hardy has printed in the volume before us, how coTdially the sentiments professed by this ministry were adopted by the eminent men who presided over its formation. There are letters to Lord Charlemont, both from Lord Rocking ham himself, and from Mr. Fox, which would Certainly no nation ever obtained such a almost reconcile one to a belief in the possi deliverance by such an instrument, and hurt bility of ministerial fairness and sincerity. itself so little by the use of it; and, if the We should like to give the whole of them Irish Revolution of 1782 shows, that power here; but as our limits will not admit of that, and intimidation may be lawfully employed we must content ourselves with some extracts to enforce rights which have been refused to from Mr. Fox's first letter after the new minsupplication and reason, it shows also the ex-istry was formed,-for the tone and style of treme danger of this method of redress, and the necessity there is for resorting to every precaution in those cases where it has become indispensable. Ireland was now saved from all the horrors of a civil war, only by two circumstances; the first, that the great military force which accomplished the redress of her grievances, had not been originally raised or organised with any view to such an interference; and was chiefly guided, therefore, by men of loyal and moderate characters, who had taken up arms for no other purpose but the defence of their country against foreign invasion:-The other, that the just and reasonable demands to which these leaders ultimately limited their pretensions, were addressed to a liberal and enlightened administration, -too just to withhold, when in power, what they had laboured to procure when in opposition, and too magnanimous to dread the effect of conceding, even to armed petitioners, what was clearly and indisputably their due. It was the moderation of their first demands, and the generous frankness with which they were so promptly granted, that saved Ireland

I here omit the long abstract which originally followed, of the Irish parliament and public history, from 1750 to the period of the Union, together with all the details of the great Volunteer Association in 1780, and its fortunate dissolution in 1782-to which remarkable event the paragraph which now follows in the text refers.

My dear Lord,-If I had had occasion to write to you a month ago, I should have written with great confidence that you would believe me perfectly sincere, and would receive any thing that came from one who acted upon the same political principles. I Ime with the partiality of an old acquaintance, and hope you will now consider me in the same light; but I own I write with much more diffidence, as I a much more sure of your kindness to me personally, than of your inclination to listen with faState. The principal business of this letter is to vour to any thing that comes from a Secretary of inform you, that the Duke of Portland is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Colonel Fitzpatrick his secretary; and, when I have said this, I need not add, that I feel myself, on every private as well as public account, most peculiarly interested in the success of their administration. That their persons and characters are not disagreeable to your Lordship, I may venture to assure myself, without being too sanguíne; and I think myself equally certain, that there are not in the world two men whose general way of thinking upon political subjects is therefore, too much to desire and hope, that you more exactly consonant to your own. It is not, will at least look upon the administration of such men with rather a more favourable eye, and incline to trust them rather more than you could do most of those who have been their predecessors.""The particular time of year at which this change happens, is productive of many great inconveniences, especially as it will be very difficult for the Duke of Portland to be at Dublin before your Parliament meets; but I cannot help hoping that all reasonable men will concur in removing some of these diffi